L’examen visuel de la fonte, de la ciselure et de la dorure des bronzes d’ornementation du mobilier Boulle du musée du Louvre : rapport d’étape

Les auteurs rapportent l’état actuel d’avancement de l’étude des marques de fonderie, ainsi que des techniques de ciselure et de dorure des bronzes du mobilier Boulle à partir des traces observées sur l’avers et le revers des pièces. Ils recensent celles qui sont relatives à l’élaboration des pièces, et celles relatives à des interventions ultérieures. Les observations sont confrontées à l’histoire évolutive des pratiques d’atelier dans chaque discipline. Plusieurs corpus émergent de cette étude, faisant ressortir des groupes cohérents de périodes différentes. Ces éléments contribuent à la compréhension de l’état actuel des œuvres et de leur évolution. L’étude en cours appelle un travail collaboratif pour augmenter les données factuelles que l’on peut traiter et comparer.The authors present a progress report on the ongoing study of foundry marks and chasing and gilding techniques on Boulle furniture bronzework, based on traces seen on the obverse and reverse of the pieces. They have listed those that relate to the manufacture of the pieces of furniture and those pertaining to subsequent restoration work. The findings have been compared with the history of workshop practices in each discipline. Several corpora have emerged from this study, highlighting coherent groups from different periods. These elements contribute to our understanding of the development and present condition of the works. The current study calls for a collaborative effort to enrich factual data that can be treated and compared

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old