548 research outputs found
Business objects: the next step in component technology?
Component technology seems to be a promising approach towards more efficient software development by enabling application construction through “plug and play”. However, the middleware supporting this approach is still complicated to use and distracts the attention of the component developer from the application domain to technical implementation issues. Business objects are intended to hide the complexities of middleware approaches and provide an easy to use environment for application developers. We conceptualize business object approaches by presenting a common model and survey some major players in the marketplace. We conclude by identifying implications of business objects on information systems engineering.
The reaction 2H(p,pp)n in three kinematical configurations at E_p = 16 MeV
We measured the cross sections of the H(p,pp)n breakup reaction at
E=16 MeV in three kinematical configurations: the np final-state
interaction (FSI), the co-planar star (CST), and an intermediate-star (IST)
geometry. The cross sections are compared with theoretical predictions based on
the CD Bonn potential alone and combined with the updated 2-exchange
Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (TM99'), calculated without inclusion of
the Coulomb interaction. The resulting excellent agreement between data and
pure CD Bonn predictions in the FSI testifies to the smallness of three-nucleon
force (3NF) effects as well as the insignificance of the Coulomb force for this
particular configuration and energy. The CST also agrees well whereas the IST
results show small deviations between measurements and theory seen before in
the pd breakup space-star geometries which point to possible Coulomb effects.
An additional comparison with EFT predictions (without 3NF) up to order NLO
shows excellent agreement in the FSI case and a rather similar agreement as for
CD Bonn in the CST and IST situations.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Fuzzy cellular model for on-line traffic simulation
This paper introduces a fuzzy cellular model of road traffic that was
intended for on-line applications in traffic control. The presented model uses
fuzzy sets theory to deal with uncertainty of both input data and simulation
results. Vehicles are modelled individually, thus various classes of them can
be taken into consideration. In the proposed approach, all parameters of
vehicles are described by means of fuzzy numbers. The model was implemented in
a simulation of vehicles queue discharge process. Changes of the queue length
were analysed in this experiment and compared to the results of NaSch cellular
automata model.Comment: The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co
An Exactly Solvable Two-Way Traffic Model With Ordered Sequential Update
Within the formalism of matrix product ansatz, we study a two-species
asymmetric exclusion process with backward and forward site-ordered sequential
update. This model, which was originally introduced with the random sequential
update, describes a two-way traffic flow with a dynamic impurity and shows a
phase transition between the free flow and traffic jam. We investigate the
characteristics of this jamming and examine similarities and differences
between our results and those with random sequential update.Comment: 25 pages, Revtex, 7 ps file
Extended Smoothed Boundary Method for Solving Partial Differential Equations with General Boundary Conditions on Complex Boundaries
In this article, we describe an approach for solving partial differential
equations with general boundary conditions imposed on arbitrarily shaped
boundaries. A continuous function, the domain parameter, is used to modify the
original differential equations such that the equations are solved in the
region where a domain parameter takes a specified value while boundary
conditions are imposed on the region where the value of the domain parameter
varies smoothly across a short distance. The mathematical derivations are
straightforward and generically applicable to a wide variety of partial
differential equations. To demonstrate the general applicability of the
approach, we provide four examples herein: (1) the diffusion equation with both
Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions; (2) the diffusion equation with both
surface diffusion and reaction; (3) the mechanical equilibrium equation; and
(4) the equation for phase transformation with the presence of additional
boundaries. The solutions for several of these cases are validated against
corresponding analytical and semi-analytical solutions. The potential of the
approach is demonstrated with five applications: surface-reaction-diffusion
kinetics with a complex geometry, Kirkendall-effect-induced deformation,
thermal stress in a complex geometry, phase transformations affected by
substrate surfaces, and a self-propelled droplet.Comment: This document is the revised version of arXiv:0912.1288v
A novel chemogenomics analysis of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands: a potential strategy for receptor de-orphanization.
BACKGROUND: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a family of well-characterized drug targets with significant therapeutic value. Phylogenetic classifications may help to understand the characteristics of individual GPCRs and their subtypes. Previous phylogenetic classifications were all based on the sequences of receptors, adding only minor information about the ligand binding properties of the receptors. In this work, we compare a sequence-based classification of receptors to a ligand-based classification of the same group of receptors, and evaluate the potential to use sequence relatedness as a predictor for ligand interactions thus aiding the quest for ligands of orphan receptors. RESULTS: We present a classification of GPCRs that is purely based on their ligands, complementing sequence-based phylogenetic classifications of these receptors. Targets were hierarchically classified into phylogenetic trees, for both sequence space and ligand (substructure) space. The overall organization of the sequence-based tree and substructure-based tree was similar; in particular, the adenosine receptors cluster together as well as most peptide receptor subtypes (e.g. opioid, somatostatin) and adrenoceptor subtypes. In ligand space, the prostanoid and cannabinoid receptors are more distant from the other targets, whereas the tachykinin receptors, the oxytocin receptor, and serotonin receptors are closer to the other targets, which is indicative for ligand promiscuity. In 93% of the receptors studied, de-orphanization of a simulated orphan receptor using the ligands of related receptors performed better than random (AUC > 0.5) and for 35% of receptors de-orphanization performance was good (AUC > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a phylogenetic classification of GPCRs that is solely based on the ligands of these receptors. The similarities and differences with traditional sequence-based classifications were investigated: our ligand-based classification uncovers relationships among GPCRs that are not apparent from the sequence-based classification. This will shed light on potential cross-reactivity of GPCR ligands and will aid the design of new ligands with the desired activity profiles. In addition, we linked the ligand-based classification with a ligand-focused sequence-based classification described in literature and proved the potential of this method for de-orphanization of GPCRs.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are
Prehospital amputation : an experimental comparison of techniques
"Prehospital limb amputation is a rare, but potentially lifesaving intervention. When adequate resuscitation is not possible due to difficult patient access, hemodynamically unstable patients may benefit from an emergent prehospital amputation. There have been a limited number of case reports detailing prehospital amputation. Furthermore, there has only been one experimental trial. Leech et al. explored prehospital-friendly methods of amputation on human cadavers; however, due to a small sample size of four trials, the data has limited reliability."--Introduction
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