Waist hip ratio: an anatomical predictive marker of risk of PCOS

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders seen in infertility clinic of Gynae OPD. It is basically is disease of metabolic disorder and requires ultrasound and hormonal assay for its diagnosis.Methods: The study was carried out in the GOPD of MGM medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore (M.P.) India. It included 200 women in the age group 18-40 years diagnosed as PCOS and who were compared with 200 women of same age group without PCOS. The height, weight BMI and waist hip ratio were measured and analyzed statistically.Results: The present study shows that women with PCOS had higher incidence of acne hirsutism and irregular menses (p0.87) is an indication for presence of PCOS. Thus, these patients may undergo further hormone evaluation and this simple measurement can help to screen out PCOS from general population. This prevents financial burden on low resource settings

Effect of co-substitution on the electrocatalytic properties of Ni1.5Fe1.5O4 for oxygen evolution in alkaline solutions.

Some ternary ferrites with composition CoxNi1.5-xFe1.5O4 (0.0 less than or equal to x les than or equal to 1.25) have been synthesized through NH4OH co-precipitation at 11.5 pH. Materials obtained in this way were tested for their electrocatalytic properties towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in the form of a film on Ni-support in alkaline solution. The study showed that the electrocatalytic properties of the material increased with partial substitution of Co for Ni in the base oxide (Ni1.5Fe1.5O4), the value being highest with 1.25 mol Co-substitution. At E = 850 mV vs Hg/HgO in 1M KOH at 25 degrees C, the electrode showed apparent current density 137.1 mA cm(-2), which is about 2.5 times higher than the base oxide. The Tafel slope values were ranged between 53-90 mV decade-1. A pair of redox peak, an anodic (E-Pa = 522 +/- 28 mV) and corresponding cathodic (E-Pc = 356 +/- 9 mV), was observed in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) study of the material. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) - namely the standard apparent electrochemical enthalpy of activation (Delta H-el degrees(not equal)), the standard enthalpy of activation (Delta H degrees(not equal)) and the standard entropy of activation (Delta s degrees(not equal)) - have also been determined by recording the anodic polarization curve in 1M KOH. The value of Delta H degrees(not equal) was observed to be almost similar with each oxide electrode. The Delta s degrees(not equal) values were highly negative and ranged between similar to -165 and similar to -207 J deg(-1) mol(-1). Phase and morphology of materials have been investigated by using physical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Advanced Methods to Improve Performance of K-Means Algorithm: A Review

Clustering is an unsupervised classification that is the partitioning of a data set in a set of meaningful subsets. Each object in dataset shares some common property- often proximity according to some defined distance measure. Among various types of clustering techniques, K-Means is one of the most popular algorithms. The objective of K-means algorithm is to make the distances of objects in the same cluster as small as possible. Algorithms, systems and frameworks that address clustering challenges have been more elaborated over the past years. In this review paper, we present the K-Means algorithm and its improved techniques

Exploring the role of serum β-HCG levels in predicting hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a prospective observational study

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health, contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research, these disorders remain a public health concern, necessitating the identification and prediction of associated risks for effective prevention and management. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a hospital setting, involving 200 antenatal women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for routine checkups over a six-month period. Sample size calculation was based on expected sensitivity and prevalence rates. Inclusion criteria were defined, and clinical examinations were performed on the participants. Results: Higher serum β-HCG levels were significantly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Low levels correlated with 12 out of 122 cases, while high levels correlated with 59 out of 78 cases. Two deaths were linked to hypertensive disorders. Age did not show a significant association, but variations were observed among religious groups. Conclusions: This study concludes that higher serum β-HCG levels are significantly associated with the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Age did not show a significant association with these disorders, suggesting the involvement of other contributing factors. The findings provide valuable insights for clinical management and further research in this field, contributing to a better understanding of the etiology and predictors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among pregnant females attending the antenatal clinic: a study at Dr. S. N. Medical College in Jodhpur, India

Background: AIDS, caused by HIV, is a global health threat that weakens the immune system and leads to life-threatening infections. India has been heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic due to a lack of accurate information and prevention efforts. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a significant factor in HIV spread. Knowledge of HIV status through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is crucial. Despite efforts, HIV/AIDS remains a major public health challenge in India. Methods: A study at Dr. S.N. Medical College focused on pregnant women in the antenatal clinic. Using a questionnaire, data was collected from 100 participants on socio-demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: Most participants were aged 21-30, with 48 having 6-10 years of education. The majority identified as Hindu, and 89 were housewives. The study revealed gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge, with many participants lacking awareness and having misconceptions. Stigma and fear were also prevalent, but recognition of abstinence as a preventive measure was observed. Conclusions: Targeted interventions, education, and awareness campaigns are necessary to enhance knowledge, dispel misconceptions, and reduce HIV/AIDS stigma among pregnant women in antenatal clinics. Policies, programs, and preventive strategies should be developed to reduce HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence. Future research should address knowledge gaps, promote understanding of HIV/AIDS, and focus on preventing mother-to-child transmission, ultimately working towards ending AIDS as a public health threat

ER, PR, HER2/NEU STATUS AND RELATION TO CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN BREAST CARCINOMA

Objective: The role of hormone receptors as a prognostic and therapeutic tool in breast cancer is widely accepted. The aim of this study was to the analysis of steroid receptor status in breast cancer with clinic pathological characteristics.Methods: In the present study, immunohistochemical assay of two hundred tumor block of patients of breast carcinoma was performed to know the hormone receptor status as well as histological examination. Results: 150 samples were grouped to study hormonal status and their relation with clinic-pathological factors. The results in the present study documented the 42.3 %, 37.6 % and 56.2 % expression rate of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2/neu) (. The negative expression of ER, PR receptors found higher (57.7 %, 62.4 % respectively). However, Her2/neu positive expression found higher than negative expression (43.8 %). An inverse correlation of Her2/neu expression with ER and PR expression was observed (p=0.007). A significant association of tumor size was observed with ER and PR expression (p=0.02 & p=0.04 respectively). However, no statistically significant association was observed between Her2/neu expression and tumor size (p=0.84).<4 positive lymph nodes showed more no reactivity of the receptors (ER, PR & Her2/neu) than>4 positive lymph nodes. No significant association of lymph node status and histological types was found with receptor expression.Conclusion: In conclusion further functional analyzes of ER, PR and Her2 receptors are needed to investigate the effects of compounds in inhibiting cancer in humans.Keywords: Breast carcinoma, Estrogen, Her-2/neu receptor, Immunohistochemistry, ProgesteroneÂ

Attentive Dual Stream Siamese U-net for Flood Detection on Multi-temporal Sentinel-1 Data

Due to climate and land-use change, natural disasters such as flooding have been increasing in recent years. Timely and reliable flood detection and mapping can help emergency response and disaster management. In this work, we propose a flood detection network using bi-temporal SAR acquisitions. The proposed segmentation network has an encoder-decoder architecture with two Siamese encoders for pre and post-flood images. The network's feature maps are fused and enhanced using attention blocks to achieve more accurate detection of the flooded areas. Our proposed network is evaluated on publicly available Sen1Flood11 benchmark dataset. The network outperformed the existing state-of-the-art (uni-temporal) flood detection method by 6\% IOU. The experiments highlight that the combination of bi-temporal SAR data with an effective network architecture achieves more accurate flood detection than uni-temporal methods.Comment: Accepted in IGARSS202

A CNN regression model to estimate buildings height maps using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI time series

Accurate estimation of building heights is essential for urban planning, infrastructure management, and environmental analysis. In this study, we propose a supervised Multimodal Building Height Regression Network (MBHR-Net) for estimating building heights at 10m spatial resolution using Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite time series. S1 provides Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data that offers valuable information on building structures, while S2 provides multispectral data that is sensitive to different land cover types, vegetation phenology, and building shadows. Our MBHR-Net aims to extract meaningful features from the S1 and S2 images to learn complex spatio-temporal relationships between image patterns and building heights. The model is trained and tested in 10 cities in the Netherlands. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Intersection over Union (IOU), and R-squared (R2) score metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the model. The preliminary results (3.73m RMSE, 0.95 IoU, 0.61 R2) demonstrate the effectiveness of our deep learning model in accurately estimating building heights, showcasing its potential for urban planning, environmental impact analysis, and other related applications

Risks and benefits of two different entry techniques for laparoscopic gynecological surgeries

Background: Primary abdominal access still remains a challenge for laparoscopic surgery despite rapid advances. This study was conducted to prospectively analyse and compare risks and benefits of two different entry techniques namely, veress needle and direct trocar in laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries so as to obtain consensus on the optimal method to be followed to create pneumoperitoneum.Methods: This was a prospective randomized study conducted at Deen Dayal Upadhyay hospital, under Delhi government. During the period January 2014 to June 2016, 800 patients (20-65 years) operated laparoscopically by the same team of surgeons for various gynaecological conditions, were randomized in two groups: Veress needle group (VN) and Direct trocar group (DT). Each group comprised of 400 patients. Comparison of various parameters was done between the two groups.Results: Incidence of major complications in terms of visceral injuries was 0.75% (3/400) in DT group and nil in VN group. Open conversion rate (2/400 i. e. 0.5%) and number of attempts required to create pneumoperitoneum were also more in DT group. Failed access in previous surgery cases was 1.2% (1/38) in VN and 14.8% (4/27) in DT group. Incidence of port site bleeding (n=3) was also more in DT group. Although the incidence of minor complications such as extraperitoneal insufflations (n=5) and no. of failed access (n=6) were more in VN group, there was no incidence of any life-threatening complication.Conclusions: In our experience, there is clear evidence of advantage of using veress needle in preventing major complications. Veress needle is therefore safer, convenient and effective technique of creating pneumoperitoneum