Management of Helicobacter pylori

Meta-analysis has shown that successful Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy improved atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Moreover, successful eradication therapy against atrophic gastritis has led to the suppression of the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer. Thus, the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research concluded that all ‘H. pylori-infected persons’ should be considered for eradication therapy, irrespective of any background diseases. Successful eradication can prevent transmission of this bacterium, and recent publications show that curing H. pylori infection seems to reduce the risk of gastric cancer

土壌より分離した細菌によるモノフルオロ酢酸の分解

1. Some of the bacterial isolates are capable of growing in a defined medium containing FA or FAA as a sole source of carbon and are indeed able to defluorinate these pesticide ingredients. 2. The defluorination activity roughly parallels to the growth rate in the medium. 3. The apparent disturbance of the adaptation process by the nutrients carried over from the inoculum suggests that the bacterial adaptation to defluorination could hardly be expected in the ordinary field soil

Systematic review and meta-analysis: the relationship between the Helicobacter pylori dupA gene and clinical outcomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2005, the first disease-specific <it>Helicobacter pylori </it>virulence factor that induced duodenal ulcer and had a suppressive action on gastric cancer has been identified, and was named duodenal ulcer promoting gene (<it>dupA</it>). However, the importance of the <it>dupA </it>gene on clinical outcomes is conflicting in subsequent studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the risk for clinical outcomes associated with <it>dupA </it>gene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A meta-analysis of case-control studies which provided raw data on the infection rates with the <it>dupA</it>-positive <it>H. pylori </it>detected by polymerase chain reaction was performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seventeen studies with a total of 2,466 patients were identified in the search. Infection with the <it>dupA</it>-positive <it>H. pylori </it>increased the risk for duodenal ulcer by 1.41-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.76) overall. Subgroup analysis showed that the summary odds ratio (OR) was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.19-2.06) in Asian countries and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.73-1.62) in Western countries. There was no association between the presence of the <it>dupA </it>gene and gastric cancer and gastric ulcer. Publication bias did not exist.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our meta-analysis confirmed the importance of the presence of the <it>dupA </it>gene for duodenal ulcer, especially in Asian countries.</p

Development of cotton plant from seeds soaked with mepiquat chloride

O efeito da embebição de sementes de algodão cultivar IPR-120 com cloreto de mepiquat no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial das plantas foi avaliado em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5x3 (cinco concentrações do produto, três tempos de embebição), com cinco repetições. Altura e área foliar foram avaliadas, da emergência até o início do florescimento. Os tratamentos com cloreto de mepiquat reduziram a altura da planta desde a emergência, com interações entre os fatores analisados. O número de botões florais e de ramos, a área foliar, a matéria seca da parte aérea e a altura da inserção do nó cotiledonar também foram reduzidos pelos tratamentos.The effects of cotton seeds cultivar IPR-120, soaked with mepiquat chloride solutions on the initial growth and development of the plants, grown in 2,5 L plastic bags, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised five mepiquat chloride concentration solutions and three soaking durations, with five replications. Evaluations were carried out weekly from emergence to beginning of flowering stage. The treatments containing mepiquat chloride soaking reduced plant height since the emergence, with some interactions among the factors. They also reduced the number of flower buds and branches, leaf area, dry matter and the height of the cotyledon node

Cloning and Nucleotide Sequenceof the Genes Encoding Restriction-Modification System from Acidophilic Bacterium Acidocella facilis 22M

The gene encoding the Afa22MI restriction-modification system recognizing the sequence 5'-CGATCG-3' was cloned from Acidocella facilis 22M and sequenced. The cloned DNA fragment contained three genes encoding the Afa22MI methylase (M.Afa22MI) , the putative restriction endonuclease Afa22MI (R.Afa22MI) and a very short patch repair endonuclease (Afa22MI vsr) . M. Afa22MI gene has the conserved motifs of C5-cytosine methyltransferase. Afa22MI vsr gene was localized upstream of M. Afa22MI gene in opposite orientation, and an open reading frame of R. Afa22MI has about 53% sequence similarity to the amino acid sequence for the variable region of M.XorⅡ. Afa22MI vsr has about 66% sequence similarity to the amino acid sequence of XorII vsr which was associated M. XorII.CGATCGを認識する Afa22MI 制限修飾系遺伝子を好酸性細菌 Acidocella facilis 22M より、クローニングし、塩基配列を決定した。その結果、C5-シトシンメチラーゼに特徴的なモチーフが保存された。M.Afa22MI 遺伝子、その上流に、M.Afa22MI 遺伝子とは逆方向に、 very short patch repair endonuclease 様タンパク質遺伝子（Afa22MI vsr）、制限酵素（R.Afa22MI）遺伝子と推定されるオープンリーディングフレームが見出された。M.Afa22MI の推定アミノ酸配列は、Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 由来 M.XorII の配列と全体で約63%、veriable region 内で約53%の高い配列類似性を示した。また、Afa22MI usr の推定アミノ酸配列も、M.XorIIに付随する XorII vsr の配列と約66%の高い類似性を示した

Helicobacter pylori from gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer show same phylogeographic origin in the Andean Region in Colombia

Background: A recent report has shown that the phylogenetic origin of Helicobacter pylori based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was significantly associated with the severity of gastritis in Colombia. However, the potential relationship between phylogenetic origin and clinical outcomes was not examined in that study. If the phylogenetic origin rather than virulence factors were truly associated with clinical outcomes, identifying a population at high risk for gastric cancer in Colombia would be relatively straightforward. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic origins of strains from gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer patients living in Bogota, Colombia. Methods: We included 35 gastric cancer patients and 31 duodenal ulcer patients, which are considered the variant outcomes. The genotypes of cagA and vacA were determined by polymerase chain reaction. The genealogy of these Colombian strains was analyzed by MLST. Bacterial population structure was analyzed using STRUCTURE software. Results: H. pylori strains from gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer patients were scattered in the phylogenetic tree; thus, we did not detect any difference in phylogenetic distribution between gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer strains in the hpEurope group in Colombia. Sixty-six strains, with one exception, were classified as hpEurope irrespective of the cagA and vacA genotypes, and type of disease. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that Colombian hpEurope strains have a phylogenetic connection to Spanish strains. Conclusions: Our study showed that a phylogeographic origin determined by MLST was insufficient for distinguishing between gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer risk among hpEurope strains in the Andean region in Colombia. Our analysis also suggests that hpEurope strains in Colombia were primarily introduced by Spanish immigrants. © 2014 Shiota et al

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in two ethnic groups in Nepal

Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies and pepsinogens (PGs) have been used as gastric cancer screening and gastric mucosal status markers. Nepal is a low risk country for gastric cancer. However, the mountainous populace in the northern region culturally linked to Tibet as well as Bhutan, a neighboring country, have a high risk of GC. We collected gastric biopsy specimens and sera from 146 dyspeptic patients living in Kathmandu, Nepal. We also examined the sera of 80 volunteers living in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas. The optimal cut-off was calculated for serum biomarkers against the histology. Kathmandu patients (43.8) were serologically positive for H. pylori infection, which was significantly lower than that for the mountainous (61.3, P = 0.01). The same results also found in the prevalence of PG-positivity, PG I levels and PG I/II ratios (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, the PG I/II ratios were significantly, and inversely correlated with the OLGA score (r = -0.33, P < 0.009). The low incidence of gastric cancer in Nepal can be attributed to low gastric mucosal atrophy. However, the mountainous subjects have high-risk gastric mucosal status, which could be considered a high-risk population in Nepal