Uso de plaguicidas en alimentos: situación actual en la provincia del Chubut

Los plaguicidas son sustancias químicas utilizadas para controlar, prevenir o destruir las plagas que afectan las plantaciones agrícolas. La utilización incorrecta, debida principalmente a la sobredosificación y la aplicación inadecuada, puede ocasionar la presencia de residuos en alimentos. Esto origina riesgos para la salud humana y también afecta la comercialización en diferentes mercados mundiales. En el valle inferior del río Chubut (VIRCh) la actividad agrícola hace uso de estos productos

Population structure of the snail Buccinanops globulosum (Prosobranchia, Nassariidae) in San Matías Gulf, Patagonia Argentina: Isolated enclaves?

In San Matías Gulf (Patagonia, Argentina), Buccinanops globulosum is typically distributed in two different areas: the intertidal-subtidal zone of Playa Villarino, where conch length reaches up to 60 mm, and the inner channel of San Antonio Bay, where individuals are not larger than 30 mm. It is suggested that both populations of B. globulosum constitute independent enclaves adapted to the local conditions and with a different population structure. This comparative study focuses on the population structure, sex ratios, growth, and size at maturity at the two sites. The data collected reveal that the individuals in San Antonio ranged from 5 to 29 mm whereas those in Villarino ranged from 4 to 61 mm. It was also observed that in San Antonio Bay, generally males outnumbered females whereas exactly the opposite occurred in Villarino. In addition, females were larger and showed a faster growth than males in both study areas. The number of egg capsules on each female ranged from 8 to 25 in San Antonio Bay and from 5 to 66 in Villarino. Size at maturity of females in San Antonio Bay was estimated at 14.47 mm and maximum estimated length at 6 years old was 33 mm. The same parameters in the individuals from Villarino were 45 and 65 mm, respectively. The comparative analysis of the above-mentioned features poses the question of whether these two populations represent either different species or different forms of the same species.Fil: Narvarte, Maite Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Willers, Valeria. University of Victoria; CanadáFil: Avaca, Maria Soledad. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Echave, María Eugenia. Fundación Inalafquen; Argentin

Mortality Predictors in Elderly Patients With Cardiogenic Shock on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support. Analysis From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry

Objectives: Because significantly higher mortality is observed in elderly patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock, decision-making in this setting is challenging. We aimed to elucidate predictors of unfavorable outcomes in these elderly ( 65 70 yr) patients. Design: Analysis of international worldwide extracorporeal life support organization registry. Setting: Refractory cardiogenic shock due to various etiologies (cardiac arrest excluded). Patients: Elderly patients ( 65 70 yr). Interventions: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Measurements and main results: Three age groups (70-74, 75-79, 6580 yr) were in-depth analyzed. Uni- and multivariable analysis were performed. From January 1997 to December 2018, 2,644 patients greater than or equal to 70 years (1,395 [52.8%] 70-74 yr old, 858 [32.5%] 75-79 yr, and 391 [14.8%] 65 80 yr old) were submitted to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock with marked increase in the most recent years. Peripheral access was applied in majority of patients. Median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support duration was 3.5 days (interquartile range: 1.6-6.1 d), (3.9 d [3.7-4.6 d] in patients 65 80 yr) (p < 0.001). Weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was possible in 1,236 patients (46.7%). Overall in-hospital mortality was estimated at 68.3% with highest crude mortality rates observed in 75-79 years old subgroup (70.1%). Complications were mostly cardiovascular and bleeding, without apparent differences between subgroups. Airway pressures, 24-hour pH after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation start, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration, and renal replacement therapy were predictive of higher mortality. In-hospital mortality was lower in heart transplantation recipients, posttranscatheter aortic valve replacement, and pulmonary embolism; conversely, higher mortality followed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation institution after coronary artery bypass + valve and in decompensated chronic heart failure, and nearly 100% mortality followed in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for sepsis. Conclusions: This study confirmed the remarkable increase of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in elderly affected by refractory cardiogenic shock. Despite in-hospital mortality remains high, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should still be considered in such setting even in elderly patients, since increasing age itself was not linked to increased mortality, whereas several predictors may guide indication and management