The influence of emotions on trust in ethical decision making

This paper attempts to delineate the interaction between trust, emotion, and ethical decision making. The authors first propose that trust can either incite an individual toward ethical decisions or drag him or her away from ethical decisions, depending on different situations. The authors then postulate that the feeling of guilt is central in understanding how trust affects the ethical decision making process. Several propositions based on these assumptions are introduced and implications for practice discussed

When emotional intelligence affects peoples' perception of trustworthiness

By adopting social exchange theory and the affect-infusion-model, the hypothesis is made that emotional intelligence (EI) will have an impact on three perceptions of trustworthiness – ability, integrity and benevolence – at the beginning of a relationship. It was also hypothesized that additional information would gradually displace EI in forming the above perceptions. The results reveal that EI initially does not contribute to any of the perceptions of trustworthiness. As more information is revealed EI has an impact on the perception of benevolence, but not on the perceptions of ability and integrity. This impact was observed to be negative when the nature of the information was negative. On the other hand, information alone was shown to have a significant impact on the perceptions of ability and integrity, but not on the perception of benevolence. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are addressed

How betrayal affects emotions and subsequent trust

This article investigates the impact of different emotions on trust decisions taking into account the experience of betrayal. Thus, an experiment was created that included one betrayal group and one control group. Participants in the betrayal group experienced more intense feelings governed by negative emotions than participants in the control group did. Moreover, participants in the betrayal group significantly lowered their trust of another stranger. On the other hand, we found some evidence that neuroticism exaggerated the relationship between experienced betrayal and subsequent trust

The impact of emotions on trust decisions

Researchers have recognized that interpersonal trust consists of different dimensions. These dimensions suggest that trust can be rational, cognitive, or affective. Affect, which includes moods and emotions, is likely to have a direct impact on the affective dimension. On the other hand, there are also studies showing that affect indirectly influence cognitive judgments. Nonetheless, in this chapter we argue that the impact of affect on judgment will not be the same on all individuals. In effect, the impact varies, depending on the individual's attention to affect, motivation to use or guard against affect, or regulation of affect. All this may suggest that an individual's abilities or tendencies to manage affect will have implication on his or her trust relationships with others

The influence of emotions on trust in experienced betrayal situations

Paper presented at The Asian Pacific Economic Science Association annual meeting, Kuala Lumpur, February 2011This article investigates the impact of different emotions on trust decisions taking the experience of betrayal into account. Thus, an experiment was created which included one betrayal group and one control group. Participants in the betrayal group experienced more intense feelings governed by negative emotions than participants in the control group did. Moreover, participants in the betrayal group significantly lowered their trusts in another stranger. In addition, our results indicated that the feeling of shame in connection with an experienced betrayal was linked to an individual’s lowering of his or her subsequent trust levels. On the other hand, we found some evidence that emotional intelligence (the use-of-emotions) attenuated the relationship between experienced betrayal and subsequent trust whereas neuroticism exaggerated this relationship

From God's home to people's house: Property struggles of church redevelopment

Religious organizations participate in urban redevelopment in various ways including redeveloping their churches. While the literature has attempted to explain church redevelopment from different perspectives, what has often been forgotten is the fundamental characteristic of churches as property in cities. Drawing on the established scholarship of legal geography, this article argues that the lens of property relations offers an insightful framework to examine church redevelopment. By presenting a case study in Hong Kong, this article unpacks the property struggles of church redevelopment to examine how that resulted from the conflicting property claims and why these claims emerged. This article contrasts and analyzes the religious and market-driven values underlying these claims in the context of a property-led society like Hong Kong. To understand how urban churches transform from God’s home to people’s house, it is necessary to recognize the diverse readings of property. In so doing, this article invites scholars to re-conceptualize urban struggles from the property lens

Paediatric/young versus adult patients with long QT syndrome

Introduction Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a less prevalent cardiac ion channelopathy than Brugada syndrome in Asia. The present study compared the outcomes between paediatric/young and adult LQTS patients. Methods This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with LQTS attending public hospitals in Hong Kong. The primary outcome was spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Results A total of 142 LQTS (mean onset age=27±23 years old) were included. Arrhythmias other than VT/VF (HR 4.67, 95% CI (1.53 to 14.3), p=0.007), initial VT/VF (HR=3.25 (95% CI 1.29 to 8.16), p=0.012) and Schwartz score (HR=1.90 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.26), p=0.020) were predictive of the primary outcome for the overall cohort, while arrhythmias other than VT/VF (HR=5.41 (95% CI 1.36 to 21.4), p=0.016) and Schwartz score (HR=4.67 (95% CI 1.48 to 14.7), p=0.009) were predictive for the adult subgroup (>25 years old; n=58). A random survival forest model identified initial VT/VF, Schwartz score, initial QTc interval, family history of LQTS, initially asymptomatic and arrhythmias other than VT/VF as the most important variables for risk prediction. Conclusion Clinical and ECG presentation varies between the paediatric/young and adult LQTS population. Machine learning models achieved more accurate VT/VF prediction

Attendance-related healthcare resource utilisation and costs in patients with Brugada Syndrome in Hong Kong: A retrospective cohort study.

Understanding healthcare resource utilisation and its associated costs are important for identifying areas of improvement regarding resource allocations. However, there is limited research exploring this issue in the setting of Brugada syndrome (BrS). This was a retrospective territory-wide study of BrS patients from Hong Kong. Healthcare resource utilisation for accident and emergency (A&E), inpatient and specialist outpatient attendances were analysed over a 19-year period, with their associated costs presented in US dollars. A total of 507 BrS patients with a mean presentation age of 49.9 ± 16.3 years old were included. Of these, 384 patients displayed spontaneous type 1 electrocardiographic (ECG) Brugada pattern and 77 patients had presented with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). At the individual patient level, the median annualised costs were 110 (52-224) at the (A&E) setting, 6812 (1982-32414) at the inpatient setting and $557 (326-1001) for specialist outpatient attendances. Patients with initial VT/VF presentation had overall greater costs in inpatient ($20161 [9147-189215] vs. $5290 [1613-24937],p<0.0001) and specialist outpatient setting ($776 [438-1076] vs. $542 [293-972],p=0.015) compared to those who did not present VT. In addition, patients without Type 1 ECG pattern had greater median costs in the specialist outpatient setting ($7036 [3136-14378] vs. $4895 [2409-10554],p=0.019). There is a greater healthcare demand in the inpatient and specialist outpatient settings for BrS patients. The most expensive attendance type was inpatient setting stay at$6812 per year. The total median annualised cost of BrS patients without VT/VF presentation was 78% lower compared to patients with VT/VF presentation. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparing the performance of published risk scores in Brugada syndrome: a multi-center cohort study.

The management of Brugada Syndrome (BrS) patients at intermediate risk of arrhythmic events remains controversial. The present study evaluated the predictive performance of different risk scores in an Asian BrS population and its intermediate risk subgroup. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients diagnosed with BrS from January 1 , 1997 to June 20 , 2020 from Hong Kong. The primary outcome is sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Two novel risk risk scores and seven machine learning-based models (random survival forest, Ada boost classifier, Gaussian naïve Bayes, light gradient boosting machine, random forest classifier, gradient boosting classifier and decision tree classifier) were developed. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) [95% confidence intervals] was compared between the different models. This study included 548 consecutive BrS patients (7% female, age at diagnosis: 50±16 years, follow-up: 84±55 months). For the whole cohort, the score developed by Sieira et al. showed the best performance (AUC: 0.806 [0.747-0.865]). A novel risk score was developed using the Sieira score and additional variables significant on univariable Cox regression (AUC: 0.855 [0.808-0.901]). A simpler score based on non-invasive results only showed a statistically comparable AUC (0.784 [0.724-0.845]), improved using random survival forests (AUC: 0.942 [0.913-0.964]). For the intermediate risk subgroup (N=274), a gradient boosting classifier model showed the best performance (AUC: 0.814 [0.791-0.832]). A simple risk score based on clinical and electrocardiographic variables showed a good performance for predicting VT/VF, improved using machine learning. Abstract: The management of Brugada Syndrome (BrS) patients at intermediate risk of arrhythmic events remains controversial. This study evaluated the predictive performance of published risk scores in a cohort of BrS patients from Hong Kong (N=548) and its intermediate risk subgroup (N=274). A novel risk score developed by modifying the best performing existing score (by. Sieira et al.) showed an area under the curve of 0.855 and 0.760 for the whole BrS cohort and the intermediate risk subgroup, respectively. The performance of the different scores was significantly improved machine learning-based methods, such as random survival forests and gradient boosting classifier. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia risk in paediatric/young vs. adult Brugada syndrome patients: a territory-wide study

Introduction: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac ion channelopathy with a higher prevalence in Asia compared to the Western populations. The present study compared the differences in clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) presentation between paediatric/young (≤25 years old) and adult (>25 years) BrS patients. Method: This was a territory-wide retrospective cohort study of consecutive BrS patients presenting to public hospitals in Hong Kong. The primary outcome was spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Results: The cohort consists of 550 consecutive patients (median age of initial presentation = 51 ± 23 years; female = 7.3%; follow-up period = 83 ± 80 months), divided into adult (n = 505, mean age of initial presentation = 52 ± 19 years; female = 6.7%; mean follow-up period = 83 ± 80 months) and paediatric/young subgroups (n = 45, mean age of initial presentation = 21 ± 5 years, female = 13.3%, mean follow-up period = 73 ± 83 months). The mean annual VT/VF incidence rate were 17 and 25 cases per 1,000 patient-year, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that initial presentation of type 1 pattern (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = [1.02, 3.15], p = 0.041), initial asymptomatic presentation (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = [0.07, 0.94], p = 0.040) and increased P-wave axis (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = [0.96, 1.00], p = 0.036) were significant predictors of VT/VF for the adult subgroup. Only initial presentation of VT/VF was predictive (HR = 29.30, 95% CI = [1.75, 492.00], p = 0.019) in the paediatric/young subgroup. Conclusion: Clinical and ECG presentation of BrS vary between the paediatric/young and adult population in BrS. Risk stratification and management strategies for younger patients should take into consideration and adopt an individualised approach