Catalist Performance of Syntetic Zeolite Zsm-5 – Al2o3 in Cracking Reaction of Palm Oil to Become Gasoline Fraction of Hydrocarbon

The requirement of fuel increases without balancing with its production causing the oil resources from fuel will immediately finished. Therefore, palm oil as renewable energy resources is selected for fuel production especially gasoline. Catalitic cracking process by using ZSM-5/Alumina catalys is selected in this research. The reaction was conducted in a simple fixed bed reactor with the pressure of 1.5 atm during half hour and WHSV 1,8 h-1 dan 2,4 h-1. The reaction result product then analyzed by using GC-FID for identify the gasoline fraction obtained, and FT-IR for identify the bonding kind of the samples. The baits used were pure palm oil, oxydized oil,POME (Palm Oil Methyl Esther), and oil with methanol. The parameters of the research were temperature (350 – 500 °C), catalist composition (5 - 20 %), and kinds of baits. The results showed that the composition of catalist 5% at reaction temperature of 400 °C with the bait of POME resulting the highest gasoline yield of 63,1%

Perancangan Buku Wisata Alam Di Wilayah Tapal Kuda, Jawa Timur Untuk Anak Usia 6 – 12 Tahun

Tapal Kuda merupakan sebuah wilayah di Jawa Timur. Tapal Kuda menyimpan banyak potensi wisatayang tersebar diseluruh wilayahnya. Besarnya potensi wisata ini tidak diimbangi dengan jumlah wisatawan TapalKuda, yang kalah dari daerah lain di Indonesia. Masyarakat cenderung memilih lokasi lain untuk berwisata danberlibur Bersama keluarga, seperti Bali, Lombok dan Jakarta. Melalui karya Tugas Akhir ini, diharapkan masyarakatdapat lebih mengenal wilayah Tapal Kuda dan mampu meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan ke objek-objek wisata diseluruh wilayah Tapal Kuda

Peningkatan Insulasi Akustik Dinding Luar Kamar Hotel Studi Kasus Di Dalam Bandar Udara

Dinding luar merupakan komponen bangunan pertama yang digunakan untuk mereduksi bising dari lingkungan luar. Suatu ruangan yang terdapat pada lingkungan Bandar Udara dikatakan nyaman apabila memiliki nilai LA01 = 35 dB dan LA10 = 30 dB. Dalam penelitian tentang peningkatan imsulasi akustik dinding luar kamar hotel, studi kasus di dalam bandar udara ini dilakukan pengukuran nilai insulasi akustik yang ada pada dinding luar kamar hotel di daerah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mendesain ulang dinding luar dengan menentukan spesifikasi dinding dan jendela agar sesuai dengan lingkungan dan memenuhi nilai standar yang telah ditetapkan dengan menggunakan metode SRI (Sound Reduction Index). Hasil desain alternatif yang memakai material dinding beton setebal 20 cm dan jendela mati dengan kaca ganda ukuran 6mm/100mm/8mm pada dinding luar mampu mereduksi bising dari luar sebesar 54,59 dB. Pengurangan dengan nilai LA01 dan LA10 sudah mendekati nilai standar yang ditentukan oleh badan standar Eropa

Perbedaan Pendidikan Kelompok Sebaya Tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan di Perkotaan dan Perdesaan

Remaja berisiko terhadap pernikahan usia dini namun informasi tentang pendewasaan usia perkawinan masih kurang. Pendidikan kelompok sebaya merupakan metode pendidikan kesehatan yang sesuai untuk remaja, namun belum terlaksana di lingkungan masyarakat baik perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Selain itu, belum terfokus pada pendewasaan usia perkawinan, sehingga perlu diketahui perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang pendewasaan usia perkawinan setelah pendidikan kelompok sebaya pada remaja di perkotaan dan perdesaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendidikan kelompok sebaya tentang pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai pendewasaan usia perkawinan antara remaja di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest pada 60 remaja yang dipilih secara acak sederhana di Desa Cileungsi (perkotaan) dan Desa Mampir (perdesaan) Kecamatan Cileungsi pada bulan Maret 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kelompok sebaya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja perkotaan serta perdesaan dengan p 0,05. Pendidikan kelompok sebaya dapat dilaksanakan di berbagai wilayah sehingga diperlukan dukungan berbagai pihak untuk pelatihan pendidik sebaya bagi remaja dan pengembangan di lingkungan masyarakat. The Difference of Peer Education about Maturation Age of Marriage in Urban and Rural Areas Adolescents are at risk of having early marriage, but they still lack of information about maturation age of marriage. Peer education is a suitable method to provide adolescents with health education. However, health education given to adolescents both in urban society and rural society has never used this method, and has not been focused on maturation age of marriage. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the difference between knowledge and attitude of urban adolescents and those of rural adolescents about maturation age of marriage after peer education method is used. This study was aimed to analyze the difference impacts of peer education on maturation age of marriage among urban and rural adolescents. This is a quasi experimental study using pre-test and post-test design on 60 adolescents who are selected using a simple random sampling, from Cileungsi Village (urban area) and Mampir Village (rural area) in Cileungsi Sub-district in March 2014. The results show that peer education is able to improve the knowledge and attitude about maturation age of marriage of adolescents with p 0.05 in both knowledge and attitude. Peer education can be implemented in all regions. Therefore, supports from all stakeholders is necessary to make some training for trainers in peer education for teenagers and its development in society

Steady-State Analysis of Load Balancing with Coxian-22 Distributed Service Times

This paper studies load balancing for many-server ($N$ servers) systems. Each server has a buffer of size $b-1,$ and can have at most one job in service and $b-1$ jobs in the buffer. The service time of a job follows the Coxian-2 distribution. We focus on steady-state performance of load balancing policies in the heavy traffic regime such that the normalized load of system is $\lambda = 1 - N^{-\alpha}$ for $0<\alpha<0.5.$ We identify a set of policies that achieve asymptotic zero waiting. The set of policies include several classical policies such as join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ), join-the-idle-queue (JIQ), idle-one-first (I1F) and power-of-$d$-choices (Po$d$) with $d=O(N^\alpha\log N)$. The proof of the main result is based on Stein's method and state space collapse. A key technical contribution of this paper is the iterative state space collapse approach that leads to a simple generator approximation when applying Stein's method

Iterated Conformal Dynamics and Laplacian Growth

The method of iterated conformal maps for the study of Diffusion Limited Aggregates (DLA) is generalized to the study of Laplacian Growth Patterns and related processes. We emphasize the fundamental difference between these processes: DLA is grown serially with constant size particles, while Laplacian patterns are grown by advancing each boundary point in parallel, proportionally to the gradient of the Laplacian field. We introduce a 2-parameter family of growth patterns that interpolates between DLA and a discrete version of Laplacian growth. The ultraviolet putative finite-time singularities are regularized here by a minimal tip size, equivalently for all the models in this family. With this we stress that the difference between DLA and Laplacian growth is NOT in the manner of ultraviolet regularization, but rather in their deeply different growth rules. The fractal dimensions of the asymptotic patterns depend continuously on the two parameters of the family, giving rise to a "phase diagram" in which DLA and discretized Laplacian growth are at the extreme ends. In particular we show that the fractal dimension of Laplacian growth patterns is much higher than the fractal dimension of DLA, with the possibility of dimension 2 for the former not excluded.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

On two problems in graph Ramsey theory

We study two classical problems in graph Ramsey theory, that of determining the Ramsey number of bounded-degree graphs and that of estimating the induced Ramsey number for a graph with a given number of vertices. The Ramsey number r(H) of a graph H is the least positive integer N such that every two-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains a monochromatic copy of H. A famous result of Chv\'atal, R\"{o}dl, Szemer\'edi and Trotter states that there exists a constant c(\Delta) such that r(H) \leq c(\Delta) n for every graph H with n vertices and maximum degree \Delta. The important open question is to determine the constant c(\Delta). The best results, both due to Graham, R\"{o}dl and Ruci\'nski, state that there are constants c and c' such that 2^{c' \Delta} \leq c(\Delta) \leq 2^{c \Delta \log^2 \Delta}. We improve this upper bound, showing that there is a constant c for which c(\Delta) \leq 2^{c \Delta \log \Delta}. The induced Ramsey number r_{ind}(H) of a graph H is the least positive integer N for which there exists a graph G on N vertices such that every two-coloring of the edges of G contains an induced monochromatic copy of H. Erd\H{o}s conjectured the existence of a constant c such that, for any graph H on n vertices, r_{ind}(H) \leq 2^{c n}. We move a step closer to proving this conjecture, showing that r_{ind} (H) \leq 2^{c n \log n}. This improves upon an earlier result of Kohayakawa, Pr\"{o}mel and R\"{o}dl by a factor of \log n in the exponent.Comment: 18 page

Consequences of marine barriers for genetic diversity of the coral-specialist yellowbar angelfish from the Northwestern Indian Ocean

© 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Ocean circulation, geological history, geographic distance, and seascape heterogeneity play an important role in phylogeography of coral-dependent fishes. Here, we investigate potential genetic population structure within the yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus) across the Northwestern Indian Ocean (NIO). We then discuss our results with respect to the above abiotic features in order to understand the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity of the species. To do so, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was utilized to carry out population genetic analyses on P. maculosus sampled throughout the species’ distributional range. First, genetic data were correlated to geographic and environmental distances, and tested for isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment, respectively, by applying the Mantel test. Secondly, we used distance-based and model-based methods for clustering genetic data. Our results suggest the presence of two putative barriers to dispersal; one off the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula and the other off northern Somalia, which together create three genetic subdivisions of P. maculosus within the NIO. Around the Arabian Peninsula, one genetic cluster was associated with the Red Sea and the adjacent Gulf of Aden in the west, and another cluster was associated with the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman in the east. Individuals sampled in Kenya represented a third genetic cluster. The geographic locations of genetic discontinuities observed between genetic subdivisions coincide with the presence of substantial upwelling systems, as well as habitat discontinuity. Our findings shed light on the origin and maintenance of genetic patterns in a common coral reef fish inhabiting the NIO, and reinforce the hypothesis that the evolution of marine fish species in this region has likely been shaped by multiple vicariance events

Dynamics, correlations and phases of the micromaser

The micromaser possesses a variety of dynamical phase transitions parametrized by the flux of atoms and the time-of-flight of the atom within the cavity. We discuss how these phases may be revealed to an observer outside the cavity using the long-time correlation length in the atomic beam. Some of the phase transitions are not reflected in the average excitation level of the outgoing atom, which is the commonly used observable. The correlation length is directly related to the leading eigenvalue of the time evolution operator, which we study in order to elucidate the phase structure. We find that as a function of the time-of-flight the transition from the thermal to the maser phase is characterized by a sharp peak in the correlation length. For longer times-of-flight there is a transition to a phase where the correlation length grows exponentially with the flux. We present a detailed numerical and analytical treatment of the different phases and discuss the physics behind them.Comment: 60 pages, 18 figure files, Latex + \special{} for the figures, (some redundant figures are eliminated and others are changed