Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Captured on Purple Prism Traps Deployed for Detection of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Minnesota

The observation of bycatch from insect trapping programs, though often considered bothersome, may hold value for ecological and taxonomic studies. In Minnesota, a large trapping survey consisting of pheromone-baited purple prism traps, has been conducted for early detection of Agrilus planipennis, the emerald ash borer. Stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which are pests of increasing importance in the North Central U.S., were observed to be captured by these traps. The objective of this study was to use trap bycatch from the A. planipennis traps for further documentation of the abundance and diversity of Pentatomidae in Minnesota. In 2011 and 2012, 4,401 and 5,651 purple prism traps were deployed and checked in Minnesota, respectively. Across both years, a total of 17 species of Pentatomidae were identified from 2 subfamilies, Asopinae and Pentatominae. The most abundant and prevalent species collected were Banasa calva (Say), B. dimidiata (Say), Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus tristigmus luridus Dallas, Menecles insertus (Say), and Podisus maculiventris (Say). The pentatomid community observed on purple prism traps deployed in arboreal habitats differed from pentatomid communities reported in Minnesota crops (i.e., soybean, wheat and corn). Results of this study show that many pentatomid species are captured on purple prism traps and therefore bycatch of these traps could provide valuable information on the pentatomid community. However, purple prism traps should be used in addition to traditional surveillance or scouting methods for pentatomids

Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Captured on Purple Prism Traps Deployed for Detection of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Minnesota

The observation of bycatch from insect trapping programs, though often considered bothersome, may hold value for ecological and taxonomic studies. In Minnesota, a large trapping survey consisting of pheromone-baited purple prism traps, has been conducted for early detection of Agrilus planipennis, the emerald ash borer. Stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which are pests of increasing importance in the North Central U.S., were observed to be captured by these traps. The objective of this study was to use trap bycatch from the A. planipennis traps for further documentation of the abundance and diversity of Pentatomidae in Minnesota. In 2011 and 2012, 4,401 and 5,651 purple prism traps were deployed and checked in Minnesota, respectively. Across both years, a total of 17 species of Pentatomidae were identified from 2 subfamilies, Asopinae and Pentatominae. The most abundant and prevalent species collected were Banasa calva (Say), B. dimidiata (Say), Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus tristigmus luridus Dallas, Menecles insertus (Say), and Podisus maculiventris (Say). The pentatomid community observed on purple prism traps deployed in arboreal habitats differed from pentatomid communities reported in Minnesota crops (i.e., soybean, wheat and corn). Results of this study show that many pentatomid species are captured on purple prism traps and therefore bycatch of these traps could provide valuable information on the pentatomid community. However, purple prism traps should be used in addition to traditional surveillance or scouting methods for pentatomids

AVALIAÇÃO DA MORFOLOGIA DE RESINAS COMPOSTAS SUBMETIDAS A POLIMENTO

Sabe-se que, em situações clínicas, a maioria das restaurações precisa de ajuste final, sendo necessários o acabamento e o polimento, pois uma restauração bem polida contribui para o conforto do paciente, para a durabilidade da restauração e para a qualidade da lisura da superfície e brilho final. Além disso, a rugosidade superficial produzida em razão da negligência do polimento pode desencadear acúmulo de placa, irritação gengival, suscetibilidade à pigmentação, aumento nas taxas de desgaste, cárie recorrente e comprometimento do brilho da restauração, resultando em uma depreciação da longevidade da restauração. É importante saber, ainda, que o acabamento é a redução da restauração, objetivando a obtenção da forma anatômica desejada, e o polimento consiste em reduzir a rugosidade causada pelos instrumentos do acabamento. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a superfície de Resinas Compostas submetidas a diferentes sistemas de polimento. Para isso, foram utilizados 20 corpos de prova, sendo 10 com Resina Composta Filtek Z350XT® e 10 com Resina Composta Opallis®. Os corpos de prova foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=2), observando-se que um grupo foi avaliado sem polimento, sendo este o grupo controle. Para os outros grupos, utilizaram-se diferentes sistemas de polimento, sendo eles Sof-Lex™ Discos Espirais Emborrachados para Acabamento e Polimento®, Sof-Lex Pop-On®, Pasta de acabamento e polimento Diamond ACI e ACII® e Astrobrush®. Após análise dos dados, avaliados por meio de Rugosímetro e Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura, verificou-se que para a Resina Composta Filtek Z350XT®, obteve-se melhor resultado com o sistema Sof-Lex Pop On® e o pior resultado, com o Sistema Sof-Lex Discos Espirais Emborrachados para Acabamento e Polimento®. Já para a Resina Composta Opallis®, o melhor resultado foi obtido a partir de polimento com Pasta de Acabamento e Polimento Diamond ACI e ACII® e o pior resultado, com o Sistema Sof-Lex Discos Espirais Emborrachados para Acabamento e Polimento®.Palavras-chave: Resinas compostas. Polimento dentário. Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura

Effects of artificial reservoirs on evapotranspiration and bird´s fauna

San Luis es una provincia Argentina cuyo clima semiárido propició la construcción de embalses en todo su territorio, generando preocupación por los efectos ambientales e hidrológicos a escala local y regional que pudieran provocar. En este sentido, la evapotranspiración (ET) ―principal salida de agua de cualquier ecosistema― constituye una parte importante del problema del balance hidrológico. A su vez, las comunidades de aves responden a la presencia de nuevos espejos de agua, donde la humedad representa una de las variables más relevantes y determinantes en la composición de la vegetación y disponibilidad de alimento. Es por ello que en este trabajo se relacionó la ET como un subrogante de la humedad, con la riqueza y abundancia de aves. Así, a partir de datos remotamente censados de ET, se determinó la dinámica espacio-temporal de dicha variable antes y después de la construcción de los embalses, obteniéndose umbrales espaciales de impacto sobre la misma. Además, se estudió la composición y abundancia de aves asociadas con los espejos de agua, y se correlacionó dicha información con la dinámica de la ET y la vegetación. Los resultados indican un incremento en los valores medios de ET hasta los 500 m de la margen de los embalses. Nuevos espejos de agua y mayores valores de ET, junto con hábitats heterogéneos con disturbios moderados, se corresponden con altos valores de diversidad de aves. Los embalses con fines turísticos se relacionan con nuevas urbanizaciones y aves generalistas.San Luis is an Argentine province whose semi-arid climate led to the construction of artificial water bodies throughout its territory, generating concern about the environmental and hydrological effects, on a local and regional scale, that these reservoirs could cause. In this sense, evapotranspiration (ET), the main water loss in any ecosystem, represents an important part of the water balance. Likewise, bird communities respond to the presence of new water mirrors, where the humidity represents one of the most relevant variables determining the vegetation composition and food availability. For this reason, ET was related to bird richness and abundance in this study, using ET as a surrogate of humidity. Thus, based on remotely sensed ET data, the timespace dynamics of the ET were determined before and after the construction of the reservoirs, obtaining space thresholds of their impact. In addition, the bird’s composition, and abundance were related to water mirrors here and correlated with the ET and vegetation dynamics. Results indicate an increase in the ET means values up to 500 m from the reservoir’s banks. New water mirrors, higher ET values, and heterogeneous habitats with moderate disturbance correlate to high bird diversity. Reservoirs used for touristic purposes are related to new urbanizations and generalist birds.Fil: Girolimetto, Daniela Teresita. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Turismo y Urbanismo; ArgentinaFil: Perepelizin, Pablo Victor. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Turismo y Urbanismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Walker, Elisabet. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Microbial Diversity in the Eukaryotic SAR Clade: Illuminating the Darkness Between Morphology and Molecular Data

Despite their diversity and ecological importance, many areas of the SAR—Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria—clade are poorly understood as the majority (90%) of SAR species lack molecular data and only 5% of species are from well-sampled families. Here, we review and summarize the state of knowledge about the three major clades of SAR, describing the diversity within each clade and identifying synapomorphies when possible. We also assess the “dark area” of SAR: the morphologically described species that are missing molecular data. The majority of molecular data for SAR lineages are characterized from marine samples and vertebrate hosts, highlighting the need for additional research effort in areas such as freshwater and terrestrial habitats and “non-vertebrate” hosts. We also describe the paucity of data on the biogeography of SAR species, and point to opportunities to illuminate diversity in this major eukaryotic clade. See also the video abstract above

Vector composition, abundance, biting patterns and malaria transmission intensity in Madang, Papua New Guinea: assessment after 7 years of an LLIN-based malaria control programme

Background: A malaria control programme based on distribution of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) and artemisinin combination therapy began in Papua New Guinea in 2009. After implementation of the programme, substantial reductions in vector abundance and malaria transmission intensity occurred. The research reported here investigated whether these reductions remained after seven years of sustained effort. Methods: All-night (18:00 to 06:00) mosquito collections were conducted using human landing catches and barrier screen methods in four villages of Madang Province between September 2016 and March 2017. Anopheles species identification and sporozoite infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were determined with molecular methods. Vector composition was expressed as the relative proportion of different species in villages, and vector abundance was quantified as the number of mosquitoes per barrier screen-night and per person-night. Transmission intensity was quantified as the number of sporozoite-infective vector bites per person-night. Results: Five Anopheles species were present, but vector composition varied greatly among villages. Anopheles koliensis, a strongly anthropophilic species was the most prevalent in Bulal, Matukar and Wasab villages, constituting 63.7–73.8% of all Anopheles, but in Megiar Anopheles farauti was the most prevalent species (97.6%). Vector abundance varied among villages (ranging from 2.8 to 72.3 Anopheles per screen-night and 2.2–31.1 Anopheles per person-night), and spatially within villages. Malaria transmission intensity varied among the villages, with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 infective Anopheles bites per person-night. Most (54.1–75.1%) of the Anopheles bites occurred outdoors, with a substantial proportion (25.5–50.8%) occurring before 22:00. Conclusion: The estimates of vector abundance and transmission intensity in the current study were comparable to or higher than estimates in the same villages in 2010–2012, indicating impeded programme effectiveness. Outdoor and early biting behaviours of vectors are some of the likely explanatory factors. Heterogeneity in vector composition, abundance and distribution among and within villages challenge malaria control programmes and must be considered when planning them

Dengue emergence in the temperate Argentinian province of Santa Fe, 2009–2020

Dengue virus (DENV) transmission occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical climates, but within the last decade it has extended to temperate regions. Santa Fe, a temperate province in Argentina, has experienced an increase in dengue cases and virus circulation since 2009, with the recent 2020 outbreak being the largest in the province to date. The aim of this work is to describe spatio-temporal fluctuations of dengue cases from 2009 to 2020 in Santa Fe Province. The data presented in this work provide a detailed description of DENV transmission for Santa Fe Province by department. These data are useful to assist in investigating drivers of dengue emergence in Santa Fe Province and for developing a better understanding of the drivers and the impacts of ongoing dengue emergence in temperate regions across the world. This work provides data useful for future studies including those investigating socio-ecological, climatic, and environmental factors associated with DENV transmission, as well as those investigating other variables related to the biology and the ecology of vector-borne diseases.Fil: López, María S.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Hidricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climatico.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Endemias Nacionales; ArgentinaFil: Jordan, Daniela I.. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Blatter, Evelyn. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Hidricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climatico.; ArgentinaFil: Walker, Elisabet. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Hidricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climatico.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Andrea Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Hidricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climatico.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Müller, Gabriela V.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Hidricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climatico.; ArgentinaFil: Mendicino, Diego Antonio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Endemias Nacionales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Robert, Michael A.. Virginia Commonwealth University; Estados UnidosFil: Estallo, Elizabet Lilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentin

Star formation in 30 Doradus

Using observations obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have studied the properties of the stellar populations in the central regions of 30 Dor, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The observations clearly reveal the presence of considerable differential extinction across the field. We characterise and quantify this effect using young massive main sequence stars to derive a statistical reddening correction for most objects in the field. We then search for pre-main sequence (PMS) stars by looking for objects with a strong (> 4 sigma) Halpha excess emission and find about 1150 of them over the entire field. Comparison of their location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with theoretical PMS evolutionary tracks for the appropriate metallicity reveals that about one third of these objects are younger than ~4Myr, compatible with the age of the massive stars in the central ionising cluster R136, whereas the rest have ages up to ~30Myr, with a median age of ~12Myr. This indicates that star formation has proceeded over an extended period of time, although we cannot discriminate between an extended episode and a series of short and frequent bursts that are not resolved in time. While the younger PMS population preferentially occupies the central regions of the cluster, older PMS objects are more uniformly distributed across the field and are remarkably few at the very centre of the cluster. We attribute this latter effect to photoevaporation of the older circumstellar discs caused by the massive ionising members of R136.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa