The Effect of Media on Charitable Giving and Volunteering: Evidence from the `Give Five' Campaign

Fundraising campaigns advertised via mass media are common. To what extent such campaigns affect charitable behavior is mostly unknown, however. Using giving and volunteering surveys conducted biannually from 1988 to 1996, I investigate the e¡èect of a national fundraising campaign, "Give Five", on charitable giving and volunteering patterns. The widely advertised "Give Five" campaign was aimed to encourage people to give five percent of their income and volunteer five hours a week. After controlling for selection into being informed about the "Give Five", I find that people who were informed about the campaign increased their weekly volunteering activity on average by almost half an hour, but their giving behavior was not significantly affected. I discuss the policy implications associated with this result and argue that although the "Give Five" campaign did not achieve its goal, its economic impact was considerable.

Do Fundraisers Select Charitable Donors Based on Gender and Race? Evidence from Survey Data

Recent studies document that people are much more likely to donate to charity and volunteer their time when they are asked to. Using household surveys of giving and volunteering in the United States conducted from 1992 to 2001, which contain questions on whether the respondent was personally asked to give or volunteer, this paper investigates the factors associated with the probability of receiving a charitable solicitation and presents substantial evidence that race and gender differences play key roles in the selection of potential donors. In particular, males, blacks, and Hispanics are less likely to be solicited compared with females and whites. Using non-linear decomposition techniques, I find that differences in observable characteristics of individuals explain most of the racial gap in the probability of being solicited for charitable causes, but they fail to explain the gender gap in the probability of being asked to volunteer. Furthermore, these results are robust to alternative specifications. I also discuss related policy implications and argue that the economic impact of selecting potential donors based on gender and race can be considerable.

Do Minimum Legal Tobacco Purchase Age Laws Work?

This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of the minimum legal tobacco purchase age (MLTPA) laws on smoking behavior among young adults. Using data from the confidential version of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997 Cohort), which contains information on the exact birth date of the respondents, we find that the impact of the MLTPA on several indicators of smoking among youth is minor and often insignificant. However, we also show that granting legal access to cigarettes and tobacco products at the MLTPA leads to an increase in several indicators of smoking participation, including up to a 5 percentage point increase in the probability of smoking for males and for those who reported to have smoked before. These results are robust under several alternative model specifications and imply that policies that are designed to restrict youth access to tobacco are only effective in reducing smoking participation among certain groups of young adults

İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Kütüphanesi

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 111-Kütüphanelerİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Health Insurance Coverage and Risky Health Behaviors Among Young Adults

This paper investigates the relationship between health insurance coverage and risky health behaviors among young adults using the confidential version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (NLSY97). Before the Affordable Care Act required all employers to provide health insurance to employees’ children until the age of 26 (before September, 2010), many health insurance contracts covered dependents through age 19. Using a regression discontinuity design framework, I find that approximately 6 percent of young adults lose their health insurance coverage once they turn 19. I also find some evidence that the discrete change in health insurance coverage status at age 19 has spillover effects on heavy drinking, especially for males, but does not have any significant impact on smoking or marijuana use habits of young adults. These results are robust under several different parametric and non-parametric models and not sensitive to the selection of samples based on gender

The Role of Gender Factor in the Effect of Personality Traits on Entrepreneurship Tendency

Entrepreneurship is one of the important economic phenomena of today.  The entrepreneurs who put the initiatives into operation, which constitute the most fundamental building block of the economy, keep the interest above all periods. It can be stated that, it is tried to be increased with the support and incentives of the state and also with grants especially today. Entrepreneurship is a key element of economic development, employment creation and increasing the level of welfare which countries emphasize strongly. Entrepreneurship is the process of carrying the opportunities offered by the environment into a business activity. There are many characteristics that entrepreneurs who can see these opportunities should have, and as one of them, the entrepreneurial tendencies of university students who are candidates to become entrepreneurs and the personality traits considered as one of the factors affecting this tendency have been tried to be determined by considering the gender factor. In the study, it was aimed to determine the role of gender factor in the effect of personality traits of university students on their tendency to be entrepreneurs. For this purpose, data from 300 university students were obtained from the online questionnaires sent to university students. Reliability analysis and descriptive statistics were made with SPSS 16 for these data. For the analysis of the hypotheses, the structural equation model was applied in AMOS 19 program. It was determined that extraversion and openness to development dimension of personality traits affected entrepreneurship tendency. Additionally, it was determined that age and gender among demographic factors also affected the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurship tendency. Keywords: Personality Traits, Entrepreneurial Traits, Entrepreneurial Tendency DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-6-17 Publication date:March 31st 202

Do School Administrators' Perception Management Skills Improve School Agility

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of school administrators' perception management skills on school agility in line with teachers' views. This research begins by recognizing the vital importance of addressing school agility. Perception management is widely regarded as a critical managerial skill for fostering positive organizational behaviors. In this context, the relationships between variables were examined and the level of prediction of perception management on school agility was determined. The research was designed in relational survey model and conducted with 346 teachers working in Uşak. Quantitative techniques were used to analyze the data collected from the participants. The findings of the study showed that the level of school administrators' perception management skills and school agility were at high levels. Additionally, it has been determined that there are positively significant relationships between school administrators' perception management skills and school agility; perception management is identified as a meaningful predictor of school agility. Recommendations based on the research findings have been provided.Keywords: Perception, perception management, agile school, organizational agility, speed, technology, organizational flexibilit

FcMgv1, FcStuA AND FcVeA based genetic characterization in fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith)

Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) leads to economic losses in wheat and barley fields in Turkey as well as in many countries worldwide as a result of head blight and crown rot diseases. In this study, in vitro growth capacity of 33 F. culmorum isolates originating from Turkey and the relationship between phenotypic and genetic characteristics obtained based on similarities of FcMgv1, FcStuA and FcVeA genes were investigated. Linear growth rate values were recorded at 4th and 7th days of incubation. The mean linear growth rate values ranged from 7.58±1.06 to 14.7±1.26mm/day. The isolates F2 and 18F with relatively high linear growth values and the isolates 12F and F19 with relatively low linear growth values, were selected to be used in multiloci based genotyping analysis. FcMgv1, FcStuA and FcVeA genes were amplified in lengths of 1733, 2001 and 1898bp, respectively. The genes were sequenced, aligned and then subjected to BLASTn and to maximum likelihood topology analysis. Nucleotide sequence of each gene showed maximum hit with associated genes deposited in NCBI with 0.0-0.0 Evalues and 1188 to 3256 bit scores. Alignment analysis resulted in at least 89% bootstrap support. Moreover, isolates with similar linear growth rates were co-clustered in phylogenetic analysis. The findings obtained in this study showed that the three genes which are essential for fungal survival could be used in genetic characterization analysis and in revealing the associations between their genetic and phenotypic characteristics.Dünya çapında pek çok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) başak yanıklığı ve kök çürüklüğü hastalıkları ile arpa ve buğday tarım alanlarında ekonomik kayıplara yol açar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’den köken alan 33 F. culmorum izolatının in vitro büyüme kapasitesi ile FcMgv1, FcStuA ve FcVeA genetik benzerliği aracılığı ile elde edilen fenotipik ve genetik karakterlerin ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Doğrusal büyüme oranı değerleri inkübasyonun 4. ve 7. günlerinde kaydedilmiştir. Ortalama doğrusal büyüme oranlarının 7,58±1.06 ve 14,7±1.26mm/gün arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Göreceli olarak yüksek LGR değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenen F2 ile 18F izolatları ile göreceli olarak düşük LGR değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenen 12F ve F19 izolatları multilokus temelli genotiplendirme analizlerinde kullanılmak üzere seçilmiştir. FcMgv1, FcStuA ve FcVeA genlerine ait sırasıyla 1733, 2001 ve 1898bç ürünler elde edilmiştir. Genler dizilenmiş, bir araya getirilmiş ve BLASTn ile maksimum olasılık topoloji analizi yapılmıştır. Her bir genin nükleotid dizisi NCBI'da 0,0-0,0 Edeğeri ve 1188-3256 arası bit skoru vermiştir. Hizalama analizi en az %89 ön yükleme değeri ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, benzer büyüme oranına sahip izolatlar filogenetik analizlerde aynı alt kümede yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, fungal yaşam için gerekli olan bu üç genin, genetik karakterizasyonda ve fenotipik ve genotipik özellikleri arasında ilişki kurulmasında kullanılabileceğini ortaya konmuştur

Effect of antenatal class attendance on fear of childbirth and antenatal stress

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of attending antenatal classes on fear of childbirth and antenatal stress in nulliparous pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 133 nulliparous pregnant women participated in the study, which had a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected by a descriptive data form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire, and the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory (APSI). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between antenatal class attendance and having a high schooling level and an intended pregnancy (p < 0.05). The mean fear of childbirthscore of pregnant women was 85.50 ± 19.41 before the training and 76.32 ± 20.52 after the training, and the difference between these scores was significant (p < 0.01). Fear of childbirth scores were not significantly different between the intervention group and the control group. The mean APSI score of pregnant women in the intervention group was 22.32 ± 6.12 before the training and 21.79 ± 5.97 after the training. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.70). CONCLUSION: The fear of childbirth score decreased significantly in the intervention group after the training