Bruinkoolwinning en landschapsherstel: een landschapskroniek

In de Lausitz, in het oosten van Duitsland, ruim honderd kilometer ten zuiden van Berlijn bevinden zich bruinkoolmijnen. Het integreren van landschapsnarratie met het landschappelijk en ecologisch benaderen van landschapsherstel als uitgangspunt voor het ontwerpen aan voormalige bruinkoolmijnen in de Lausitz. Dat is de inzet van de masterstudie, waarover in dit artikel verslag wordt gedaa

Energy Transition: Missed Opportunities and Emerging Challenges for Landscape Planning and Designing

Making the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy seems inevitable. Because energy transition poses new challenges and opportunities to the discipline of landscape architecture, the questions addressed in this paper are: (1) what landscape architects can learn from successful energy transitions in Güssing, Jühnde and Samsø; and (2) to what extent landscape architecture (or other spatial disciplines) contributed to energy transition in the aforementioned cases. An exploratory, comparative case study was conducted to identify differences and similarities among the cases, to answer the research questions, and to formulate recommendations for further research and practice. The comparison indicated that the realized renewable energy systems are context-dependent and, therefore, specifically designed to meet the respective energy demand, making use of the available potentials for renewable energy generation and efficiency. Further success factors seemed to be the presence of (local) frontrunners and a certain degree of citizen participation. The relatively smooth implementation of renewable energy technologies in Jühnde and on Samsø may indicate the importance of careful and (partly) institutionalized consideration of landscape impact, siting and design. Comparing the cases against the literature demonstrated that landscape architects were not as involved as they, theoretically, could have been. However, particularly when the aim is sustainable development, rather than “merely” renewable energy provision, the integrative concept of “sustainable energy landscapes” can be the arena where landscape architecture and other disciplines meet to pursue global sustainability goals, while empowering local communities and safeguarding landscape quality

Beyond Fossils. Envisioning desired futures for two sustainable energy islands in the Dutch delta region

This book is the concrete product of an academic exercise: the Master’s course ‘Designing and Planning Sustainable Energy Islands Atelier.’ It is the condensed result of three months’ work by six teachers and sixty students from the disciplines of landscape architecture, spatial planning and cultural geography at Wageningen University. These people spent three months considering the matter of a sustainable energy future for Goeree-Overflakkee and Schouwen-Duiveland. They focused on the following four landscape types that are found on the islands: • The coastal landscape • The agricultural landscape • The recreati onal landscape • The urban landscape They envisioned a future in which enough renewable energy is generated to fulfi l at least the need of the island’s residents in a sustainable way

Application of social media in a regional design competition: a case study in the Netherlands

Many scholars argue for significant stakeholder involvement in landscape planning and design1 (for instance STEINITZ, 2012; BOOHER & INNES, 2002; CRAIG, 1998). Facilitating public engagement can be a challenging task, which involves the sharing of information, enabling citizens to form opinions, the exchange of opinions, and community building to create trust and acceptance (MACINTOSH, 2008). When applying traditional methods for participation – such as participation meetings and workshops – accessibility and inclusiveness of the process can be problematic due to boundaries in time and space. Web-based methods offer participants the opportunity to engage without being physically present, at a time and place that suits them, and anonymously if necessary (BRABHAM, 2009; MACINTOSH, 2008; VAN LAMMEREN ET AL., 2007). Moreover, new technologies allow interactions with the public at relatively low cost and high levels of efficiency (MACINTOSH, 2008; KAPLAN & HAENLEIN, 2009; BRABHAM, 2009, KINGSTON ET AL., 2000). Several publications explore the potential use of web based technologies to enhance public involvement in spatial planning and design, for instance in the form of online visualization tools (VERVOORT ET AL, 2010; SHEN, 2009), serious games (POPLIN, 2012), so-called argumentation maps (RINNER ET AL., 2008) and crowdsourcing (JEANSSON ET AL., 2012, LIGTENBERG & VAN LAMMEREN, 2012; HAMMON & HIPPNER, 2012; BRABHAM, 2009); all advocating further development of such technologies to enable online participation and collaboration in planning and design. The extent to which existing platforms, such as social networking sites of MySpace and Facebook, can support participation and collaboration is rather underestimated in planning and design literature and practice. As we are witnessing increased use of social media in society – and the impact of social media on society – their use as a means to enable citizen participation and collaboration needs to be explored. In this paper, we analyse the role of social media in the Eo Wijers regional design competition in the Netherlands, which provides examples of the use of social media from the perspective of integrated design/ planning teams. We studied A) which social media the teams proposed and applied in the competition entries and B) the level of interaction with the public that the teams aimed for

Duurzame energiebeelden voor de Veenkoloniën op basis van energiepotentiekartering en netwerkanalyses

In juni 2010 is voor de Agenda voor de Veenkoloniën het project Hotspot Veenkoloniën van start gegaan. Binnen dit project is het hoge ambitieniveau gesteld om als regio meer koolstofdioxide vast te leggen dan er uitgestoten wordt. Hiermee zal het gebied een bijzonder grote bijdrage gaan leveren in het tegengaan van klimaatveranderingen. Voor de Hotspot Veenkoloniën zijn diverse deelprojecten uitgeschreven om vanuit verschillende disciplines en mogelijkheden aan deze doelstelling bij te dragen. In dit rapport is een drietal van deze deelprojecten opgenomen: de netwerkanalyse, de energiepotentiestudie en een integrale energievisie. De ruimtelijke bouwstenen van de eerste twee projecten vormen de input voor het ruimtelijke structuurbeeld. Deze integrale energievisie omvat een duurzame energievisie waarin ook rekening is gehouden met de uitkomsten van andere deelstudies

Comparison of outcome and characteristics between 6343 COVID-19 patients and 2256 other community-acquired viral pneumonia patients admitted to Dutch ICUs

Purpose: Describe the differences in characteristics and outcomes between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia patients admitted to Dutch ICUs. Materials and methods: Data from the National-Intensive-Care-Evaluation-registry of COVID-19 patients admitted between February 15th and January 1th 2021 and other viral pneumonia patients admitted between January 1st 2017 and January 1st 2020 were used. Patients' characteristics, the unadjusted, and adjusted in-hospital mortality were compared. Results: 6343 COVID-19 and 2256 other viral pneumonia patients from 79 ICUs were included. The COVID-19 patients included more male (71.3 vs 49.8%), had a higher Body-Mass-Index (28.1 vs 25.5), less comorbidities (42.2 vs 72.7%), and a prolonged hospital length of stay (19 vs 9 days). The COVID-19 patients had a significantly higher crude in-hospital mortality rate (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.80), after adjustment for patient characteristics and ICU occupancy rate the OR was respectively 3.62 and 3.58. Conclusion: Higher mortality among COVID-19 patients could not be explained by patient characteristics and higher ICU occupancy rates, indicating that COVID-19 is more severe compared to other viral pneumonia. Our findings confirm earlier warnings of a high need of ICU capacity and high mortality rates among relatively healthy COVID-19 patients as this may lead to a higher mental workload for the staff. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Parting with illusions in evolutionary ethics

I offer a critical analysis of a view that has become a dominant aspect of recent thought on the relationship between evolution and morality, and propose an alternative. An ingredient in Michael Ruse's 'error theory' (Ruse 1995) is that belief in moral (prescriptive, universal, and nonsubjective) guidelines arose in humans because such belief results in the performance of adaptive cooperative behaviors. This statement relies on two particular connections: between ostensible and intentional types of altruism, and between intentional altruism and morality. The latter connection is problematic because it makes morality redundant, its role having already been fulfilled by the psychological dispositions that constitute intentional altruism. Both behavioral ecology and moral psychology support this criticism, and neither human behavioral flexibility nor the self-regard / other-regard distinction can provide a defense of the error theory. I conclude that morality did not evolve to curb rampant selfishness; instead, the evolutionarily recent 'universal law' aspect of morality may function to update behavioral strategies which were adaptive in the paleolithic environment of our ancestors (to which our psychological dispositions are best adapted), by means of norms more appropriate to our novel social environment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42482/1/10539_2004_Article_5102509.pd

Gender differences in respiratory symptoms in 19-year-old adults born preterm

Objective: To study the prevalence of respiratory and atopic symptoms in (young) adults born prematurely, differences between those who did and did not develop Bronchopulmonary Disease (BPD) at neonatal age and differences in respiratory health between males and females. Methods: Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nation wide follow-up study, the Netherlands. Participants: 690 adults (19 year old) born with a gestational age below 32 completed weeks and/or with a birth weight less than 1500g. Controls were Dutch participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Main outcome measures: Presence of wheeze, shortness of breath, asthma, hay fever and eczema using the ECRHS-questionnaire

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo