A solution for secure use of Kibana and Elasticsearch in multi-user environment

Monitoring is indispensable to check status, activities, or resource usage of IT services. A combination of Kibana and Elasticsearch is used for monitoring in many places such as KEK, CC-IN2P3, CERN, and also non-HEP communities. Kibana provides a web interface for rich visualization, and Elasticsearch is a scalable distributed search engine. However, these tools do not support authentication and authorization features by default. In the case of single Kibana and Elasticsearch services shared among many users, any user who can access Kibana can retrieve other's information from Elasticsearch. In multi-user environment, in order to protect own data from others or share part of data among a group, fine-grained access control is necessary. The CERN cloud service group had provided cloud utilization dashboard to each user by Elasticsearch and Kibana. They had deployed a homemade Elasticsearch plugin to restrict data access based on a user authenticated by the CERN Single Sign On system. It enabled each user to have a separated Kibana dashboard for cloud usage, and the user could not access to other's one. Based on the solution, we propose an alternative one which enables user/group based Elasticsearch access control and Kibana objects separation. It is more flexible and can be applied to not only the cloud service but also the other various situations. We confirmed our solution works fine in CC-IN2P3. Moreover, a pre-production platform for CC-IN2P3 has been under construction. We will describe our solution for the secure use of Kibana and Elasticsearch including integration of Kerberos authentication, development of a Kibana plugin which allows Kibana objects to be separated based on user/group, and contribution to Search Guard which is an Elasticsearch plugin enabling user/group based access control. We will also describe the effect on performance from using Search Guard.Comment: International Symposium on Grids and Clouds 2017 (ISGC 2017

Non-destructive Evaluation Of Concrete Structures Using High Resolution Digital Image And Infrared Thermography Technology

As existing bridge structures age, they are susceptible to the effects of deterioration, damage and other deleterious processes. These effects hamper the capacity and efficiency of transportation networks and adversely impact local, regional and national economic growth. As a result, bridge authorities and other professionals have become more sensitive to maintenance issues related to this aging infrastructure. While highway bridge condition have been monitored by visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies have also been developing and they are expected to be utilized for effective management of highway bridges or other civil infrastructure systems. Efficient use of these technologies saves time spent or bridge inspections, and also helps the bridge authorities for management decision-making. One of the NDE technologies is the image-based technology. In this thesis research, image-based technologies using high resolution digital images (HRDI) and infrared thermography image (IRTI) are introduced, described and implemented. First, a review of the mechanisms of these technologies is presented. Due to the specific engineering utilization and recent technological development, there is a need to validate effectiveness of HRDI and IRTI for their practical use for engineering purpose. For this reason, a pilot project using these technologies was conducted at an in-service bridge and a parking structure with the support of Florida Department of Transportation District 5 and the results are presented in this thesis. Secondly, in order to explore and enhance the usability of infrared thermography technology (IRTI), experiments on campus and on another bridge were conducted to determine the best time to test bridges and the sensitivity of IRTI to delamination volume. Since the iv accuracy of damage detection using infrared thermography technology is greatly affected by daily temperature variation, it is quite important to estimate an appropriate duration for infrared thermography inspection prior to the inspection. However, in current practice, the way to estimate the duration is to monitor the temperature of the concrete surface. Since the temperature varies depending on the area or region, there is a need to visit the bridge before the actual test and monitor the temperature variation. This requires additional visits to the bridge site and also access to the bridge for measuring concrete temperature. Sometimes, this can be a practical issue. In this research, in order to estimate an appropriate duration without visiting bridges, a practical method is explored by monitoring and analyzing variation of concrete surface temperature at one location and projected to another location by also incorporating other factors that affect the concrete temperature, such as air temperature and humidity. For this analysis, specially-designed concrete plates of a few types of thickness and shapes are used and the regression analysis is employed to establish a relationship between environmental effects and temperature variation between two different sites. The results have been promising for this research study and it is shown that HRDI and IRTI are excellent technologies for assessing concrete structures in a very practical manner

Lagrange’s Four-Square Theorem

This article provides a formalized proof of the so-called “the four-square theorem”, namely any natural number can be expressed by a sum of four squares, which was proved by Lagrange in 1770. An informal proof of the theorem can be found in the number theory literature, e.g. in [14], [1] or [23]. This theorem is item #19 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.Suginami-ku Matsunoki 6, 3-21 Tokyo, JapanAlan Baker. A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. Cambridge University Press, 1984.Grzegorz Bancerek. Cardinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):377–382, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. Cardinal arithmetics. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):543–547, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41–46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91–96, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek and Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Segments of natural numbers and finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):107–114, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The complex numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):507–513, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1): 55–65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153–164, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Partial functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):357–367, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Some basic properties of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):47–53, 1990.Agata Darmochwał. Finite sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):165–167, 1990.Yoshinori Fujisawa, Yasushi Fuwa, and Hidetaka Shimizu. Public-key cryptography and Pepin’s test for the primality of Fermat numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 7(2):317–321, 1998.G.H. Hardy and E.M. Wright. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. Oxford University Press, 1980.Artur Korniłowicz and Piotr Rudnicki. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Formalized Mathematics, 12(2):179–186, 2004.Rafał Kwiatek. Factorial and Newton coefficients. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):887–890, 1990.Rafał Kwiatek and Grzegorz Zwara. The divisibility of integers and integer relatively primes. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):829–832, 1990.Xiquan Liang, Li Yan, and Junjie Zhao. Linear congruence relation and complete residue systems. Formalized Mathematics, 15(4):181–187, 2007. doi:10.2478/v10037-007-0022-7.Piotr Rudnicki and Andrzej Trybulec. Abian’s fixed point theorem. Formalized Mathematics, 6(3):335–338, 1997.Christoph Schwarzweller. Modular integer arithmetic. Formalized Mathematics, 16(3): 247–252, 2008. doi:10.2478/v10037-008-0029-8.Michał J. Trybulec. Integers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):501–505, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67–71, 1990.Hideo Wada. The World of Numbers (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten, 1984.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1 (1):73–83, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations defined on sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):181–186, 1990

Rings of Fractions and Localization

This article formalized rings of fractions in the Mizar system [3], [4]. A construction of the ring of fractions from an integral domain, namely a quotient field was formalized in [7]. This article generalizes a construction of fractions to a ring which is commutative and has zero divisor by means of a multiplicatively closed set, say S, by known manner. Constructed ring of fraction is denoted by S ~ R instead of S− 1 R appeared in [1], [6]. As an important example we formalize a ring of fractions by a particular multiplicatively closed set, namely R \ p, where p is a prime ideal of R. The resulted local ring is denoted by R p. In our Mizar article it is coded by R ~p as a synonym. This article contains also the formal proof of a universal property of a ring of fractions, the total-quotient ring, a proof of the equivalence between the total-quotient ring and the quotient field of an integral domain.Suginami-ku Matsunoki, 3-21-6 Tokyo, JapanMichael Francis Atiyah and Ian Grant Macdonald. Introduction to Commutative Algebra, volume 2. Addison-Wesley Reading, 1969.Jonathan Backer, Piotr Rudnicki, and Christoph Schwarzweller. Ring ideals. Formalized Mathematics, 9(3):565–582, 2001.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Bylinski, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, Karol Pak, and Josef Urban. Mizar: State-of-the-art and beyond. In Manfred Kerber, Jacques Carette, Cezary Kaliszyk, Florian Rabe, and Volker Sorge, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, volume 9150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 261–279. Springer International Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-20614-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_17.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Bylinski, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol Pak. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9–32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.Artur Korniłowicz and Christoph Schwarzweller. The first isomorphism theorem and other properties of rings. Formalized Mathematics, 22(4):291–301, 2014. doi:10.2478/forma-2014-0029.Hideyuki Matsumura. Commutative Ring Theory. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 1989.Christoph Schwarzweller. The field of quotients over an integral domain. Formalized Mathematics, 7(1):69–79, 1998.Yasushige Watase. Zariski topology. Formalized Mathematics, 26(4):277–283, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0024.798

Zariski Topology

We formalize in the Mizar system [3], [4] basic definitions of commutative ring theory such as prime spectrum, nilradical, Jacobson radical, local ring, and semi-local ring [5], [6], then formalize proofs of some related theorems along with the first chapter of [1].The article introduces the so-called Zariski topology. The set of all prime ideals of a commutative ring A is called the prime spectrum of A denoted by Spectrum A. A new functor Spec generates Zariski topology to make Spectrum A a topological space. A different role is given to Spec as a map from a ring morphism of commutative rings to that of topological spaces by the following manner: for a ring homomorphism h : A → B, we defined (Spec h) : Spec B → Spec A by (Spec h)() = h−1() where 2 Spec B.Suginami-ku Matsunoki, 3-21-6 Tokyo, JapanMichael Francis Atiyah and Ian Grant Macdonald. Introduction to Commutative Algebra, volume 2. Addison-Wesley Reading, 1969.Jonathan Backer, Piotr Rudnicki, and Christoph Schwarzweller. Ring ideals. Formalized Mathematics, 9(3):565–582, 2001.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, Karol Pąk, and Josef Urban. Mizar: State-of-the-art and beyond. In Manfred Kerber, Jacques Carette, Cezary Kaliszyk, Florian Rabe, and Volker Sorge, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, volume 9150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 261–279. Springer International Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-20614-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_17.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol Pąk. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9–32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.Shigeru Iitaka. Algebraic Geometry: An Introduction to Birational Geometry of Algebraic Varieties. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1982.Shigeru Iitaka. Ring Theory (in Japanese). Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., 2013.Christoph Schwarzweller. The binomial theorem for algebraic structures. Formalized Mathematics, 9(3):559–564, 2001.26427728