カンコク ダイデン コウイキシ ニ オケル キノウ トクテイガタ ネットワーク ケイセイ ノ トリクミ

The inter-regional strategy, aiming at autonomous development in local area, can be classified into three types; (1)The formation of international regional communities and their commitment to each other, (2)The formation of inter-regional networks for specific city functions, (3)The creation of the voluntary civil networks. In this paper, the author takes World Technopolis Association (WTA) in Daejeon Metropolitan Area, Korea, as the case of type-(2) and investigates its possibilities and problems. The technology and science institutes in Daejeon have cooperated with foreign institutes so far. The strategy of the inter-regional networks for specific city functions has tried to extend that cooperation between institutes to the regional level. The function of WTA has made it possible for Daejeon to expand its local networks among local industries, institutions and authorities, and, further, to promote its Jiba industry

カンコク ダイデン コウイキシ ニ オケル キノウ トクテイガタ ネットワーク ケイセイ ノ トリクミ

The inter-regional strategy, aiming at autonomous development in local area, can be classified into three types; (1)The formation of international regional communities and their commitment to each other, (2)The formation of inter-regional networks for specific city functions, (3)The creation of the voluntary civil networks. In this paper, the author takes World Technopolis Association (WTA) in Daejeon Metropolitan Area, Korea, as the case of type-(2) and investigates its possibilities and problems. The technology and science institutes in Daejeon have cooperated with foreign institutes so far. The strategy of the inter-regional networks for specific city functions has tried to extend that cooperation between institutes to the regional level. The function of WTA has made it possible for Daejeon to expand its local networks among local industries, institutions and authorities, and, further, to promote its Jiba industry

Training cessation and subsequent retraining of a world-class female Olympic sailor after Tokyo 2020: A case study

Olympic sailing is a complex sport where sailors are required to predict and interpret weather conditions while facing high physical and physiological demands. While it is essential for sailors to develop physical and physiological capabilities toward major competition, monitoring training status following the competition is equally important to minimize the magnitude of detraining and facilitate retraining. Despite its long history in the modern Olympics, reports on world-class sailors' training status and performance characteristics across different periodization phases are currently lacking. This case study aimed to determine the influence of training cessation and subsequent retraining on performance parameters in a world-class female sailor. A 31-year old female sailor, seventh in the Women's Sailing 470 medal race in Tokyo 2020, completely stopped training for 4 weeks following the Olympics, and resumed low-intensity training for 3 weeks. Over these 7 weeks, 12.7 and 5.3% reductions were observed in 6 s peak cycling power output and jump height, respectively, with a 4.7% decrease in maximal aerobic power output. Seven weeks of training cessation-retraining period induced clear reductions in explosive power production capacities but less prominent decreases in aerobic capacity. The current findings are likely attributed to the sailor's training characteristics during the retraining period.This study was part of Functional Development Project for Resilient Athlete Support commissioned by Japan Sports Agency

アレルゲンベツ ニ ミタ Iガタ アレルギー ノ ハッショウ ト アレルギー マーチ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

We studied the onset of allergic diseases and allergy march in 1,029 children aged from 3 months-old to 18-years old.A clinical study showed the close relationship between atopic dermatitis and asthma,and between asthma and allergic rhinitis. Specific IgE to house dust, mites, pets and pollen was recognized to be positive in early infants aged 4- or 5 months-old.This finding is earlier than the previous report, indicate the recent increase of allergic disease. Allergy to food allergens, inhalanted allergens and contact allergens are linked each other, and tend to be IgE-mediated sensitization to multiallergen

production of chitooligosaccharides from Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL2710 cells by chitosanase digestion

The intact cells of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL2710, whose cell walls are abundant source of N-acetylglu- cosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN), were digested with three chitinolytic enzymes, a GH-46 chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. N174 (CsnN174), a chitinase from Pyrococcus furiosus, and a chitinase from Trichoderma viride, respectively. Solubilization of the intact cells by CsnN174 was found to be the most efficient from solid state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chitosanase products from Rhizopus cells were purified by cation exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-25 and gel-filtration on Cellulofine Gcl-25 m. NMR and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses of the purified products revealed that GlcN–GlcNAc, (GlcN)2–GlcNAc, and (GlcN)2 were produced by the enzymatic digestion of the intact cells. The chitosan- ase digestion of Rhizopus cells was found to be an excellent system for the conversion of fungal biomass without any environmental impact

Rice apoplastic CBM1-interacting protein counters blast pathogen invasion by binding conserved carbohydrate binding module 1 motif of fungal proteins

いもち病からイネを守る細胞外タンパク質 (CBMIP) の発見 --CBMIPはイネの細胞壁を守り、いもち病菌の感染を抑える--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-30.When infecting plants, fungal pathogens secrete cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that break down cellulose and hemicellulose, the primary components of plant cell walls. Some fungal CWDEs contain a unique domain, named the carbohydrate binding module (CBM), that facilitates their access to polysaccharides. However, little is known about how plants counteract pathogen degradation of their cell walls. Here, we show that the rice cysteine-rich repeat secretion protein OsRMC binds to and inhibits xylanase MoCel10A of the blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, interfering with its access to the rice cell wall and degradation of rice xylan. We found binding of OsRMC to various CBM1-containing enzymes, suggesting that it has a general role in inhibiting the action of CBM1. OsRMC is localized to the apoplast, and its expression is strongly induced in leaves infected with M. oryzae. Remarkably, knockdown and overexpression of OsRMC reduced and enhanced rice defense against M. oryzae, respectively, demonstrating that inhibition of CBM1-containing fungal enzymes by OsRMC is crucial for rice defense. We also identified additional CBM-interacting proteins (CBMIPs) from Arabidopsis thaliana and Setaria italica, indicating that a wide range of plants counteract pathogens through this mechanism

The Role of Cytokines Produced via the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mouse Macrophages Stimulated with Dental Calculus in Osteoclastogenesis

Dental calculus (DC) is a common deposit in periodontitis patients. We have previously shown that DC contains both microbial components and calcium phosphate crystals that induce an osteoclastogenic cytokine IL-1β via the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. In this study, we examined the effects of cytokines produced by mouse macrophages stimulated with DC on osteoclastogenesis. The culture supernatants from wild-type (WT) mouse macrophages stimulated with DC accelerated osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), but inhibited osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed RAW-D cells. WT, but not NLRP3-deficient, mouse macrophages stimulated with DC produced IL-1β and IL-18 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent production of IL-1β and IL-18. Both WT and NLRP3-deficient mouse macrophages stimulated with DC produced IL-10, indicating the NLRP3 inflammasome-independent production of IL-10. Recombinant IL-1β accelerated osteoclastogenesis in both RANKL-primed BMMs and RAW-D cells, whereas recombinant IL-18 and IL-10 inhibited osteoclastogenesis. These results indicate that DC induces osteoclastogenic IL-1β in an NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner and anti-osteogenic IL-18 and IL-10 dependently and independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome, respectively. DC may promote alveolar bone resorption via IL-1β induction in periodontitis patients, but suppress resorption via IL-18 and IL-10 induction in some circumstances

Safety and Quality in the Agricultural Product Chain in Brazil

An agriculture-intensive country should be aware of natural toxins, including both mycotoxins and cyanotoxins, which are closely associated with the quality of raw materials, for food safety and industry. The major production chains – corn, wheat, beef, and broiler chicken – are the top components of agribusiness, and they should be tracked by reliable and practical tools. The corn chain is of particular concern in food production; intensive controls, multi-year mycotoxin monitoring, and improved harmless/sustainable management methods for uninterrupted farming in the tropic-subtropics are needed to achieve a long-lasting trend. The rapid control of natural toxins (mycotoxin and cyanotoxin) has focused on immunochemical methods developed with highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) matched with chromatographic methods. In parallel, the promising widespread application of non-destructive analytical methods based on NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance) spectroscopy, computer vision and hyperspectral imaging coupled with multivariate analyses have been introduced as an alternative for the prediction of quality and compositional parameters. Rapid quality control and product traceability are discussed, as well as accurate monitoring, which is essential for potentially launching an innovative system for food production in Brazil