Assessing wines based on total phenols, phenolic acids and chemometrics by multivariate analyses

The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic profile of some red wines produced from native Turkish grape varieties (Vitis vinifera Öküzgözü, V. vinifera Boğazkere and V. vinifera Shiraz) and some red fruit wines produced from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Red grape wines and fruit wines were produced according to accepted conventional methods for wines and fruit wines regulations. At the end of productions all samples, were analyzed for the following parameters: total phenols (mg/L) and color parameters such as %D280, %D420, %D520, %D620, %DA, %IC,T, %ICI ,%R, %Y and %B. By using HPLC method, the following parameters were determined: gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acids. The order of wines according to the total phenolic contents from the highest to the lowest values was determined to be: Boğazkere > Öküzgözü > mulberry > Shiraz > myrtle > pomegranate wines. The highest values for gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were determined in bilberry, pomegranate, Shiraz, mulberry, Boğazkere and Öküzgözü wines, respectively. Analyses of n-dimensional scale demonstrated the relationship between pomegranate wine and p-hydroxybenzoic/syringic acid; bilberry wine and gallic acid; Shiraz/Boğazkere and caffeic acid/p-coumaric acids; Öküzgözü and ferulic acid; total phenols and Shiraz/pomegranate/Boğazkere wines.Keywords: Phenols, colors, fruit wines, red winesAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(22), pp. 3563-356

Ispitivanje biogenih amina u vinima proizvedenih organskim i klasičnim postupkom HPLC metodom određivanja OPA derivata

Organic and non-organic wines, selected on the basis of consumers’ preference towards healthy products, were produced from the grapes of Vitis vinifera varieties Semillon, Colombard, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Carignan and possible effects of different wine making techniques were considered. Concentrations of histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, ethylamine, methylamine, tryptamine, agmatine and β-phenylethylamine were quantified by HPLC fluorescence detection of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) derivatives. The order of analyzed parameters in all wines from the highest to the lowest quantities was determined as follows: putrescine > histamine > ethylamine > methylamine > agmatine > tyramine > cadaverine > tryptamine. One of the analyzed compounds (β-phenylethylamine) was not detected. The highest average values for organic and non-organic wines were found as follows (in mg/L): putrescine 5.55, ethylamine 0.825 and histamine 0.628 in organic wines, and putrescine 3.68, histamine 1.14 and agmatine 0.662 in non-organic wines. Considering the wine type (organic/non-organic), an important difference was determined for putrescine. Putrescine content in organic wines was significantly greater than in non-organic ones (p=0.008). Evaluating colour of wines (white/red), a statistically significant difference was obtained for methylamine (p=0.028). Taking into account only grape varieties, statistically significant differences were found for histamine, methylamine, tyramine and cadaverine (p histamin > etilamin > metilamin > agmatin > tiramin > kadaverin > triptamin, dok β-feniletilamin nije pronađen u uzorcima vina. Najviše izmjerene prosječne vrijednosti bile su (u mg/L): putrescin 5,55, etilamin 0,825 i histamin 0,628 u vinima proizvedenim organskim postupkom, te putrescin 3,68, histamin 1,14 i agmatin 0,662 u vinima proizvedenim klasičnim postupkom. Prema načinu dobivanja vina značajna je razlika (p=0,008) utvrđena u udjelu putrescina koji je bio puno veći u vinima proizvedenim organskim postupkom. S obzirom na boju vina (bijelo/crno) statistički značajna razlika (p=0,028) uočena je prema količini metilamina. Prema varijetetu grožđa statistički značajna razlika (p<0,05) uočena je u količini histamina, metilamina, tiramina i kadaverina. Rezultati analize glavnih faktora pokazali su neposrednu povezanost sljedećih biogenih amina i vina: agmatina i vina Colombard, proizvedenog klasičnim postupkom, te triptamina odnosno kadaverina i vina Cabernet Sauvignon, proizvedenog organskim i klasičnim postupkom

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely