The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps (EPs) are a frequently encountered gynecologic disease with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility being the two common presenting problems, and hysteroscopic polypectomy is an effective method to remove them. The postoperative polyp recurrence might result in reappearance of abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility, whereas factors influencing the postoperative recurrence potential have limited data. Endometrial polyp recurrence remains a concern with recurrence rates of 2.5% to 43.6%. As such, it is critical to identify the risk factors and the preventive measures for endometrial recurrence, especially in reproductive-age women desiring future conception, to aid in clinical counselling and decision making. The recurrence of EPs is related to estrogen stimulation and endometrial hyperplasia. The progesterone-containing drugs are currently the most commonly used method to prevent the recurrence of EPs. In this article, authors aim to discuss the high-risk factors of EPs recurrence and the preventive measures for EPs recurrence. The preventive measures will focus on the combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)

How drivers respond to visual vs. auditory information in advisory traffic information systems

To date, many efforts have been made to explore how to support driver\u27s decision-making process with advisory information. Previous studies mainly focus on a single modality, e.g. the visual, auditory or haptic modality. In contrast, this study compares data from two simulator studies with 50 participants in total, where the visual vs. the auditory modality was used to present the same type of advisory traffic information under the same driving scenarios. Hereby we compare the effect of these two modalities on drivers\u27 responses and driving performance. Our findings indicate that modality influences the drivers\u27 behaviour patterns significantly. Visual information helps drivers to drive more accurately and efficiently, whereas auditory information supports quicker responses. This suggests that there are potential benefits in applying both modalities in tandem, as they complement each other. Correspondingly, we present several design recommendations on Advisory Traffic Information Systems

High Flow Nasal Catheter (HFNC) for Sepsis Induced Respiratory Failure After Extubation Meta Analysis of Clinical Control Studies on Reintubation Rate and Mortality

Objective: To analyze the reintubation rate and mortality of patients with sepsis complicated (or induced) respiratory failure after extubation, and to seek evidence-based basis for the efficacy of HFNC in the re intubation rate and mortality of sepsis induced respiratory failure after extubation. Methods: The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang were searched to find the clinical studies of patients with sepsis and respiratory failure, and meta-analysis was carried out by Stata software. Results: Meta analysis showed that there was no significant difference between HFNC and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in 72 hour reintubation rate, mortality during ICU and 28-day in hospital. Conclusion: The reintubation rate and mortality of HFNC after extubation in sepsis induced respiratory failure are equivalent to that of NPPV

Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with probiotics: an overview of systematic reviews

BackgroundProbiotics has been used as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed to systematically compile, evaluate, and synthesize previous systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) on the prevention of VAP with probiotics.MethodsThe methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of enrolled studies were, respectively evaluated by Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklists, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.ResultsThirteen eligible publications were analyzed in this overview. The included studies were rated as generally low methodological quality owing to the lack of a registered protocol or a list of exclusion criteria. The inadequate quality of the reports was demonstrated by the lack of reporting on the registration protocols, the lack of reporting on the search strategy, and the lack of reporting on the additional analyses. For GRADE, there were 36.17% (17/47) outcomes graded to be of moderate quality, 42.55% (20/47) to be of low quality, and 21.28% (10/47) to be of very low quality.ConclusionProbiotics may be associated with reduced incidence of VAP. However, caution should be exercised when recommending probiotics for the prevention of VAP owing to the poor quality of the current evidence

Towards an immersive learning knowledge tree: a conceptual framework for mapping knowledge and tools in the field

iLRN 2021. Online and in Virtual Reality (17 May - 10 June, 2021)The interdisciplinary field of immersive learning research is scattered. Combining efforts for better exploration of this field from the different disciplines requires researchers to communicate and coordinate effectively. We call upon the community of immersive learning researchers for planting the Knowledge Tree of Immersive Learning Research, a proposal for a systematization effort for this field, combining both scholarly and practical knowledge, cultivating a robust and ever-growing knowledge base and methodological toolbox for immersive learning. This endeavor aims at promoting evidence-informed practice and guiding future research in the field. This paper contributes with the rationale for three objectives: 1) Developing common scientific terminology amidst the community of researchers; 2) Cultivating a common understanding of methodology, and 3) Advancing common use of theoretical approaches, frameworks, and models.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Delivery of Quantum Dot-siRNA Nanoplexes in SK-N-SH Cells for BACE1 Gene Silencing and Intracellular Imaging

The fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) delivered small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting β-secretase (BACE1) to achieve high transfection efficiency of siRNAs and reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) in nerve cells. The CdSe/ZnS QDs with the conjugation of amino-polyethylene glycol (PEG) were synthesized. Negatively charged siRNAs were electrostatically adsorbed to the surface of QDs to develop QD-PEG/siRNA nanoplexes. The QD-PEG/siRNAs nanoplexes significantly promote the transfection efficiency of siRNA, and the siRNAs from non-packaged nanoplexes were widely distributed in cell bodies and processes and efficiently silenced BACE1 gene, leading to the reduction of Aβ. The biodegradable PEG polymer coating could protect QDs from being exposed to the intracellular environment and restrained the release of toxic Cd2+. Therefore, the QD-PEG/siRNA nanoplexes reported here might serve as ideal carriers for siRNAs. We developed a novel method of siRNA delivery into nerve cells. We first reported that the QD-PEG/siRNA nanoplexes were generated by the electrostatic interaction and inhibited the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated BACE1 gene. We also first revealed the dynamics of QD-PEG/siRNAs within nerve cells via confocal microscopy and the ultrastructural evidences under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This technology might hold promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD

LncRNA DANCR restrained the survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra by sponging miR-1301-3p/miR-5194

Tuberculosis is a worldwide contagion caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). MTB is characterized by intracellular parasitism and is semi-dormant inside host cells. The persistent inflammation caused by MTB can form a granuloma in lesion regions and intensify the latency of bacteria. In recent years, several studies have proven that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in modulating autophagy. In our study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were searched for lncRNAs that are associated with tuberculosis. We found that lncRNA differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) increased in the peripheral blood samples collected from 54 pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to 23 healthy donors. By constructing DANCR overexpression cells, we analyzed the possible cellular function of DANCR. After analyzing our experiments, it was found that the data revealed that upregulation of DANCR facilitated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, autophagy-related 4D cysteine peptides, autophagy-related 5, Ras homolog enriched in the brain, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (STAT3, ATG4D, ATG5, RHEB, and LC3, respectively) by sponging miR-1301-3p and miR-5194. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that DANCR played a positive role in both autophagosome formation and fusion of autolysosomes in macrophages. The colony-forming unit (CFU) assay data also showed that the cells overexpressing DANCR were more efficient in eliminating the intracellular H37Ra strain. Consequently, these data suggest that DANCR restrained intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis by promoting autophagy via miR-1301-3p and miR-5194

A novel HD-Zip I/C2H2-ZFP/WD-repeat complex regulates the size of spine base in cucumber

Fruit spine is an important trait in cucumber, affecting not only commercial quality, but also fruit smoothness, transportation and storage. Spine size is determined by a multi-cellular base. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cucumber spine base remains largely unknown. Here, we report map-based cloning and characterization of a spine base size 1 (SBS1) gene, encoding a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor.Near-isogenic lines of cucumber were used to map, identify and quantify cucumber spine base size 1 (CsSBS1). Yeast-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and RNA-sequencing assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CsSBS1 in regulating spine base size development.CsSBS1 was specifically expressed in cucumber ovaries with particularly high expression in fruit spines. Overexpression of CsSBS1 resulted in large fruit spine base, while RNA-interference silencing of CsSBS1 inhibited the expansion of fruit spine base. Sequence analysis of natural cucumber accessions revealed that CsSBS1 was lost in small spine base accessions, resulting from a 4895 bp fragment deletion in CsSBS1 locus. CsSBS1 can form a trimeric complex with two positive regulators CsTTG1 and CsGL1 to regulate spine base development through ethylene signaling.A novel regulator network is proposed that the CsGL1/CsSBS1/CsTTG1 complex plays a significant role in regulating spine base formation and size, which offers a strategy for cucumber breeders to develop smooth fruit.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31902020, 31972427), the Zhongyuan Youth Talent Program (ZYQR201912161), the Key Research Project of Henan institutions of higher learning (20A210015), the Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents of Henan Province (21HASTIT038), and the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province (201300111300).Peer reviewe