Diagnóstico da incidência do enrolamento das folhas e do intumescimento dos ramos da videira em Santa Catarina

The use of contaminated propagative material has made possible the propagation of diseases such as the viruses of the grapevine leaf roll and the grapevine corky bark. The aim of this trial was to verify the incidence of the Grapevine leaf rollassociated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and the Grapevine virus B (GVB) in mother plants on important grapevine varietes for the stateof Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil. The GLRaV-3 was detected in samples collected in the regions of the Rio Itajaí Valley, of the Rio do Peixe Valley, and Serrana. The GVB was detected in samples collected in the regions of the Rio do Peixe Valley, and Serrana. The presence of these viruses in Santa Catarina recommends the careful choosing and sanitary evaluaton of matrix grape plants in the stock nursery as well as purchasing certfed plant material from ft nurseries. Supervision services must guarantee the obedience to the current legislaton.O uso de mudas de videira contaminadas tem permitido a propagação de doenças, como as viroses do enrolamento das folhas e do intumescimento dos ramos. Este trabalho verificou a incidência do Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) e do Grapevine virus B (GVB) em plantas-matrizes de variedades de importância para Santa Catarina. O GLRaV-3 foi detectado em amostras das regiões do Vale do Rio Itajaí, do Vale do Rio do Peixe e Serrana, e o GVB foi detectado em amostras das regiões do Vale do Rio do Peixe e Serrana. Isso indica a necessidade de adoção de medidas para avaliação e controle das principais viroses da videira. Aos viveiristas recomenda-se cautela na escolha das plantas-matrizes e avaliação de seu estado fitossanitário; aos viticultores, a aquisição de mudas certificadas provenientes de empresas idôneas; aos órgãos governamentais, a aplicação da legislação vigente

Caracterização molecular de videiras de Santa Catarina por marcadores microssatélites

The objective of this work was to characterize the grape germplasm in Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite DNA markers (simple sequence repeats – SSR). The DNA samples were collected from leaves and shoots of accessions of public and private collections from the counties Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira, and Água Doce. Ten SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31, and VVMD32) were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Molecular profiling was conducted for 190 grapevines (European, American, and hybrids), and 67 genotypes were obtained. The data were compared with each other and with those from the literature and from online databases, in order to identify varieties and discover cases of synonymy and homonymy. Forty molecular profiles corresponded to known varieties, while 27 genotypes were described for the first time. The existence of typical germplasm composed mainly of American and hybrid varieties is an important finding for local viticulture. Applications of the results rely on quality control and certification at the nursery level. Increasing precision in the characterization of grapevine genotypes may help breeding programs.O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade de videiras em Santa Catarina, por meio de marcadores moleculares microssatélites ("simple sequence repeats" – SSR). Amostras de DNA foram coletadas a partir de folhas e ramos de acessos de coleções de germoplasma públicas e privadas, nos municípios de Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira e Água Doce. Dez loci SSR (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31 e VVMD32) foram analisados por eletroforese capilar. Foram produzidos perfis moleculares de 190 acessos de videira (europeus, americanos e híbridos), e 67 genótipos foram individualizados. Os dados foram comparados entre si e com aqueles disponíveis em literatura e em bancos de dados online, para a identificação de correspondências e casos de sinonímia e homonímia. Quarenta perfis moleculares corresponderam a variedades conhecidas, e 27 genótipos foram descritos pela primeira vez. A existência de um germoplasma típico, composto principalmente de variedades americanas e híbridas, é um fator importante para a viticultura local. A aplicação desses resultados poderá contribuir para o controle de qualidade e a certificação de mudas. Além disso, aumentar a precisão no que tange à caracterização genética da videira, auxiliará os programas de melhoramento genético

Efeito de extrato de algas no enraizamento de estaca de pitaia

In Brazil, pitaya has assumed relevant marketing status as a result of the fruit high demand and the low national production. However, pitaya cultivation needs technical studies. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of algae extract and indolbutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of pitaya cuttings from species Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Pitaya cuttings were treated with IBA, algae extract, the combination of IBA and algae extract, and the control. For H. undatus the best responses for root number, volume and mass were obtained from cuttings treated with algae extract and the combination of IBA and algae extract. For H. polyrhizus, the best responses for number of shoots, volume and root mass were obtained in cuttings treated with IBA, algae extract and the combination of IBA and algae extract. The algae extract (SprintAlga TS®) is promising as an alternative or complement to IBA.No Brasil a pitaia tem assumido status mercadológico relevante, visto a alta demanda da fruta e a reduzida produção nacional. Contudo, a cultura da pitaia carece de estudos técnicos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de extrato de algas e do ácido Indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento e na brotação de estacas das espécies de pitaia Hylocereus undatus e Hylocereus polyrhizus. Estacas de pitaia foram tratadas com AIB, extrato de algas, combinação de AIB e extrato de algas, e a testemunha. Para H. undatus as melhores respostas de número, volume e massa de raízes foram obtidas em estacas tratadas com o extrato de algas e com a combinação de AIB e extrato de alga. Para H. polyrhizus as melhores respostas para número de brotações, volume e massa de raízes foram obtidas em estacas tratadas com o extrato de algas, com AIB e com a combinação de AIB e extrato de alga. O extrato de algas SprintAlga TS® se mostrou promissor como alternativa ou complemento ao AIB

Biostimulants and indolebutyric acid improve rooting of wood cuttings from different grapevine rootstocks

The rooting of rootstocks is considered a critical point in the production of high-quality grapevine planting material. To maximize the cutting rhizogenesis process, plant hormones, such as auxins, are used for the development of adventitious roots. In addition, some groups of biostimulant have as their main role the development of root system, ensuring good growth of the plant aerial part. However, research using algae extract-based biostimulants in vegetative propagation of vine rootstocks is scarce. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the biostimulant based on algae extract and indolebutyric acid (IBA), in the development of the root system and vegetative growth of grapevine rootstocks. The rootstocks evaluated were ‘3309 C’, ‘101-14 Mgt’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘99 R’, ‘110 R’, ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘420A Mgt’, ‘Solferino’, ‘Gravesac’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Salt Creek’ and ‘VR 043- 43’. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, arranged in a factorial scheme, involving 17 rootstocks associated with four treatments to stimulate rooting (IBA, algae extract, IBA + algae extract and control). The use of indolebutyric acid and algae extract-based biostimulant proved to be efficient in rooting woody cuttings from different vine rootstocks. The use of IBA, algae extract-based biostimulant and IBA combined with algae extract resulted in higher rates of rooting and development than the control. The rootstocks presenting the highest rooting rates and vegetative development were ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Freedom’. ‘Gravesac’, ‘101-14 Mgt’ and ‘99 R’, showing high rates of rooting and root development, but low vegetative development. The rootstocks exhibiting the lowest rooting rates and vegetative development were ‘Salt Creek’, ‘VR 043-43’ and ‘110 R’

Molecular characterization of grapevine from Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite markers

The objective of this work was to characterize the grape germplasm in Santa Catarina, Brazil, using microsatellite DNA markers (simple sequence repeats - SSR). The DNA samples were collected from leaves and shoots of accessions of public and private collections from the counties Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira, and Água Doce. Ten SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31, and VVMD32) were analysed by capillary electrophoresis. Molecular profiling was conducted for 190 grapevines (European, American, and hybrids), and 67 genotypes were obtained. The data were compared with each other and with those from the literature and from online databases, in order to identify varieties and discover cases of synonymy and homonymy. Forty molecular profiles corresponded to known varieties, while 27 genotypes were described for the first time. The existence of typical germplasm composed mainly of American and hybrid varieties is an important finding for local viticulture. Applications of the results rely on quality control and certification at the nursery level. Increasing precision in the characterization of grapevine genotypes may help breeding programs.O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade de videiras em Santa Catarina, por meio de marcadores moleculares microssatélites ("simple sequence repeats" - SSR). Amostras de DNA foram coletadas a partir de folhas e ramos de acessos de coleções de germoplasma públicas e privadas, nos municípios de Urussanga, Nova Trento, Rodeio, São Joaquim, Campos Novos, Videira e Água Doce. Dez loci SSR (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD28, VVMD31 e VVMD32) foram analisados por eletroforese capilar. Foram produzidos perfis moleculares de 190 acessos de videira (europeus, americanos e híbridos), e 67 genótipos foram individualizados. Os dados foram comparados entre si e com aqueles disponíveis em literatura e em bancos de dados online, para a identificação de correspondências e casos de sinonímia e homonímia. Quarenta perfis moleculares corresponderam a variedades conhecidas, e 27 genótipos foram descritos pela primeira vez. A existência de um germoplasma típico, composto principalmente de variedades americanas e híbridas, é um fator importante para a viticultura local. A aplicação desses resultados poderá contribuir para o controle de qualidade e a certificação de mudas. Além disso, aumentar a precisão no que tange à caracterização genética da videira, auxiliará os programas de melhoramento genético