A Case Study for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Professional Development Training in Untact Era: Focusing on Official Development Assistance Project in Botswana

The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the TVET professional development training, which was planned to be carried out in a face-to-face manner. This study aims to examine TVET professional development training based on the ADDIE model and provide implications for ODA and TVET professional development training in the post-COVID era. In this case study, a TVET training program for Botswana was developed based on the ADDIE model in an untact environment. Accordingly, the performance activities for each phase of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation were analyzed, and based on this, implications for ODA and TVET were provided. This study identified the applicability of non-face-to-face education in the ODA project. Also, this study explored how to develop systematic and dimensional programs based on the ADDIE model in a non-face-to-face manner. In addition, sustainability could be secured through cooperative partnerships between donor and beneficiary countries from the perspective of SDGs Goal

Examining Training Performance of TVET Trainers With/Without TVET Certificate in the Republic of Korea

TTVET trainer plays an important role in ensuring the quality of TVET.  TVET Trainer certificate can function as a signal to show the level of their teaching and learning competency. However, only some trainers have TVET trainer certificate. The importance of the role of TVET trainer certificate has recently been emphasized in the Republic of Korea. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the TVET trainers with/without certificate on the training performance. Independent t-tests were conducted to examine the impacts of the trainers on the training performance such as academic achievement, satisfaction level, employment rate and completion rate of trainees. The results showed that TVET trainers with certificate (TWC) tended to be higher in satisfaction level, employment rate, completion rate and academic achievement than TWOCs. On the other hand, the completion rate of trainees learned from TWCs was lower than the result of TWOCs. Based on the results, suggestions for the quality improvement of TVET trainers are discussed

University Curriculum Development and Management Based on Korean National Competency Standards: A Case Study

Recently, the Korean government has been making various policy efforts to resolve the mismatch college education reflecting industry needs. Among them, the National Competency Standards (NCS) that sought to systematize the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to perform jobs at different levels were developed. To date, NCS is leading to a shift in the curriculum of high schools, colleges, and public and private vocational training institutions. The K University was the first university to develop and manage an NCS based curriculum. This study analyses the cases of NCS based curriculum development and management of K university in Korea through cases study method. As a result of this study, K university developed NCS based curriculum at nine levels and managed systematically by introducing plan, do & check, Act. This means that K university has increased its efforts to better reflect the needs of the industry in the curriculum. By benchmarking the case of The K University’s NCS based curriculum development and management process, this study explores the possibility of applying NCS to college education, providing guidance and implications for overseas universities hoping to develop and introduce NCS based curriculum

Better oral hygiene is associated with a reduced risk of cataract: A nationwide cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors with cataract occurrence longitudinally.Materials and methodsBased on the National Health Screening cohort database of Korea, participants who underwent oral health screening by dentists in 2003 were included. Cataract was defined as two or more claims of disease classification for the International Classification of Diseases-10 (E10.34, E11.34, E12.34, E13.34, E14.34, H25, and H26) with cataract specific treatment or surgery procedure claim codes. The occurrence of cataract was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, caries, tooth brushing, and dental scaling.ResultsOverall, 103,619 subjects were included. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, cataract developed in 12,114 (11.7%) participants. Poor oral health status such as the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.99–1.17, p = 0.088) and increased number of missing teeth (adjusted HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.55–1.96, p < 0.001) was associated with the increased cataract risk. Better oral hygiene behaviors such as increased frequency of tooth brushing (adjusted HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.88, p < 0.001) and performed dental scaling within 1 year (adjusted HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with cataract occurrence.ConclusionPeriodontitis and increased number of missing teeth may increase the risk of cataract. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may reduce the risk of future cataract occurrence. Further studies should be performed to confirm the association between chronic oral inflammation and cataract

Better oral hygiene is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture: a nationwide cohort study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between oral health parameters and osteoporotic fracture.MethodsThe study included participants who received oral health screening by dentists from the National Health Screening cohort database of Korea between 2003 and 2006. The primary outcome was osteoporotic fracture occurrence, which was defined using specific international classification of diseases-10 codes; vertebral fracture (S22.0, S22.1, S32.0, S32.7, T08, M48.4, M48.5, and M49.5), hip fracture (S72.0 and S72.1), distal radius fracture (S52.5 and S52.6), and humerus fracture (S42.2 and S42.3). The presence of periodontitis and various oral health examination findings, such as missing teeth, caries, frequency of tooth brushing, and dental scaling, were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model to assess their association with osteoporotic fracture occurrence.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 194,192 participants, among whom 16,683 (8.59%) developed osteoporotic fracture during a median follow-up of 10.3 years. Poor oral health status, including periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.18, p = 0.039), a higher number of missing teeth (≥15; aHR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.45–1.75, p < 0.001), and dental caries (≥6; aHR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02–1.35, p = 0.030), was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. On the other hand, better oral hygiene behaviors such as brushing teeth frequently (≥3 times per day; aHR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78–0.86, p < 0.001) and having dental scaling within 1 year (aHR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84–0.90, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with the occurrence of osteoporotic fracture.ConclusionThe study found that poor oral health, such as periodontitis, missing teeth, and dental caries, was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. Conversely, good oral hygiene behaviors like frequent teeth brushing and dental scaling within 1 year were associated with a reduced risk. Further research is needed to confirm this association

Further Training Needs for TVET Trainers: Lessons From a National Survey on Rwandan TVET Trainers' Instructional Competencies

Recently the Republic of Rwanda has expanded the national TVET system in response to the country's growing need for a skilled youth population. However, policymakers have generally overlooked that the quality of the TVET system as a whole largely depends on the quality of TVET trainers. Recognising this lack, we conducted a national survey on TVET trainer's instructional competencies to gather information about the current status of TVET trainers' teaching quality. Additionally, after operating a pilot training program for TVET trainers at the RTTI, the national training institution for TVET trainers, we executed the same survey to the training participants to examine their instructional competencies. Then we compared its results in comparison to the results attained from the national survey. All assessments were done by measuring TVET trainers' and students' perceptions of TVET trainers' teaching behaviors. This research represents the first efforts to understand the current level of TVET trainers' teaching skills in Rwanda. Also, the survey results of the teaching behaviors of TVET trainers who received the training indicated the positive effect of the training. Implications of this research at the individual (trainers), institutional, and national levels are discussed at the end

Better Oral Hygiene Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Meniere’s Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

To investigate the association of the oral health parameters with Meniere’s disease in a nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort database. The data of the participants who underwent an oral health screening by dentists in 2003 (n = 2,415,963) were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The main outcome was the occurrence of Meniere’s disease, defined as two or more claims of the diagnostic code H810 with a previous audiometric examination. The occurrence of Meniere’s disease was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and the oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, the frequency of tooth brushing and dental scaling. Overall, the analysis included 2,240,282 participants. During a median follow-up of 16.7 years, Meniere’s disease developed in 112,106 (5.0%) participants. Poor oral health status was characterized by the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.22, p p p p = 0.003) were negatively associated with the occurrence of Meniere’s disease. The presence of periodontitis and an increased number of missing teeth may augment the risk of the occurrence of Meniere’s disease. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may be associated with a decreased risk of Meniere’s disease. Further studies should confirm the association between oral health and Meniere’s disease

Data_Sheet_1_Better oral hygiene is associated with a reduced risk of cataract: A nationwide cohort study.docx

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors with cataract occurrence longitudinally.Materials and methodsBased on the National Health Screening cohort database of Korea, participants who underwent oral health screening by dentists in 2003 were included. Cataract was defined as two or more claims of disease classification for the International Classification of Diseases-10 (E10.34, E11.34, E12.34, E13.34, E14.34, H25, and H26) with cataract specific treatment or surgery procedure claim codes. The occurrence of cataract was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, caries, tooth brushing, and dental scaling.ResultsOverall, 103,619 subjects were included. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, cataract developed in 12,114 (11.7%) participants. Poor oral health status such as the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.99–1.17, p = 0.088) and increased number of missing teeth (adjusted HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.55–1.96, p ConclusionPeriodontitis and increased number of missing teeth may increase the risk of cataract. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may reduce the risk of future cataract occurrence. Further studies should be performed to confirm the association between chronic oral inflammation and cataract.</p

Red Ginseng Treatment for Two Weeks Promotes Fat Metabolism during Exercise in Mice

PURPOSE: Red ginseng (RG) has been reported to improve the blood and organ lipid profile when combined with exercise. However, the effect of RG on energy metabolism during exercise is poorly understood. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether RG treatment alters fat utilization during exercise; METHODS: We used seven-week-old ICR mice (n = 42). RG (1 g/kg) was administered orally daily during two weeks of endurance training. All mice were randomized into two groups: training only group (CON group) and training with RG group (RG group). Endurance training consisted of 20~25 m/min on a slope of 8° for one hour five times a week. After a two-week experimental period, we measured substrate utilization during exercise at the same intensity and duration of training using a respiratory calorimetry chamber. Mice were dissected for glycogen measurement of muscles and liver before, immediately after, and one hour after the exercise; RESULT: Fat oxidation during the initial 20 min of the one-hour exercise significantly increased in the RG group compared to the CON group. In addition, the liver glycogen stores significantly decreased immediately after the one-hour exercise compared to at rest in the RG group, but did not differ between immediately after the one-hour exercise and at rest in the RG group. The glycogen concentration in white and red gastrocnemius muscle did not differ between the groups immediately after the one-hour exercise; CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that RG treatment for two weeks promotes fat oxidation and a glycogen-sparing effect during exercise. This might lead to a delay in peripheral fatigue during endurance exercise performance