Establishing Business Collaboration between Contractors and Developers Based on Management Information System

The relationship between developers and contractors can change to a strategic business collaboration based on Management Information System (MIS). The purpose of this paper is to show how to establish this strategic collaboration through an efficient information circulating mode based on MIS. The paper interprets the extent and the importance of information in projects, and puts forward a collaboration mode of information circulating. This mode is feasible taking into consideration both the technological and economic aspects. The strategic business collaboration could help contractors and developers reduce project costs and increase competence. As a result of the study, the conceptual model of the collaboration mode through Internet and MIS is presented. Key words: business collaboration, construction industry, Management Information System (MIS) Résumé: La relation entre les exploitants et entrepreneurs peut se changer en collaboration commerciale stratégique basée sur le Système d’Information de Management( SIM). Cet essai vise à démontrer comment établir cette collaboration stratégique par un mode de circulation efficace des informations fondé sur le SIM. L’article interprère l’ampleur et l’importance des informations dans les projets, et met en avance un mode de collaboration de la circulation des informations. Prenant en considération les aspects technologique et économique, ce mode est faisable. La collaboration commerciale stratégique pourrait aider les entrepreneurs et exploitants à réduire le coût du projet et élever la compétence. Comme le résultat de l’étude, le modèle de conception du mode de collaboration par Internet et SIM est présenté. Mots-Clés: collaboration commerciale, industrie de construction, Système d’Information de Management (SIM

Incompatibility of Observables as State-Independent Bound of Uncertainty Relations

For a pair of observables, they are called "incompatible", if and only if the commutator between them does not vanish, which represents one of the key features in quantum mechanics. The question is, how can we characterize the incompatibility among three or more observables? Here we explore one possible route towards this goal through Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, which impose fundamental constraints on the measurement precisions for incompatible observables. Specifically, we quantify the incompatibility by the optimal state-independent bounds of additive variance-based uncertainty relations. In this way, the degree of incompatibility becomes an intrinsic property among the operators, but not on the quantum state. To justify our case, we focus on the incompatibility of spin systems. For an arbitrary setting of two or three linearly-independent Pauli-spin operators, the incompatibility is analytically solved, the spins are maximally incompatible if and only if they are orthogonal to each other. On the other hand, the measure of incompatibility represents a versatile tool for applications such as testing entanglement of bipartite states, and EPR-steering criteria.Comment: Comments are welcom

Preparation and Characterization of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Tizanidine Hydrochloride for Spinal Injuries

Purpose: To formulate matrix type sustained-release (SR) tablets of tizanidine hydrochloride (TH) for prolonged drug release and improvement in motor activity after spinal injuries.Methods: Matrix tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method using four polymers (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose [HPMC] K 100, ethyl cellulose [EC], guar gum, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and characterized for hardness, friability, drug content, swelling, weight variation, in vitro drug release, and in vivo motor function activity using the spinal injury rat model.Results: All tablets showed good drug content, hardness, and other physicochemical properties. The tablet formulations showed a percent drug release ranging from 92.54 ± 1.02 to 98.56 ± 1.26 % at the end of 12 h. Using the spinal injury rat model, negative control had a motor activity of only 12.75 %, while F4 (containing HPMC, EC, and PVP) and F5 (containing EC, guar gum, and PVP) had motor activities of 62.25% and 57.5%, respectively, compared with 68.0 % for normal controls.Conclusion: SR matrix tablets of TH showed significant improvement in motor activity in post-traumatic spinal injury rat model.Keywords: Sustained release tablet, Spinal injuries, Matrix tablet, Tizanidine hydrochlorid

Age Differences in Consumer Financial Capability

The purpose of this study is to examine age differences in financial capability. Financial capability is measured by five variables: objective financial literacy, subjective financial literacy, desirable financial behavior, perceived financial capability, and a financial capability index. Financial capability is expected to increase with age. Specifically, we expect older consumers to demonstrate higher levels of both objective and subjective financial literacy, more desirable financial behaviors, a higher level of perceived financial capability, and a higher score on the financial capability index. Data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study in the U.S. was used to examine the associations between age groups and financial capability variables. One-way ANOVAs were used to examine age differences in financial capability variables. Then multiple regressions were used to examine age differences after controlling for socio-demographic and financial variables. The results indicated that age differences in four financial capability variables showed similar patterns. Young adults aged 18-24 had the lowest scores on objective financial literacy, subjective financial literacy, perceived financial capability, and the financial capability index. The results have implications for consumer educators to provide effective financial education for all age groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Conditional HI mass functions and the HI-to-halo mass relation in the local Universe

We present a new HI mass estimator which relates the HI-to-stellar mass ratio to four galaxy properties: stellar surface mass density, color index $u-r$, stellar mass and concentration index, with the scatter of individual galaxies around the mean HI mass modeled with a Gaussian distribution. We calibrate the estimator using the xGASS sample, including both HI detection and non-detection, and constrain the model parameters through Bayesian inferences. Tests with mock catalogs demonstrate that our estimator provides unbiased HI masses for optical samples like the SDSS, thus suitable for statistical studies of HI gas contents in galaxies and dark matter halos. We apply our estimator to the SDSS spectroscopic sample to estimate the local HI mass function (HIMF), the conditional HI mass function (CHIMF) in galaxy groups and the HI-halo mass (HIHM) relation. Our HIMF agrees with the ALFALFA measurements at $M_{HI}\gtrsim 5\times 10^9M_{\odot}$, but with higher amplitude and a steeper slope at lower masses. We show that this discrepancy is caused primarily by the cosmic variance which is corrected for the SDSS sample but not for the ALFALFA. The CHIMFs for all halo masses can be described by a single Schechter function, and this is true for red, blue and satellite galaxies. For central galaxies the CHIMFs show a double-Gaussian profile, with the two components contributed by the red and blue galaxies, respectively. The total HI mass in a group increases monotonically with halo mass. The HI mass of central galaxies in galaxy groups increases rapidly with halo mass only at $M_h\lesssim10^{12}M_{\odot}$, while the mass dependence becomes much weaker at higher halo masses. The observed HI-halo mass relation is not reproduced by current hydrodynamic simulations and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation.Comment: 10 figures, 2 tables, published in ApJ. $\mathbf{Note}$ : The version published in ApJ has a typo. In the last paragraph of section 3.2, the maximum posterior value of c_a should be c_a = 0.10 \pm 0.08, not c_a = 0.16 \pm 0.1