Authentications of Myanmar National Registration Card

The automatic identification system of Myanmar national registration card (NRC) holder is presented in this paper. The proposed system can be handled the identification by the extracted low quality face image and fingerprint image from Myanmar NRC. Both of the facial recognition and fingerprint recognition system are developed for Myanmar citizenship confirmation. Age invariant face recognition algorithm is performed based on combination of DiaPCA (Diagonal principal Component Analysis) and KNN (Kth nearest neighbor classifier) approaches. An algorithm of the fingerprint recognition is proposed for recognition of the poor quality fingerprint image with fabric background.  Several experiments have been done for confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach

SAFETY THROUGH COMMUNITY IN HIGH SCHOOLS

“Safety through Community in High Schools” started out as the result of a long-time fascination with the educational system in the United States and the contradictions that exist within it. One such contradiction is the attempted inclusion of the greater community within the physical realm of the school—through the allowed use of an auditorium, for example—while simultaneously advocating for physical barriers and checkpoints which foster an air of distrust. Another contradiction on a smaller scale relates to a premise that students function best when exposed to natural sunlight. However, the need for security—elevated by the increase of mass shootings—has influenced many public schools to build with small windows, which restrict natural light and often make for an oppressive environment. This thesis aims to bring forth a design which arises out of thoughtful explorations of such contradictions between community, security, and stimulating learning environment

Assessing the Viability of the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation

The terrorist attack on the Achille Lauro prompted the international community to adopt the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA) 1988, which established a legal basis for prosecuting maritime violence that did not fall within the piracy framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. To extend the range of offences covered by the Convention, it was amended by the 2005 Protocol. The Protocol, however, has been the subject of much criticism. One of the most serious criticisms of the Protocol is directed at its Article 8bis, which authorizes a state party to visit a ship flying the flag of another state party without prior authorization from the flag state on the ground of failure to respond within four hours. In fact, this provision is in conflict with the exclusive jurisdiction of a flag state over a ship flying its flag on the high seas. This is the reason why although the 2005 Protocol entered into force on 28 July 2010, until present, there are only 22 States parties, most of which are not major maritime countries. The main objective of this paper therefore is to identify shortcomings of the 2005 Protocol and assess its viability. It is suggested that the 2005 Protocol needs to be revised to cure its deficiencies in order to attract more states to become parties to it

A dataset of fishes in and around Inle Lake, an ancient lake of Myanmar, with DNA barcoding, photo images and CT/3D models

ミャンマーの古代湖インレー湖で一世紀ぶりに魚類相調査, 約四割が外来魚。標本の3Dモデルもオンライン公開. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-12-02.Background: Inle (Inlay) Lake, an ancient lake of Southeast Asia, is located at the eastern part of Myanmar, surrounded by the Shan Mountains. Detailed information on fish fauna in and around the lake has long been unknown, although its outstanding endemism was reported a century ago

Fish diversity of a spring field in Hopong Town, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (the Salween River Basin), with genetic comparisons to some “species endemic to Inle Lake”

Hopong, a small town in the Salween (Thanlwin) River Basin, Myanmar, is located 35 km northeast of Inle Lake, a famous ancient lake with numerous endemic fish species. We surveyed the fish fauna of a spring pond in Hopong in 2016, 2019 and 2020 and identified 25 species. Of these, seven, including Inlecypris auropurpureus and Sawbwa resplendens, had been considered endemic to Inle Lake and at least three species were genetically unique. Eight were suspected or definite introduced species, including Oreochromis niloticus and Gambusia affinis. We were unable to identify a nemacheilid species of the genus Petruichthys, which would need a taxonomic examination. The Hopong area is being developed rapidly and, hence, it is crucial to conserve its native fish species and the freshwater ecosystems

Fortifying horn of Africa with the Djibouti code of conduct in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships: myth or reality

obally, the Djibouti Code of Conduct is the second regional agreement in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden after the ReCAAP. Although it has great potential to contribute in suppressing these maritime crimes in the region, it does not fully address the problem due to its non-binding nature, lack of serious cooperation among Participants, narrow definition of maritime crimes, limitations in information sharing system and poor capacity building. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of the Djibouti Code of Conduct. Accordingly, the author intents to analyse its shortcomings and proposes viable solutions. In this paper, Participants are suggested to render binding legal effect to the Djibouti Code of Conduct as soon as possible for the effective suppression of increasing maritime violence crimes. It is also proposed to widen the scope of maritime crimes and include maritime terrorism. It is preferable to remove the two ships requirement from the piracy definition and include the phrase “Exclusive Economic Zone of a State Party” into the definition of armed robbery against ships. All Participants are advised to allow the hot pursuit in their territorial waters in arresting or seizing culprits and cooperate with the requesting Participant. All ships passing through the waters in the region are recommended to notify the flag state, the nearest national focal point of a Participant and the information exchange centre when any incident takes place. All information exchange centres and national focal points should also be well equipped with advanced technologies

Assessing the Viability of the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation

Abstract: The terrorist attack on the Achille Lauro prompted the international community to adopt the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA) 1988, which established a legal basis for prosecuting maritime violence that did not fall within the piracy framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. To extend the range of offences covered by the Convention, it was amended by the 2005 Protocol. The Protocol, however, has been the subject of much criticism. One of the most serious criticisms of the Protocol is directed at its Article 8bis, which authorizes a state party to visit a ship flying the flag of another state party without prior authorization from the flag state on the ground of failure to respond within four hours. In fact, this provision is in conflict with the exclusive jurisdiction of a flag state over a ship flying its flag on the high seas. This is the reason why although the 2005 Protocol entered into force on 28 July 2010, until present, there are only 22 States parties, most of which are not major maritime countries. The main objective of this paper therefore is to identify shortcomings of the 2005 Protocol and assess its viability. It is suggested that the 2005 Protocol needs to be revised to cure its deficiencies in order to attract more states to become parties to it

Investigation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Bogalay Township, Myanmar in 1999

An investigation was in Nyi-naung-wa village, Bogalay township for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection and the possibility of a JE outbreak. JE virus antibody was determined among the pigs and the people living near the pig farms in that village and at an adjacent village as a control. The known JE virus vector Culex mosquito species were also identified in both villages. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) methods were used for the detectioon of JE and dengue antibodies. Homotypic or monotypic JE antibodies were detected in 33% of the pigs tested. No homotypic nor monotypic JE antibodis was detected among the villagers. Although there was no JE virus infection among the people, because of the presence of JE virus infection among the pigs and the presence of Culex mosquito vector in that area, the possibility of a JE outbreak in humans in that area, if the number of pig breeding per household increase and the mosquito density become higher is discussed

ミャンマー連邦シャン州北部およびカチン州における稲遺伝資源の探索収集

Myanmar is a country having a large genetic diversity of crop genetic resources. But through the introduction of improved varieties, local varieties so called landraces are now on the verge of extinction. It is a critical stage to explore, collect and conserve domestic plant genetic resources in the country for future utilization. Thus a joint rice exploration program of MAFF Genebank project and Myanmar Seed Bank was carried out in the Northern Shan State and Kachin State of Myanmar from November 16 to December 15,2000. Of the lowland rice varieties collected, 80 percent were improved varieties introduced from foreign countries in the past 3～5 years. However some landraces suitable for the eating habitat of local people or local agro-ecological conditions such as alkali soil are still remained. On the other hand, most of the upland rice varieties were landraces although improved varieties have been gradually introduced. A total of 104 varieties including landraces, improved varieties and wild rices were collected. In the landraces, a big variation was observed on grain shape, grain color, plant type, tolerance to cool weather and resistance to pests and diseases