Persepsi Dan Sikap Masyarakat Desa Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Tentang Melahirkan

Pendahuluan: Di masyarakat Timor (dan juga wilayah NTT lainnya), terdapat kebiasaan pada ibu yang setelah melahirkan yaitu selama masa nifas 40 hari (Sei) memanaskan bagian luar jalan lahir dengan asap dalam rumah adat. Kebiasaan ini dilakukan di hampir seluruh tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat ekonomi masyarakat, dan mereka menjalaninya dengan sungguh-sungguh. Kebiasaan ini dapat berakibat buruk terhadap kesehatan seperti gangguan saluran pernafasan sampai gangguan fungsi paru, terutama terhadap ibu dan bayi yang dilahirkannya. Tujuan: Studi ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh tradisi ini terhadap kesehatan terutama kejadian kesakitan ibu dan bayi, serta hubungannya dengan kematian bayi. Metode: Informasi dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dengan ibu yang baru melahirkan dalam kurun waktu satu tahun terakhir yang ada di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) sebanyak 230 orang yang diambil secara random. Hasil: Ada ‟nilai-nilai‟ yang melekat pada tradisi Sei yang membentuk simbol persekutuan manifestasi dari tali persaudaraan diantara anggota keluarga. Keadaan kualitas udara dalam rumah lopo yang tidak memenuhi syarat menyebabkan adanya gangguan saluran pernapasan terutama pada ibu dan bayi yang melakukan tradisi Sei. Gangguan kesehatan pada ibu dan bayi akibat keadaan kualitas udara dalam ume kbubu yang tidak memenuhi syarat dapat menjadi lebih parah dengan adanya kepercayaan ‟pantangan ‟ mengkonsumsi makanan tertentu pada ibu serta minimnya asupan jenis makanan pada ibu. Kesimpulan: Sehingga perlu dilakukan penyuluhan pada masyarakat mengenai efek dari tradisi Sei. Juga perlu dilakukan intervensi pada rumah bulat (ume kbubu) menjadi “RUMAH BULAT SEHAT‟

Gambaran Status Kesehatan Penduduk Di Daerah Perbatasan

The border region is a regional / geographic region associated with neighboring countries, withpeople living in this region united by ties of socio-economic and socio-cultural scope of a particularadministrative region after an agreement between states that border. Community health status can beknown of the status or disease morbidity, mortality or death status of the population or the nutritional statusof residents in the community. The health status of people living in border regions is expected to remainvery low when compared with other regions. Based on the data, Riskesdas 2007, data SUSENAS 2007, anddata Podes 2008, doing research to find out the picture of the health status of populations in border areas.This review is expected to be used by policy makers and the improvement of data base that affect the healthstatus of people residing in border areas. Total Samples 19 district border area. Sample population living inborder areas in 19 district : district Natuna, district Kupang, TTU, Belu, Sambas, Sanggau, Sintang, KapuasHulu, Bengkayang, Kutai Barat, Malinau, Nunukan, Kep. Talaud, North Halmahera, Jayapura, Merauke,Pegunungan Bintang, Boven Digoel and Keerom. Nutritional status of children of weight for age (27.1%),height for age (43.5%) and weight for height (16.2%) and this condition is still high compared with otherregions. Complete immunization coverage (44.2%) and neonatal visits to health care workers (KN1: 40%and KN2: 23.5%) were still low when compared with other regions. The scope of delivery by trained healthaides (48%) is still very low when compared with other regions. Instead exclusive breastfeeding (45.1%)better than other regions. Coverage of Ante Natal Care (Kl: 76.1%) is quite high compared to otherregions. The prevalence of infectious diseases / communicable still high in the Border region from otherregions. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases including mental disorders in the areas mostDisadvantaged from other regions. The prevalence of underweight in adults is quite high compared to otherregions. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity is still low compared with other regions.Environmental health status is poor 1 low (household access to clean water: 48.6%, household accesslatrine: 29.9%, density of occupancy: 75.9%, and the ground floor: 83.1%) when compared with otherregions . In the border areas, the ratio of doctors (17.4/100 000 population) below average, and the ratio ofdentists (4.8/100 000 population), manteri ratio of health personnel (55.6/100 000 population) aboveaverage, even midwife ratio (76.4/100 000 population) is more than twice the national average, but stilldoes not reach the target INA 2010, 100/100, 000. May be required as follows: more specific policies areneeded to improve the health of people living in border areas (DTPK), need special attention to reduce theincidence of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the construction of health institutions in each region/city orhospital or border health center. Policies should be specialized in health workers and even a doctor to theborder area

Manajemen Pemantauan Wilayah Setempat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (Pws-kia) Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat Tahun 2007

System of local area monitoring for maternal and child health is a management tool on maternal and child health program in order to monitor coverages of the maternal and child health services in a work area continuously executing promt and right action in work areas with low coverages of the services since 1990's. The general objective of the study was to determine system of local area monitoring for maternal and child health to achieve surveillance system of child life expectancy in Sukabumi District. Data were collected by in-depth interview to health staffs: coordinator midwives, heads of health centers and focus group discussion among village midwives. Activities of the maternal and child health program in Sukabumi District were conducted well. The local area monitoring for maternal and child health were also conducted but there were obstacles as lack of midwives in some health centers and villages. The other obstacles were difficult geographic areas, limited heath staffs either in health centers or in villages. There were many health staffs having double duties. Some midwives did have not enough instruments and training on maternal and child health, either. But there were resources as community, community participation, high other sectors partnership. Besides the roles of traditional birth attendants were still high. It suggested addition of midwives in villages by midwife contract program or prioritizing midwife academies for children or grandchildren of traditional birth attendants, conduct training on maternal and child health program or local area monitoring for maternal and child health in new villages, equip enough instruments and infrastructures for midwives in villages, conduct refreshing on maternal and child health program and also local area monitoring for health center coordinator midwives

Angka Kematian Di Berbagai Propinsi Di Indonesia (Data Riskesdas 2007)

Mortality rate is sensitive indicator for evaluation of health program. The mortality data could befound by many methods, one of them is by using Riskesdas data 2007. Thru the Riskesdas mortality data was collected from households with the period of one year before the Riskesdas implementation. Mortality rate could be counted by using indirect method thru child still live and died child by categories of mother age stated in Susenas data 2007. By direct method, it can be stated that crude death rate of Indonesia in general is 4.6 per mil, 5.3 per mil for men and 3.9 for women, then, infant mortality rate is 22 per mil. By using indirect method, it can be found that mortality rate for child under five year-old is 41 per mil. The finding of this analysis: there is linier causal between crude death rate and ratio of public health center by 100,000 people, but is not significant by hospital, medics and non medics. Variation of mortality rate by provinces can't be described by ratio health facility, but increasing the ratio of public health center by population is to improve reporting event of mortality

An Exploration of Cultural Perception and Communities Behaviour Related to Mortality: a Qualitative Study of Communities in Solo and Pekalongan, Central Java Province

Mortality data and understanding death patterns are considered to be essential for developing evidence-based health policy. This article is a qualitative research, examines current cultural perceptions of death in Indonesia that include a prominent and sensitive belief that emerged at the time of mourning/loss in Solo City and Pekalongan District, Central Java Province. The data collection was done by Focus group discussions (FGDs) with mosque officials, local health workers, local midwives, and staff of the community council, local school teachers, and local business people. Semi-structured interviews (SSIs) are conducted with key informants of bereaved and non-bereaved household. Also observation of the local economy and community activity patterns, modes of subsistence, cultural beliefs. The study revealed thatdeath notification and activities subsequent to a death fall into two parallel domains, the religious and the secular. Beliefs in the afterlife and the imperative of a speedy burial, with all that this implies in terms of treatment and disposal of the corpse, belong to the religious domain. The procedure for obtaining a death certificate occurs in a juridical framework also as the driving force to meet the needs of data on causes of death, acquire legal and financial arrangements associated with the death of household members, for example for inheritance issues. A further issue of interest was the timing of the verbal autopsy (VA). Ideally the VA should occur in the home of the deceased's family within 7-30 days after the death, and be conducted by a health official possibly accompanied by an office-bearing member of the local community. Coordination between all parties involved in the treatment of death is quite feasible

Pelaksanaan Kebijaksanaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Gratis Bagi Keluarga Miskin (Gakin) di Rumah Sakit Pemerintahan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT): Studi Kasus di RSUD Prof Dr Wz Johannes Kupang dan RSUD Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

In accordance to the prompt 100 days Program of the "Kabinet Bersatu" government as to improve the quantity and quality of medical staffs, to develop health insurance for poor families, and to improve basic health services; this study aimed to determme free health services for poor families at class 3 public hospitals. It was a survei conducted in 2 public hospitals, Province Hospital Prof. Dr WZ Johannes in Kupang District and District Hospital of Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District in SoE in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province. Data were collected by interview to poor and non poor families who ever or bemg seeking treatment to and poor families who never seeking treatment to the public hospttals and also by depth interview to the director and staffs of the hospitals. Depth interview on health or poor cards were done in two health centers in Kupang and TTS Districts, respectively. Results showed that there were still lack of medical doctors, no difference satisfaction for class III patients either who used poor or non poor facilities in both public hospitals, budget for free services in the hospitals was largely deficit so the medic and paramedic staffs did not receive medical fees, and also presence poor families who did not know the advantages of healthy cards to receive free health services at class III public hospitals. For optimal services, it is a need to develop new policy on recruitment and placement of medic and paramedic staffs, including to determine district capabilities in providing insentives, and also community demands for health staffs. And it is a need to provide medical fees for service to poor families to maintain quality of health services in long period

Mortality in Central Java: results from the indonesian mortality registration system strengthening project

Background. Mortality statistics from death registration systems are essential for health policy and development. Indonesia has recently mandated compulsory death registration across the entire country in December 2006. This article describes the methods and results from activities to ascertain causes of registered deaths in two pilot registration areas in Central Java during 2006-2007. The methods involved several steps, starting with adaptation of international standards for reporting causes of registered deaths for implementation in two sites, Surakarta (urban) and Pekalongan (rural). Causes for hospital deaths were certified by attending physicians. Verbal autopsies were used for home deaths. Underlying causes were coded using ICD-10. Completeness of registration was assessed in a sample of villages and urban wards by triangulating data from the health sector, the civil registration system, and an independent household survey. Finally, summary mortality indicators and cause of death rankings were developed for each site. Findings. A total of 10,038 deaths were registered in the two sites during 2006-2007; yielding annual crude death rates of 5.9 to 6.8 per 1000. Data completeness was higher in rural areas (72.5%) as compared to urban areas (52%). Adjusted life expectancies at birth were higher for both males and females in the urban population as compared to the rural population. Stroke, ischaemic heart disease and chronic respiratory disease are prominent causes in both populations. Other important causes are diabetes and cancer in urban areas; and tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases in rural areas. Conclusions. Non-communicable diseases cause a significant proportion of premature mortality in Central Java. Implementing cause of death reporting in conjunction with death registration appears feasible in Indonesia. Better collaboration between health and registration sectors is required to improve data quality. These are the first local mortality measures for health policy and monitoring in Indonesia. Strong demand for data from different stakeholders can stimulate further strengthening of mortality registration systems

Prestasi Belajar Murid pada Tiga Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Gondok Endemik Kecamatan Kandangan, Propinsi Jawa Tengah

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kaitan antara tingkat gondok endemik dengan prestasi belajar anak (yang meliputi prestasi belajar matematika dan prestasi gabungan) dari nilai rapor catur wulan II tahun ajaran 1991, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar murid-murid sekolah dasar di daerah gondok endemik, yang meliputi minat belajar anak jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat dalam menyumbangkan informasi tentang faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar murid sekolah dasar di daerah gondok endemik, sehingga dapat bermanfaat untuk pembinaan dan perbaikan program kesehatan, khususnya program GAKI