4,020 research outputs found
Toward Precision Education: Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics for Identifying Studentsâ Learning Patterns with Ebook Systems
Precision education is now recognized as a new challenge of applying artificial intelligence, machine learning, and learning analytics to improve both learning performance and teaching quality. To promote precision education, digital learning platforms have been widely used to collect educational records of studentsâ behavior, performance, and other types of interaction. On the other hand, the increasing volume of studentsâ learning behavioral data in virtual learning environments provides opportunities for mining data on these studentsâ learning patterns. Accordingly, identifying studentsâ online learning patterns on various digital learning platforms has drawn the interest of the learning analytics and educational data mining research communities. In this study, the authors applied data analytics methods to examine the learning patterns of students using an ebook system for one semester in an undergraduate course. The authors used a clustering approach to identify subgroups of students with different learning patterns. Several subgroups were identified, and the studentsâ learning patterns in each subgroup were determined accordingly. In addition, the association between these studentsâ learning patterns and their learning outcomes from the course was investigated. The findings of this study provide educators opportunities to predict studentsâ learning outcomes by analyzing their online learning behaviors and providing timely intervention for improving their learning experience, which achieves one of the goals of learning analytics as part of precision education
Using a Summarized Lecture Material Recommendation System to Enhance Studentsâ Preclass Preparation in a Flipped Classroom
Research has revealed the positive effects of flipped classroom approaches on studentsâ learning engagement and performance compared with conventional lecture-based classrooms. However, because of a lack of out-of-class learning support, many students fail to comprehensively prepare the provided lecture materials before class. One promising solution to this problem is recommendation systems in the educational area, which have been instrumental in helping learners identify useful and relevant lecture materials that satisfy their learning needs. Thus, in this study, we propose a summarized lecture material recommendation system, which is integrated into an e-book reading system as an enhancement of the flipped classroom approach. This system helps students identify pages that contain essential knowledge that must be thoroughly studied before class. The proposed system was constructed on the basis of our previous work. In this study, a quasi-experiment was conducted in a graduate course that implemented the flipped classroom model: experimental group students learned with the proposed system, whereas the control group students had no access to the additional features. The findings of this study suggest that students who learn with the proposed recommendation system significantly outperform those who learn without the system in a flipped classroom in terms of their learning outcomes and engagement in preclass preparation
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Factors Influencing Optical Coherence Tomography Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness: A Multicenter Study.
Purpose:To quantify peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) and the factors that influence it in healthy participants who represent the racial and ethnic composition of the U.S. population. Methods:A total of 362 healthy participants underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) enhanced depth imaging of the optic nerve head with a 24 radial B-scan pattern aligned to the fovea to Bruch's membrane opening axis. Bruch's membrane, anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO), and the anterior scleral surface were manually segmented. PCT was measured at 100, 300, 500, 700, 900, and 1100 ÎŒm from the ASCO globally and within 12 clock-hour sectors. The effects of age, axial length, intraocular pressure, ethnicity, sex, sector, and ASCO area on PCT were assessed by ANOVA and univariable and multivariable regressions. Results:Globally, PCT was thicker further from the ASCO border and thinner with older age, longer axial length, larger ASCO area, European descent, and female sex. Among these effectors, age and axial length explained the greatest proportion of variance. The rate of age-related decline increased further from the ASCO border. Sectorally, the inferior-temporal sectors were thinnest (10.7%-20.0% thinner than the thickest sector) and demonstrated a higher rate of age-related loss (from 15.6% to 20.7% faster) at each ASCO distance. Conclusions:In healthy eyes, PCT was thinnest in the inferior temporal sectors and thinner PCT was associated with older age, European descent, longer axial length, larger ASCO area, and female sex. Among these associations, age had the strongest influence, and its effect was greatest within the inferior temporal sectors
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LIGA microsystems aging : evaluation and mitigation.
The deployment of LIGA structures in DP applications requires a thorough understanding of potential long term physical and chemical changes that may occur during service. While these components are generally fabricated from simple metallic systems such as copper, nickel and nickel alloys, the electroplating process used to form them creates microstructural features which differ from those found in conventional (e.g. ingot metallurgy) processing of such materials. Physical changes in non-equilibrium microstructures may occur due to long term exposure to temperatures sufficient to permit atomic and vacancy mobility. Chemical changes, particularly at the surfaces of LIGA parts, may occur in the presence of gaseous chemical species (e.g. water vapor, HE off-gassing compounds) and contact with other metallic structures. In this study, we have characterized the baseline microstructure of several nickel-based materials that are used to fabricate LIGA structures. Solute content and distribution was found to have a major effect on the electroplated microstructures. Microstructural features were correlated to measurements of hardness and tensile strength. Dormancy testing was conducted on one of the baseline compositions, nickel-sulfamate. Groups of specimens were exposed to controlled thermal cycles; subsequent examinations compared properties of 'aged' specimens to the baseline conditions. Results of our testing indicate that exposure to ambient temperatures (-54 C to 71 C) do not result in microstructural changes that might be expected to significantly effect mechanical performance. Additionally, no localized changes in surface appearance were found as a result of contact between electroplated parts
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Material characterization for inertia welding development progress report. Part I, microstructural characteristics and phase transformation of 21-6-9 inertia welds produced at Sandia National Laboratories, California.
Enzymatic resistance to the lipopeptide surfactin as identified through imaging mass spectrometry of bacterial competition
Many species of bacteria secrete natural products that inhibit the growth or development of competing species. In turn, competitors may develop or acquire resistance to antagonistic molecules. Few studies have investigated the interplay of these countervailing forces in direct competition between two species. We have used an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) approach to track metabolites exchanged between Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces sp. Mg1 cultured together. Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide produced by B. subtilis that inhibits the formation of aerial hyphae by streptomycetes. IMS analysis exposed an addition of 18 mass units to surfactin in the agar proximal to Streptomyces sp. Mg1 but not other streptomycetes tested. The spatially resolved change in the mass of surfactin indicated hydrolysis of the molecule. We observed that the aerial growth of Streptomyces sp. Mg1 was resistant to inhibition by surfactin, which suggests that hydrolysis was a mechanism of resistance. To identify possible enzymes from Streptomyces sp. Mg1 with surfactin hydrolase activity, we isolated secreted proteins and identified candidates by mass spectrometry. We purified one candidate enzyme that hydrolyzed surfactin in vitro. We tested the role of this enzyme in surfactin resistance by deleting the corresponding gene from the S. Mg1 genome. We observed that aerial growth by the ÎsfhA mutant strain was now sensitive to surfactin. Our results identify an enzyme that hydrolyzes surfactin and confers resistance to aerial growth inhibition, which demonstrates the effective use of an IMS approach to track natural product modifications during interspecies competition
Rotational and Nuclear-Spin Level Dependent Photodissociation Dynamics of H<sub>2</sub>S
The photodissociation dynamics of small molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet range can have key implications for astrochemical modelling, but revealing such dynamical details is a challenging task. Here the authors, combining high resolution experimental techniques, provide a detailed description of the fragmentation dynamics of selected rotational levels of a predissociated Rydberg state of H2S
The Influence of Molecular Adsorption on Elongating Gold Nanowires
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the impact of physisorbing
adsorbates on the structural and mechanical evolution of gold nanowires (AuNWs)
undergoing elongation. We used various adsorbate models in our simulations,
with each model giving rise to a different surface coverage and mobility of the
adsorbed phase. We find that the local structure and mobility of the adsorbed
phase remains relatively uniform across all segments of an elongating AuNW,
except for the thinning region of the wire where the high mobility of Au atoms
disrupts the monolayer structure, giving rise to higher solvent mobility. We
analyzed the AuNW trajectories by measuring the ductile elongation of the wires
and detecting the presence of characteristic structural motifs that appeared
during elongation. Our findings indicate that adsorbates facilitate the
formation of high-energy structural motifs and lead to significantly higher
ductile elongations. In particular, our simulations result in a large number of
monatomic chains and helical structures possessing mechanical stability in
excess of what we observe in vacuum. Conversely, we find that a molecular
species that interacts weakly (i.e., does not adsorb) with AuNWs worsens the
mechanical stability of monatomic chains.Comment: To appear in Journal of Physical Chemistry
Topological Interactions in Warped Extra Dimensions
Topological interactions will be generated in theories with compact extra
dimensions where fermionic chiral zero modes have different localizations. This
is the case in many warped extra dimension models where the right-handed top
quark is typically localized away from the left-handed one. Using
deconstruction techniques, we study the topological interactions in these
models. These interactions appear as trilinear and quadrilinear gauge boson
couplings in low energy effective theories with three or more sites, as well as
in the continuum limit. We derive the form of these interactions for various
cases, including examples of Abelian, non-Abelian and product gauge groups of
phenomenological interest. The topological interactions provide a window into
the more fundamental aspects of these theories and could result in unique
signatures at the Large Hadron Collider, some of which we explore.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; modifications in the KK parity
discussion, final version at JHE
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