Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik untuk Mitigasi Bencana Lingkungan

Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, industri dan jumlah penduduk, penggunaan plastik dan barang-barang berbahan dasar plastik semakin meningkat. Plastik banyak digunakan dalam berbagai keperluan karena sifatnya yang ringan, kuat, tidak mudah pecah, fleksibel, mudah dibentuk, tahan karat, mudah diberi warna, isolator panas dan listrik yang baik serta harganya yang terjangkau. Berdasarkan hasil studi, Indonesia adalah negara penghasil sampah plastik nomor dua di dunia setelah Tiongkok, yang berkontribusi atas 3,2 juta ton sampah di lautan setiap tahunnya. Hal itu membuat Indonesia jadi penghasil sampah plastik terbanyak di Asia Tenggara. Diperlukan waktu puluhan hingga ratusan tahun untuk terdegradasinya sampah plastik tersebut. Banyaknya sampah plastik ini akan berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan yang akhirnya dapat menimbulkan bencana, antara lain emisi gas rumah kaca ke atmosfir serta banjir. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan pengelolaan sampah plastik untuk mitigasi bencana lingkungan. Mitigasi dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan teknologi; sosial, ekonomi budaya; serta kelembagaan. Pendekatan teknologi dapat dilakukan misalnya penggunaan pirolisis, penggunaan hydro thermal, ataupun penggunaan bahan baku yang ramah lingkungan. Pelibatan masyarakat, dan sosialisasi merupakan contoh pendekatan secara sosial dan budaya dan pendekatan ekonomi dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan ekonomi sirkuler. Untuk pendekatan kelembagaan dilakukan dengan melibatkan pemerintah pusat maupun daerah dalam implementasi kebijakan atau peraturan-peraturan yang ada serta penyiapan peraturan baru terkait pengurangan sampah plastik

A dynamic model of pollution impact of dioxin/furan on environment, society and economy

dioxin and furan have both long and short-term adverse affections on living organisms. this research aims at developing a computational model to determine the impact of dioxin/furan pollution on the environtment, the society and the economy in order to provide a rational basis for policy development. the approach was to develop and validate a dynamic model of dioxin/furan emissions in cilegon, west java, indonesi

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Hatchery Skala Rumah Tangga (HSRT) Kerapu Hybrid Cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< Epinephelus lanceolatus)

ABSTRAKTingkat kelangsungan hidup benih kerapu hybrid cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &gt;&lt; Epinephelus lanceolatus) yang dihasilkan di Situbondo adalah ≤10%, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil produksi dan merumuskan strategi alternatif pengembangan usaha pembenihan kerapu hybrid cantang skala rumah tangga (HSRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor internal dan ekstrenal secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil produksi pada usaha HSRT kerapu hybrid cantang (R2 = 0,798). Artinya 79,8% variasi perubahan produksi benih ikan kerapu hybrid cantang ditentukan oleh variabel bebas (sumber daya, penerapan cara pembenihan ikan yang baik (CPIB), biaya produksi, dan peran pemerintah), sedangkan sisanya sebesar 20,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain. Pengujian secara individual (hipotesis minor) terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil produksi yaitu sumber daya, penerapan CPIB dan biaya produksi. Pemilihan prioritas strategi pengembangan usaha HSRT kerapu hybrid cantang adalah peningkatan penerapan CPIB terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengembangan pasar, dan berlanjut pada strategi pengaturan hasil produksi.ABSTRACTIn small scale hatchery of hybrid grouper, the survival rate of cantang hybrid grouper  (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus &gt;&lt; Epinephelus lanceolatus) was only ≤10%. The study aims to analyze several factors in which have a effect on production level and to formulate an alternative development business strategy on  hybrid grouper small scale hatchery. The research results indicated that several internal and external factors have a significant effect on production level on small scale hatchery of hybrid grouper (R2=0.798). It means that 79.8 % of change variable of hybrid grouper production was determined by free variables (resources, implementation of good aquaculture method, cost production, and role of government). However, the remaining value (20,2 %) was influenced by other factors in which out of this research scope. The selection of priority strategy on business development of hybrid grouper small scale hatchery is implementation of CPIB followed by market expansion and management of production level

ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG PERAIRAN LAUT UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN DALAM KARAMBA JARING APUNG

ABSTRAKKabupaten Situbondo memiliki potensi pengembangan budidaya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung (KJA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian perairn, daya dukung, distribusi plankton dan klorofil-a serta aspek mikrobiologi perairan untuk budidaya ikan KJA di kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Lokasi penelitian adalah perairan pesisir kawasan budidaya KJA Kecamatan Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo Propinsi Jawa Timur. Pengumpulan data parameter biofisik dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yaitu pada bulan Juni-Juli 2019 (musim kemarau). Analisis data meliputi analisis kesesuaian perairan, analisis daya dukung perairan dengan pendekatan kapasitas perairan, analisis plankton dan klorofil-a, dan analisis mikrobiologi (total bakteri dan Vibrio sp). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada zona I (90,75) ha terdapat 20,5 ha memiliki kriteria sangat sesuai dan dapat ditempati 404 unit KJA (1 unit=101,2383 m2). Pada zona II (49,23) ha terdapat 17,41 ha memiliki kriteria kelas sangat sesuai dapat ditempati 343 unit KJA. Zona III (82,9) ha dengan luasan 13,76 ha memiliki kriteria sangat sesuai dan dapat ditempati KJA sejumlah 217 unit. Jumlah KJA yang ada di Zona I adalah 10 unit (2,47%) dari kapasitas maksimum, dan pada Zona II terdapat 207 unit (60,34%), serta belum ada KJA pada zona III (0%). Perairan di lokasi penelitian sangat baik untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan di KJA, jumlah KJA zona I dan III masih memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan. Jumlah KJA di Zona II perlu dilakukan penataan ulang agar tidak terpusat di satu area dan perlu pengawasan agar peningkatan KJA tidak melebihi daya dukung perairan. ABSTRACTSitubondo Regency has the potential to develop fish farming in floating net cages (KJA). This study aims to analyze the suitability of waters, carrying capacity, distribution of plankton and chlorophyll-a as well as aspects of water microbiology for KJA fish farming in the coastal area of Kendit District, Situbondo Regency. The research method used the survey method. The research location is the coastal waters of KJA cultivation area, Kendit District, Situbondo Regency, East Java Province. Biophysical parameter data collection was carried out for two months, namely in June-July 2019 (dry season). Data analysis includes suitability analysis, carrying capacity analysis with water capacity approach, plankton and chlorophyll-a analysis, and microbiological analysis (total bacteria and Vibrio sp). The results showed that in the zone I (90.75) ha there was 20.5 ha which had very suitable criteria and could be occupied by 404 units of the marine cage (1 unit = 101.283 m2). In zone II (49.23) ha, there is 17.41 ha which has very suitable class criteria which can be occupied by 343 KJA units. Zone III (82.9) ha with an area of 13.76 ha has very suitable criteria and can be occupied by 217 units of KJA. The number of the marine cage in Zone I is 10 units (2.47%) of the maximum capacity, and in Zone II there are 207 units (60.34%), and there is no KJA in zone III (0%). The waters in the research location are very good for fish farming activities in KJA, the number of KJA zones I and III is still possible to be developed. The number of the marine cage in Zone II needs to be rearranged so that it is not concentrated in one area and it is necessary to monitor so that the increase in the marine cage does not exceed the carrying capacity

ANALISIS PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT PADA SEDIMEN PERMUKAAN DI DASAR PERAIRAN LAUT PULAU PASARAN

Estuaries are areas with a high risk of contamination caused by heavy metal accumulation, namely nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). The contamination usually comes from anthropogenic activities, such as household chores, shipping, and industrial activities. One of the water areas located around the estuary area is the sea waters on Pasaran Island. This area is known as one of the centers for producing salted fish in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The area also catches and cultivates seafood, such as fish and shellfish. This study aims to analyze the level of pollution of heavy metals, namely Ni, Cd, Pb, and Hg in surface sediments at the seabed of Pasaran Island. The research design is a descriptive quantitative method by assessing the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to analyze the contamination levels. The results showed that the surface sediments on the seabed of Pasaran Island had no indications of Ni, Cd, and Hg contamination. However, the Igeo calculation results indicated Pb contamination with levels of heavy to very heavy pollution.Kawasan muara merupakan salah satu ekosistem perairan yang sering mengalami kontaminasi logam berat seperti nikel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), timbal (Pb), dan merkuri (Hg). Kontaminasi tersebut biasanya berasal dari aktivitas manusia seperti kegiatan rumah tangga, aktivitas perkapalan, dan kegiatan industri. Salah satu wilayah perairan yang terletak di sekitar kawasan muara adalah perairan laut di sekitar Pulau Pasaran. Kawasan ini terkenal sebagai salah satu sentra pembuatan ikan asin di Provinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Kawasan tersebut juga digunakan sebagai tempat penangkapan dan budi daya sumber daya kelautan seperti ikan dan kerang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pencemaran logam berat jenis Ni, Cd, Pb, dan Hg yang terdapat pada sedimen permukaan di dasar laut Pulau Pasaran. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menganalisis tingkat pencemaran menggunakan Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimen permukaan di dasar laut Pulau Pasaran tidak terindikasi mengalami pencemaran Ni, Cd, dan Hg. Meski demikian, hasil penghitungan Igeo mengindikasikan adanya kontaminasi Pb dengan tingkat pencemaran berat hingga tercemar sangat berat

Pengaruh Sosialisasi, Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi, serta Dukungan Pemerintah Terhadap Adopsi Inovasi Pengelolaan Sampah Organik: The Effect of Socialization, Socio-Economic Conditions and Governemnt Support on The Adoptionof Organic Waste Innovation

Successful of organic waste management is closely related to the adoption of innovation by the community. This study aims to see the effect of socio-economic conditions, socialization and government support to the adoption of organic waste management innovation. Research location was in Perak Utara Village, Pabean Cantikan District, Surabaya for 100 respondents. Independent variables are socialization programs, socio-economic conditions and government support while innovation adoption is the dependent variable. Data was obtained through a questionnaire. Data analysis used SPSS 25.00 for windows. Through linear regression analysis, the influence of independent variables consists of socialization program (X1), socio-economic conditions (X2) and government support (X3) on the dependent variable adoption of innovation (Y) are obtained by equation: Y' = -0.830 + 0.525X1 + 0.132X2 + 0.610 X2 + e. Without good social economic conditions (X1 = 0), no outreach program (X2 = 0) and without government support (X3 = 0) will have a negative effect on innovation adoption. Determination analysis shows the influence of independent variables to the dependent variable is 63.1% or socialization program, socio-economic conditions and government support are able to explain 63.1% of the innovation adoption, while remaining 36.9 % is influenced by other variables outside of this study. &nbsp

STRATEGI BUDIDAYA IKAN KOKI BASTER (Carasius Auratus) RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DALAM UPAYAMENINGKATAN PRODUKSI

Koki baster fish (Carasius auratus) or goldfish, besides as ornamental fish are also used as fish feed and fishing bait which demand tends to increase from year to year.&nbsp;However, from 2012 to 2015, the production of koki baster fish has decreased. This study aims to analyze the application of the management of koki baster fish in Cisaat Subdistrict, Sukabumi Regency, so that a management strategy can be formulated in developing environmentally friendly koki baster in Sukabumi Regency.&nbsp;Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, questionnaires and documentation.&nbsp;The questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents who were conducting hatchery for koki baster&nbsp;that scattered in 13 villages in Cisaat Subdistrict. As comparative data,&nbsp;the hatchery of koki baster fish was conducted in the research pond. The variables used are the aquaculture stage (x) consisting of lime dosage, organic fertilizer, anorganic fertilizer, water height, female parent, parent feed, comparison of male and female parent, parent age, larvae feed and duration to number of larvae (y). The variables were analyzed by validity, reliability, multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis using SPSS and Minitab application. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis obtained the relationship between variables in the seeding stage with the number of larvae. Correlation test showed that the variable use of fertilizers had a positive correlation of 69,5% to the number of larvae. Conversely, the variable water height has a negative value on the number of larvae, which is -3.5%. The principal component analysis showed that the variable use of organic fertilizer, anorganic fertilizer and larvae feed was in the first component area. It means that the variable has a large correlation to the number of larvae. The conclusion of there search is the community does not yet have standard in managing fish hatching of koki baster&nbsp;fish, they only rely on experience and habits so that the obtained production is still low.&nbsp;Strategies to increase the production of koki baster&nbsp;fish&nbsp;are need to be standardized on how to farm koki baster&nbsp;fish,&nbsp;standarized&nbsp;koki baster fish and community coaching on the need to carry out the stages of koki baster fish breeding in accordance with the good and environmentally friendly method of fish hatchery. &nbsp; Ikan koki baster (Carasius auratus) selain sebagai ikan hias juga digunakan sebagai pakan ikan dan umpan pancing yang permintaannnya cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Namun demikian dari tahun 2012 hingga 2015, produksi ikan baster mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa penerapan manajemen usaha budidaya ikan koki baster di Kecamatan Cisaat Kabupaten Sukabumi sehingga dapat dirumuskan strategi pengelolaan dalam pengembangan budidaya ikan koki baster di Kabupaten Sukabumi yang ramah lingkungan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, pengamatan, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 100 orang responden yang melakukan kegiatan pembenihan ikan koki baster di 13 desa yang tersebar di Kecamatan Cisaat. Sebagai data pembanding dilakukan kegiatan pembenihan ikan koki baster di kolam penelitian. Variabel yang digunakan dalam analisis keterkaitan produksi adalah tahapan budidaya (x) yang terdiri atas dosis kapur, pupuk organik, pupuk anorganik, tinggi air, induk betina, pakan induk, perbandingan induk jantan dan betina, umur induk, pakan larva, dan lama pemeliharaan terhadap jumlah larva (y). Variabel-variabel tersebut dianalisis dengan regresi berganda dan analisa komponen utama menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dan Minitab yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.&nbsp; Berdasarkan hasil analisa regresi berganda diperoleh keterkaitan antara varibael-variabel dalam tahapan pembenihan dengan jumlah larva. Uji korelasi menunjukan variabel penggunaan pupuk berkorelasi positif sebesar 69,5% terhadap jumlah larva.&nbsp; Sebaliknya variabel tinggi air memiliki nilai korelasi negatif terhadap jumlah larva yaitu sebesar -3,5%.&nbsp; Analisa komponen utama menunjukan bahwa variabel penggunaan pupuk organik, pupuk anorganik dan pakan larva&nbsp; berada pada wilayah&nbsp;first component&nbsp;artinya variabel tersebut memiliki korelasi yang besar terhadap jumlah larva. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat belum memiliki standar dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan pembenihan ikan koki baster, hanya mengandalkan pengalaman dan kebiasaan saja sehingga produksi yang diperoleh masih rendah. Strategi untuk meningkatkan produksi ikan koki baster di masyarakat, perlu adanya standar tentang cara budidaya ikan koki baster, standardisasi ikan koki baster dan pembinaan kepada masyarakat tentang perlunya melaksanakan tahapan-tahapan budidaya ikan koki baster sesuai dengan cara pembenihan ikan yang baik dan ramah lingkungan

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR FISHERY ACTIVITIES IN THE NUSANTARA FISHERY PORT (PPN) PEKALONGAN, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

The fishing port is a key infrastructure of fisheries management to support the economy of a region and improve the welfare of coastal communities. The fishing port must be able to serve or support the activities of fishing vessels, either landing fish or going to sea with the support of existing facilities. The purpose of this research is to formulate a strategy to increase fishery activity at the Nusantara Fishery Port (PPN) Pekalongan. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation and interviews, as well as additional data in the form of literature studies. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). The results showed that in formulating a strategy to increase fishery activities in PPN Pekalongan, the identification stage was carried out on internal factors as well as external factors. Based on the SWOT analysis, the data on the internal and external analysis of each factor are summarized as follows: 1. Total Strength Score = 1.871; 2. Total Weakness Score = 0.934; 3. Total Odds Score = 1,546; and 4. Total Threat Score = 1.005. The S-O strategy is implemented by implementing increased publication of potential ports to attract investors in investing in PPN, increasing cooperation between the management and supervisory agencies in the field of supervision of fishery resources and also developing the Pekalongan PPN by building the required fishing port facilities