Designing an Integrated Financial Supervision Agency: Selected Lessons and Challenges for Indonesia

Having initiated reforms in its financial sector in late 1997, the government of Indonesia introduced a new central bank independence act in early 1999. The next task for the government of Indonesia is to devise a safety net system for the financial sector. This study draws essential lessons from the experiences of other countries to highlight a number of key challenges facing Indonesia, especially at early stages of designing its unified financial sector supervisory agency.Unified Financial Sector Supervisory Agency, Bancassurance Central Bank, Indonesia.

Medidas de protección a las víctimas de violencia familiar ejecutadas por la Policía Nacional del Perú según la Ley 30364

La presente tesis, tiene como objetivo analizar si son adecuados los mecanismos que utiliza la policía nacional del Perú para la ejecución de las medidas de protección a las víctimas de violencia familiar en el marco de la Ley 30364, la ha cual sido realizada mediante el enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la técnica de entrevistas a expertos, análisis de fuente documental y derecho comparado, de donde se ha extraído la respuesta a los objetivos trazados. La ejecución de medidas de protección a las víctimas de violencia familiar es una función otorgada a la policía nacional del Perú en el marco de la Ley 30364, sin embargo, el tratamiento que se le viene dando a tan importante misión no es el adecuado, toda vez que el personal policial encargado solamente realiza la notificación a las partes, dándole un tratamiento netamente administrativo. Así es que, que las víctimas de violencia familiar que poseen medidas de protección no perciben el trabajo real y efectivo que realiza la policía nacional del Perú, toda vez que solamente realizan la notificación al agresor, mas no existe una política ni estrategia técnica por parte de dicha institución que permita enfrentar y erradicar la violencia familiar

DENSE: efficient and prior knowledge-driven discovery of phenotype-associated protein functional modules

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Identifying cellular subsystems that are involved in the expression of a target phenotype has been a very active research area for the past several years. In this paper, <it>cellular subsystem </it>refers to a group of genes (or proteins) that interact and carry out a common function in the cell. Most studies identify genes associated with a phenotype on the basis of some statistical bias, others have extended these statistical methods to analyze functional modules and biological pathways for phenotype-relatedness. However, a biologist might often have a specific question in mind while performing such analysis and most of the resulting subsystems obtained by the existing methods might be largely irrelevant to the question in hand. Arguably, it would be valuable to incorporate biologist's knowledge about the phenotype into the algorithm. This way, it is anticipated that the resulting subsytems would not only be related to the target phenotype but also contain information that the biologist is likely to be interested in.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper we introduce a fast and theoretically guranteed method called <it>DENSE </it>(Dense and ENriched Subgraph Enumeration) that can take in as input a biologist's <it>prior </it>knowledge as a set of query proteins and identify all the dense functional modules in a biological network that contain some part of the query vertices. The density (in terms of the number of network egdes) and the enrichment (the number of query proteins in the resulting functional module) can be manipulated via two parameters γ and <it>μ</it>, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This algorithm has been applied to the protein functional association network of <it>Clostridium acetobutylicum </it>ATCC 824, a hydrogen producing, acid-tolerant organism. The algorithm was able to verify relationships known to exist in literature and also some previously unknown relationships including those with regulatory and signaling functions. Additionally, we were also able to hypothesize that some uncharacterized proteins are likely associated with the target phenotype. The DENSE code can be downloaded from <url>http://www.freescience.org/cs/DENSE/</url></p

Impact of a Pharmacy Benefit Change on New Use of Mail Order Pharmacy among Diabetes Patients: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110855/1/hesr12223-sup-0001-AuthorMatrix.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110855/2/hesr12223.pd

Rationale and Design of the ICON-RELOADED Study: International Collaborative of Nterminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide Re-evaluation of Acute Diagnostic Cut-Offs in the Emergency Department

Objectives The objectives were to reassess use of amino-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations for diagnosis and prognosis of acute heart failure (HF) in patients with acute dyspnea. Background NT-proBNP facilitates diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in patients with suspected or proven acute HF. As demographics of such patients are changing, previous diagnostic NT-proBNP thresholds may need updating. Additionally, value of in-hospital NT-proBNP prognostic monitoring for HF is less understood. Methods In a prospective, multicenter study in the United States and Canada, patients presenting to emergency departments with acute dyspnea were enrolled, with demographic, medication, imaging, and clinical course information collected. NT-proBNP analysis will be performed using the Roche Diagnostics Elecsys proBNPII immunoassay in blood samples obtained at baseline and at discharge (if hospitalized). Primary end points include positive predictive value of previously established age-stratified NT-proBNP thresholds for the adjudicated diagnosis of acute HF and its negative predictive value to exclude acute HF. Secondary end points include sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for acute HF and, among those with HF, the prognostic value of baseline and predischarge NT-proBNP for adjudicated clinical end points (including all-cause death and hospitalization) at 30 and 180 days. Results A total of 1,461 dyspneic subjects have been enrolled and are eligible for analysis. Follow-up for clinical outcome is ongoing. Conclusions The International Collaborative of N-terminal pro–B-type Natriuretic Peptide Re-evaluation of Acute Diagnostic Cut-Offs in the Emergency Department study offers a contemporary opportunity to understand best diagnostic cutoff points for NT-proBNP in acute HF and validate in-hospital monitoring of HF using NT-proBNP

Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire

Research activities focused on estimating the direct emissions of carbon from wildland fires across North America are reviewed as part of the North American Carbon Program disturbance synthesis. A comparison of methods to estimate the loss of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere from wildland fires is presented. Published studies on emissions from recent and historic time periods and five specific cases are summarized, and new emissions estimates are made using contemporary methods for a set of specific fire events. Results from as many as six terrestrial models are compared. We find that methods generally produce similar results within each case, but estimates vary based on site location, vegetation (fuel) type, and fire weather. Area normalized emissions range from 0.23 kg C m−2 for shrubland sites in southern California/NW Mexico to as high as 6.0 kg C m−2 in northern conifer forests. Total emissions range from 0.23 to 1.6 Tg C for a set of 2003 fires in chaparral-dominated landscapes of California to 3.9 to 6.2 Tg C in the dense conifer forests of western Oregon. While the results from models do not always agree, variations can be attributed to differences in model assumptions and methods, including the treatment of canopy consumption and methods to account for changes in fuel moisture, one of the main drivers of variability in fire emissions. From our review and synthesis, we identify key uncertainties and areas of improvement for understanding the magnitude and spatial-temporal patterns of pyrogenic carbon emissions across North America

14th Annual Conference on Legal Issues For Financial Institutions

Materials from the 14th Annual Conference on Legal Issues For Financial Institutions held by UK/CLE in March 1994

Dynamics of dairy products consumption in poland against the background of the EU

Consumption is among the key determinants of milk production and profitability. The main purpose of this paper is to present the level of and changes in milk and dairy products consumption in the EU in 2004–2018. Due to changing consumer preferences, the average consumption of milk and milk products in EU countries is on an increase. In turn, Poland witnesses growth in consumption of milk for ripening and processed cheese and yogurt. In 2004–2017, per capita consumption of ice cream, cheese and powdered milk followed a downward trend. In order to examine changes in the consumption of milk and milk products, a forecast was prepared which shows that in 2018–2022, Poland will experience an increase in the average monthly consumption of milk, ice cream and cheese. On the other hand, the EU will report growth in consumption of fresh dairy products, butter, cheese, skim milk and powdered milk, and a decrease in casein consumption.Jednym z najważniejszych czynników warunkujących produkcję mleka i jej opłacalność jest konsumpcja. Głównym celem pracy było przedstawienie konsumpcji mleka i przetworów mlecznych w Polsce na tle UE i zmian w latach 2004-2018. Zmieniające się preferencje konsumentów powodują, że średnio w krajach UE wzrasta spożycie mleka i jego przetworów. W Polsce z kolei wzrasta spożycie mleka serów dojrzewających i topionych oraz jogurtów. W przeliczeniu na 1 mieszkańca w latach 2004-2017 spadło spożycie lodów, serów utwardzonych oraz mleka w proszku. W celu zbadania zmian w konsumpcji mleka i jego przetworów opracowano prognozę, z której wynika, że w latach 2018-2022 będzie wzrastało spożycie mleka, lodów i serów utwardzonych. Z kolei w UE będzie zwiększało się spożycie świeżych produktów mlecznych, masła, serów, mleka odtłuszczonego, mleka w proszku a malało kazeiny.