The Competition for Attention and the Evolution of Science

Whenever the amount of information produced exceeds the amount of attention available to consume it, a competition for attention is born. The competition is increasingly fierce in science where the exponential growth of information has forced its producers, consumers and gatekeepers to become increasingly selective in what they attend to and what they ignore. Paradoxically, as the criteria of selection among authors, editors and readers of scientific journal articles co-evolve, they show signs of becoming increasingly unscientific. The present article suggests how the paradox can be addressed with computer simulation, and what its implications for the future of science might be.Attention, Competition, Evolution, Information, Production, Consumption

Advancements in hydrogen generation, storage, and utilizations: A comprehensive review of current trends in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which emits toxic gases during its combustion. In that scenario, hydrogen is an eco-friendly fuel source with a calorific value of 120 MJ/kg which is significantly higher than fossil fuels. With a density of 0.09 kg/m3 at 273 K, hydrogen is just 1/14th that of air. Considering the enriched agricultural resources of Bangladesh, biomass gasification emerges as the most advantageous method for hydrogen production. Compared to other methods like steam reforming and electrolysis, biomass gasification offers significant cost advantages. Furthermore, being an overpopulated country generates significant organic waste annually. The mismanagement of these wastes creates problematic situations for both lives and surroundings. This review approaches the way of waste management and hydrogen production and additionally discusses the current scenario, several hydrogen production pathways, utilization, and storage. This study focused on hydrogen production and utilization in Bangladesh, which will help the researchers to identify suitable and cost-effective methods to obtain the decarbonization goal in the energy sector

Analysis and Optimization of Dysprosium-Doped Yellow Fiber Lasers for Ophthalmology Applications

In this paper, a Forward Time Centered Space (FTCS) method and an analytical method have been developed to fully investigate the $^{4}F_{9/2}$ to $^{6}H_{13/2}$ lasing transition of a dysprosium Dy$-$doped ZBLAN fiber which provides the potential of highly efficient yellow laser direct generation. This light source is of significant interest for treating diabetic retinopathy, which can cause blindness. The developed method's validity is confirmed through the comparison with experimental investigations of Dy$-$doped ZBLAN fiber lasers in other valid research. A full analysis of Dy$-$doped fiber laser including the population of the energy levels, power evolution of the laser and pump signals, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), excited state absorption (ESA), radiative and non-radiative time transition rates are presented. The developed numerical method gives a better understanding of the impact of ASE and ESA on laser performance. The influence of overlap integrals, output mirror reflectivity, and active fiber length on laser performance is investigated. The optimization criteria based on the different robust configurations of laser cavities are found which predict the slope efficiencies higher than half of the Stokes limit

The competition for attention and the evolution of science

Whenever the amount of information produced exceeds the amount of attention available to consume it, a competition for attention is born. The competition is increasingly fierce in science where the exponential growth of information has forced its producers, consumers and gatekeepers to become increasingly selective in what they attend to and what they ignore. Paradoxically, as the criteria of selection among authors, editors and readers of scientific journal articles co-evolve, they show signs of becoming increasingly unscientific. The present article suggests how the paradox can be addressed with computer simulation, and what its implications for the future of science might be

Quanty: An online game for eliciting the wisdom of the crowd

Abstract Quanty is an online game that anonymously pairs players to estimate distances, weights, sizes, frequencies and such from photographs. The degree to which players agree determines the number of points they receive. We hypothesized that this game would generate more accurate aggregated estimates than would singular estimates by exploiting the wisdom of the crowd. Ninety-six participants (50 in group 1 using the metric system, and 46 in group 2 using the non-metric system) estimated height, weight, and distance of various objects; aggregated estimates of each group were more likely to approach accurate answers than were individual estimates, especially when the aggregates were calculated using medians and median absolute deviations. Also, the majority of participants thought that the game was as fun as the popular game Te