Omnidirectional antennas transmit and receive over large bandwidth

For exchanging wideband signals between two distant ground stations, low-gain antennas with wide angular coverage and circular polarization are mounted on a single mast extending from a satellite. The transmitting antenna has two decoupled ports or inputs for eliminating switching problems when using two transmitters on different frequencies

Constitutional Law - Cruel and Unusual Punishment

Confinement under conditions shocking to the conscience of reasonably civilized people-The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that habeas corpus is available to seek relief from a confinement under conditions which amount to cruel and unusual punishment, even though the detention itself is legal. Commonwealth ex rel. Bryant v. Hendrick, 444 Pa. 83, 280 A.2d 110 (1971)

“Contraps”

Forms that purport to govern consumer transactions are a central component of our modern consumer economy. They are routinely enforced because consumers are said to “manifest assent” to them, despite the fact that they are not read and not intended to be read. Recent empirical work shows that virtually no one reads or understands consumer forms. This has cast into substantial doubt the conventional explanation for enforcement—that enough people are reading the forms to cause vendors to worry about lost sales resulting from nasty terms, that “market discipline” will thus limit vendor excess. Given the empirical findings, “assent” (in any common understanding of the word) cannot explain why we enforce terms found in forms; our attempts to reconcile enforcement with some version of knowing, voluntary action characteristic of “contract law” simply confuses the analysis. Policy choices would be substantially clarified if the confounding idea of “assent” were simply removed from the analysis. Removing consumer forms from the assent-based law of contracts—that is, changing how we teach and speak about this area of law—could be a first step towards reform

Curriculum renewal and achievement assessment via computer management systems in mathematics

This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the feasibility of bridging from the existing and renewed curriculum of a district to the curriculum and assessment materials based on research by the School Improvement Model (SIM) at Iowa State University\u27s College of Education. The research provides a direction and samples of each sequential step needed to incorporate goals and assessment components between the two curriculums. A bridging document was developed for this purpose. The steps included: (1) the assessment of current status of content and curriculum goals for the target subject, fifth and sixth grade mathematics, (2) staff training to provide a foundation for further curriculum and test development, (3) computerization of all curriculum management activities and assessments, (4) identification of strengths and limitations to the software package adopted for future users, (5) test all aspects of the strands, program goals, taxonomy levels, and learner outcomes, (6) documentation of all the activities and their sequence used through the use of a diary and a log of historical events and, (7) assessment of the effectiveness of the model and make suggestions for revisions;The study presents the steps relevant to the goal of: (1) providing a model of procedures for future use to facilitate the movement towards results-based education, as the term relates to the development of skills, concepts, and mastery learning; (2) providing a rubric useful to nation-wide practitioners in implementing those outcomes; and (3) provide an initiative for implementing mastery teaching and learning. The procedures delineated in this study should prove invaluable as a rubric for future practitioners of curriculum driven assessment with the assistance of a computer management system;This study utilized both case study and feasibility methodology

Evaulating Bankruptcy Mediation

This Article aims to do several things. First, it will briefly describe a court sponsored mediation program developed several years ago by the court and bankruptcy bar in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The program depended on trained mediators who did their work on court-selected bankruptcy matters on a pro bono basis. Partly because of its cost-free nature, the program created a need for periodic evaluation to ensure the court and bar that it was delivering positive results without inflicting undesirable hidden costs on the participants or the local bankruptcy system as a whole.