4,537 research outputs found
Strategic Interaction and Trade Policymaking: Formal Analysis and Simulation
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73499/1/j.1467-9701.2006.00797.x.pd
Historical survey of the progressivity of the U.S. income tax
While filing the 1988 tax returns, many taxpayers will see the full impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Perhaps the most important changes made by this Act altered the progressivity of the federal income tax. . Given these very significant changes to the U.S. income tax and also given that the full impact of this tax law is effective on the seventy-fifth anniversary of the 1913 adoption of the income tax, it is worth the time to look back and contemplate how progressivity of the income tax structure has changed over time. This paper summarizes the historical findings
Inflation and the Present Value of Future Economic Damages
The extent to which damage awards realistically reflect the plaintiff\u27s future loss or expense depends largely on the discounting method employed and on the economic variables different methods incorporate and emphasize. The authors present a method for accurately assessing the present value of future economic damages and explore the dynamics of accounting for economic factors. In explaining and comparing other damages formulae popularly used by the courts, the authors conclude that their recommended approach produces the fairest possible result
Inflation and the Present Value of Future Economic Damages
The extent to which damage awards realistically reflect the plaintiff\u27s future loss or expense depends largely on the discounting method employed and on the economic variables different methods incorporate and emphasize. The authors present a method for accurately assessing the present value of future economic damages and explore the dynamics of accounting for economic factors. In explaining and comparing other damages formulae popularly used by the courts, the authors conclude that their recommended approach produces the fairest possible result
Observations of Hierarchical Solar-Type Multiple Star Systems
Twenty multiple stellar systems with solar-type primaries were observed at
high angular resolution using the PALM-3000 adaptive optics system at the 5 m
Hale telescope. The goal was to complement the knowledge of hierarchical
multiplicity in the solar neighborhood by confirming recent discoveries by the
visible Robo-AO system with new near-infrared observations with PALM-3000. The
physical status of most, but not all, of the new pairs is confirmed by
photometry in the Ks band and new positional measurements. In addition, we
resolved for the first time five close sub-systems: the known astrometric
binary in HIP 17129AB, companions to the primaries of HIP 33555, and HIP
118213, and the companions to the secondaries in HIP 25300 and HIP 101430. We
place the components on a color-magnitude diagram and discuss each multiple
system individually.Comment: Accepted to Astronomical Journa
<i>Rehabilitation doxa</i>Â and practitioner judgment. An analysis of symbolic violence on health care provision in the Scottish prison system
This paper presents an analysis of the symbolic conditions which govern health care provision in the Scottish prison system. The paper considers the wider context of Scottish prisons, where health care provision follows a similar structure both in juvenile and adult prisons. Our intention is to provoke a debate about the doxa (Bourdieu, 1977), which underlies decision making in respect of health care in prison, in a political environment where pragmatism, allied to the ‘pathologisation’ of social policies, health and criminal justice has been a hegemonic force.<br/
Specificity characteristics of 7 commercial creatinine measurement procedures by enzymatic and jaffe method principles
Journal ArticleStandardized calibration does not change a creatinine measurement procedure?s susceptibility to potentially interfering substances
Know the Star, Know the Planet. III. Discovery of Late-Type Companions to Two Exoplanet Host Stars
We discuss two multiple star systems that host known exoplanets: HD 2638 and
30 Ari B. Adaptive optics imagery revealed an additional stellar companion to
both stars. We collected multi-epoch images of the systems with Robo-AO and the
PALM-3000 adaptive optics systems at Palomar Observatory and provide relative
photometry and astrometry. The astrometry indicates that the companions share
common proper motion with their respective primaries. Both of the new
companions have projected separations less than 30 AU from the exoplanet host
star. Using the projected separations to compute orbital periods of the new
stellar companions, HD 2638 has a period of 130 yrs and 30 Ari B has a period
of 80 years. Previous studies have shown that the true period is most likely
within a factor of three of these estimated values. The additional component to
the 30 Ari makes it the second confirmed quadruple system known to host an
exoplanet. HD 2638 hosts a hot Jupiter and the discovery of a new companion
strengthens the connection between hot Jupiters and binary stars. We place the
systems on a color-magnitude diagram and derive masses for the companions which
turn out to be roughly 0.5 solar mass stars.Comment: Accepted to Astronomical Journal, 16 pages, 5 Figure
Shaping metallic glasses by electromagnetic pulsing
With damage tolerance rivalling advanced engineering alloys and thermoplastic forming capabilities analogous to conventional plastics, metallic glasses are emerging as a modern engineering material. Here, we take advantage of their unique electrical and rheological properties along with the classic Lorentz force concept to demonstrate that electromagnetic coupling of electric current and a magnetic field can thermoplastically shape a metallic glass without conventional heating sources or applied mechanical forces. Specifically, we identify a process window where application of an electric current pulse in the presence of a normally directed magnetic field can ohmically heat a metallic glass to a softened state, while simultaneously inducing a large enough magnetic body force to plastically shape it. The heating and shaping is performed on millisecond timescales, effectively bypassing crystallization producing fully amorphous-shaped parts. This electromagnetic forming approach lays the groundwork for a versatile, time- and energy-efficient manufacturing platform for ultrastrong metals
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