River City Blues: The Quest for Municipal Home Rule & Economic Security in St. Louis

The Great Divorce in St. Louis, the separation of the City and County of St. Louis in 1876 is one of the most impactful events in the region’s history. Most people will think of the Great Divorce in simple terms like The County didn\u27t like the City. or The City didn\u27t want to pay tax money that went to the County alone. Few, however, go further and ask why. Why didn\u27t the City want to pay taxes to the County? The answer is economics. I found in my research compelling evidence that the City leadership believed that the municipal relationship with the County, seen as an extension of its relationship with the State of Missouri, was so detrimental to the City\u27s future growth that a radical change in that relationship was needed. Spending was only growing along with the City of St. Louis itself and had no signs of stopping. Separation became the chosen solution to a County government seen as corrupt and swindling and a government in Jefferson City that had to approve many City civic measures, many tax or funding related, before local enactment could happen. The City felt fact money going to projects that mostly benefited the County and its non-City residents was unfair. Meanwhile, the state legislature, although usually permissive to St. Louis interests, was seen as an unnecessary bottleneck and a potential pain point legislatively as Jefferson City could turn down civic legislation for St. Louis that could be direly needed or have broad public legislative support in St. Louis. Both of these were threats to the future investment and success of St. Louis, City leaders felt. A state constitution change in 1875 made possible for the City to annul its undesired relationship with the forces of Jefferson City. City leaders pounced later that year and began the process that created today\u27s political situation in the St. Louis region. Then all that was left was the County and the City with their very different trajectories. City leaders knew they needed to be able to take the steps to fund development on their own, and felt the option we are currently in to be the one that would assure St. Louis\u27s future growth. While my findings merely scratch the surface of this rabbit hole, the details I have seen give credence that there was a belief among the pro-separation City forces that separating from the County was vital for St. Louis\u27s economic security and future growth

Deconstructing student perception of incivility in the nursing education triad

This triangulated mixed methods study examines the construct of incivility in nursing higher education within the southeastern United States. A modification of the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) survey (Clark, 2007) was administered to determine behaviors students identify as uncivil within the various contexts of the associate degree nursing educational environment – classroom and clinical area and among the nursing education triad – students, faculty, and nurses. Ten factors were isolated as a result of exploratory factor analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between beginning and graduating students’ perceptions regarding one factor, Abuse of Faculty Position. Beginning students described this factor as faculty showing favoritism and “not caring.” Graduating students described this factor as faculty being rigid and acting superior. There was a statistically significant difference between where beginning and graduating students perceived incivility occurred most frequently. Beginning students identified the classroom and graduating students identified the clinical area as venues where incivility appeared the most. Analysis of students’ open ended responses revealed differences in the uncivil behaviors found in the classroom and on the clinical unit. Themes emerging included the severity of consequences, harassment, and perpetrators. The consequences of incivility on the clinical unit had the potential to be more severe; there was more opportunity for harassment on the clinical unit where nurses, faculty, patients, peers, and staff were potential perpetrators. A comparison of programs with high and low levels of incivility was conducted through a content analysis of documents related to school mission, curricula, conduct codes, and faculty and by analyzing the open-ended responses on the INE. Findings revealed that programs with high perceived levels of incivility had extensive conduct codes with no student representation on appeals committees, required students to attend nursing classes during the summer, and had an environment which tolerated incivility with consequences focusing on punishment. Programs with low perceived levels of incivility had student representation on appeals committees, did not require attendance during the summer, and focused on dialoguing with those involved in uncivil behavior. Implications for nursing educators are discussed and suggestions for future research are identified

Determining the R values for 12 inch deep Z-purlins and girts with through-fastened panels under suction loading

Designing purlins for roof systems attached to through-fastened panels has been a subject well researched in the past. The current design specification uses a simplified approach to the designing of these members where the fully braced moment capacity of such members is multiplied by a reduction factor, commonly referred to as the R-value. This value represents the point in between the fully braced and fully unbraced member behavior. However, the current AISI Specification, S100, only contains R-values for purlins and girts up to 11.5 inches in depth. Since manufacturers are now rolling sections up to 12 inches deep, two confirmatory tests were performed with the goal of expanding the limits of the current design provisions. The intent of this research was to demonstrate that the R-value for the 11.5 inch deep Zee members is representative for members with depths of 12 inches as well. One continuous span and one simple span test were performed. Based on the findings of this test program, 12 deep Z-purlins do meet or exceed the required strength computed using the current AISI S100 R-values. Thus, it is recommended that the limitations of Section D6.1.1 be expanded to include these deeper 12 Z-purlins. With the increase in depth, the depth-to-flange width ratio should also be expanded. It is recommended that the upper limit of the depth-to flange width ratio be expanded to include members with depth/flange width ratios up to a value of 5.5. It is also recommended that Section D6.1.1 be changed to ensure ductile steel rather than limiting the yield stress of the material. It is suggested that the limiting Fu/Fy ratio of the member be 1.20 --Abstract, page iii

Curtailing the Arbitrator\u27s Power: Valid Withholding of Jurisdictionor Judicial Flaw

With the movement toward alternative dispute resolution comes the issue of how much freedom arbitrators will be given before the courts will find the arbitrator\u27s rulings to be beyond their jurisdiction. This Note will provide an understanding of the decision in Cobler v. Stanley, Barber, Southard, Brown & Associates, where the court limited the power of the arbitrator. 2 Further, this Note will explain how Cobler is inconsistent with California case law which suggests that great deference shall be given to the power of arbitrators

Privileged Communication Extended to the Corporate Ombudsman-Employee Relationship via Federal Rule of Evidence 501

While there is no universally accepted definition of a corporate ombudsman, many companies view a corporate ombudsman as a neutral manager within a corporation, who may provide informal assistance to both managers and employees in resolving work-related concerns and whose office is located outside of the management structure.2 Serious interest in utilizing a corporate ombudsman did not take a firm hold in the corporate arena until the 1900\u27s.3 Reasons for increased interest in the corporate ombudsman include: an increasingly welleducated employee pool, changing laws and statutes, and stresses associated with huge increases in government contracting.4 Kientzy v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. introduces a new concept into the corporate structure-the ombudsman-employee privilege. 5 In Kientzy, a corporate ombudsman encountered the evidentiary law principle of privileged communication and established another privilege, the ombudsman-employee privilege, which is supported by Federal Rule of Evidence 501.

Essays on the Economics and Politics of Wildfire Management

In the past several decades, wildfires in the western U.S. have become more severe, frequent, and damaging. Federal and state governments bear substantial responsibility for managing these incidents. Yet we know little about how government environmental managers make decisions, whether in this context, or in the many other contexts in which government administrators play an important role. In this dissertation, I use the example of federal wildfire management to study decision-making among government environmental managers. In the first essay, I estimate avoided losses to structures due to wildfire suppression. Though preventing losses to structures is a primary goal of wildfire suppression, avoided losses to structures do not justify costs of suppression for many wildfires, especially those that begin in remote areas. In the second and third essays, my collaborators and I explore consequences of behavioral biases among communities affected by wildfire management. In the second essay, we show that, due to pressure individuals place on government administrators, behavioral biases can affect the decision-making of public land management agencies. In the empirical context of this study, government decisions over where to locate wildfire risk reduction projects, this can result in inefficient policy outcomes. The third and final essay uses behavioral bias-induced shocks to community demands for wildfire risk reduction projects to study differences in responsiveness among government administrators to demographically-varying communities. We find that government administrators are more responsive to communities in which a greater percentage of residents are white, educated, or young

How to Successfully Implement a Corporate Taxonomy

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to follow while implementing a corporate taxonomy. Design/methodology/approach: The presented results are grounded in both academic literature on taxonomy and qualitative data from two departments within the same organization that implemented separate taxonomy structures. Findings: The study identifies ten factors to consider when implementing a corporate taxonomy as well as a defined nine step process to implement when implementing a successful corporate taxonomy. Research limitations/implications: The scope of the literature review and the case study were both limited as finding multiple taxonomy experts in one organization is rare, the account of the research is not considered exhaustive. The paper can assist practioners in a high level approach to implementing a corporate taxonomy as well as things to invoke to increase the chances of a successful implementation

Salt Links Dominate Affinity of Antibody HyHEL-5 for Lysozyme through Enthalpic Contributions*

The binding of murine monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5 to lysozyme has been the subject of extensive crystallographic, computational, and experimental investigations. The complex of HyHEL-5 with hen egg lysozyme (HEL) features salt bridges between Fab heavy chain residue Glu50, and Arg45 and Arg68 of HEL. This interaction has been predicted to play a dominant role in the association on the basis of molecular electrostatics calculations. The association of aspartic acid and glutamine mutants at position 50H of the cloned HyHEL-5 Fab with HEL and bobwhite quail lysozyme (BQL), an avian variant bearing an Arg68 ? Lys substitution in the epitope, was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry and sedimentation equilibrium. Affinities for HEL were reduced by 400-fold (E50HD) and 40,000-fold (E50HQ) (??G� estimated at 4.0 and 6.4 kcal mol?1, respectively). The same mutations reduce affinity for BQL by only 7- and 55-fold, respectively, indicating a reduced specificity for HEL. The loss of affinity upon mutation is in each case primarily due to an unfavorable change in the enthalpy of the interaction; the entropic contribution is virtually unchanged. An enthalpy-entropy compensation exists for each interaction; ?H� decreases, while ?S� increases with temperature. The ?Cp for each mutant interaction is less negative than the wild-type. Mutant-cycle analysis suggests the mutations present in the HyHEL-5 Fab mutants are linked to those present in the BQL with coupling energies between 3 and 4 kcal mol?1

Water molecules in the antibody朼ntigen interface of the structure of the Fab HyHEL-5杔ysozyme complex at 1.7 A? resolution: comparison with results from isothermal titration calorimetry

The structure of the complex between hen egg-white lysozyme and the Fab HyHEL-5 at 2.7 A? resolution has previously been reported [Cohen et al. (1996), Acta Cryst. D52, 315�6]. With the availability of recombinant Fab, the X-ray structure of the complex has been re-evaluated at 1.7 A? resolution. The refined structure has yielded a detailed picture of the Fab� lysozyme interface, showing the high complementarity of the protein surfaces as well as several water molecules within the interface that complete the good fit. The model of the full complex has improved significantly, yielding an Rwork of 19.5%. With this model, the structural results can be compared with the results of isothermal titration calorimetry. An attempt has been made to estimate the changes in bound waters that accompany complex formation and the difficulties inherent in using the crystal structures to provide the information necessary to make this calculation are discussed

Intramural gallbladder hematoma mimicking gallbladder neoplasm in a 55-year-old male patient

Hemorrhage in the gallbladder (GB) is usually associated with cholecystitis, GB neoplasm, trauma, hemobilia, and cystic artery aneurysm. Our patient had not experienced any previous abdominal trauma, and GB hemorrhage was unlikely to result from cholecystitis or bleeding diathesis. A 55-year-old male was admitted because of right upper quadrant pain. Both prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were normal. Abdominal computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were performed. Image studies revealed GB wall thickening and an intraluminal mass. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Upon opening the GB postoperatively, a large amount of fresh blood and old blood clot was noted. The incidence of GB hematoma is very rare. GB hematoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of GB tumor. In such a situation, surgical intervention is needed for further patient evaluation and management. We present a rare case of intramural GB hematoma, of which we were unable to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively