132 research outputs found
Interplay of growth mode and thermally induced spin accumulation in epitaxial Al/CoTiSi/Al and Al/CoTiGe/Al contacts
The feasibility of thermally driven spin injectors built from half-metallic
Heusler alloys inserted between aluminum leads was investigated by means of
{\em ab initio} calculations of the thermodynamic equilibrium and electronic
transport. We have focused on two main issues and found that: (i) the interface
between Al and the closely lattice-matched Heusler alloys of type CoTi
( Si or Ge) is stable under various growth conditions; and (ii) the
conventional and spin-dependent Seebeck coefficients in such heterojunctions
exhibit a strong dependence on both the spacer and the atomic composition of
the Al/Heusler interface. The latter quantity gives a measure of the spin
accumulation and varies between ~V/K and ~V/K near ~K,
depending on whether a Ti-Ge or a Co-Co plane makes the contact between Al and
CoTiGe in the trilayer. Our results show that it is in principle possible
to tailor the spin-caloric effects by a targeted growth control of the samples.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure
Native defects in the CoTi ( Si, Ge, Sn) full Heusler alloys: formation and influence on the thermoelectric properties
We have performed first-principles investigations on the native defects in
the full Heusler alloys CoTi ( one of the group IV elements Si, Ge,
Sn), determining their formation energies and how they influence the transport
properties. We find that Co vacancies (Vc) in all compounds and the
Ti anti-site exhibit negative formation energies. The smallest
positive values occur for Co in excess on anti-sites (Co or Co)
and for Ti. The most abundant native defects were modeled as dilute alloys,
treated with the coherent potential approximation in combination with the
multiple-scattering theory Green function approach. The self-consistent
potentials determined this way were used to calculate the residual resistivity
via the Kubo-Greenwood formula and, based on its energy dependence, the Seebeck
coefficient of the systems. The latter is shown to depend significantly on the
type of defect, leading to variations that are related to subtle, spin-orbit
coupling induced, changes in the electronic structure above the half-metallic
gap. Two of the systems, Vc and Co, are found to exhibit a
negative Seebeck coefficient. This observation, together with their low
formation energy, offers an explanation for the experimentally observed
negative Seebeck coefficient of the CoTi compounds as being due to
unintentionally created native defects
The Finsler spacetime condition for (\alpha,\beta)-metrics and their isometries
For the general class of pseudo-Finsler spaces with -metrics,
we establish necessary and sufficient conditions such that these admit a
Finsler spacetime structure. This means that the fundamental tensor has
Lorentzian signature on a conic subbundle of the tangent bundle and thus the
existence of a cone of future pointing timelike vectors is ensured. The
identified -Finsler spacetimes are candidates for applications
in gravitational physics. Moreover, we completely determine the relation
between the isometries of an -metric and the isometries of the
underlying pseudo-Riemannian metric ; in particular, we list all
-metrics which admit isometries that are not isometries of .Comment: 25 page
Medical Telementoring Using an Augmented Reality Transparent Display
Background
The goal of this study was to design and implement a novel surgical telementoring system called the System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality (STAR) that uses a virtual transparent display to convey precise locations in the operating field to a trainee surgeon. This system was compared with a conventional system based on a telestrator for surgical instruction.
Methods
A telementoring system was developed and evaluated in a study which used a 1 × 2 between-subjects design with telementoring system, that is, STAR or conventional, as the independent variable. The participants in the study were 20 premedical or medical students who had no prior experience with telementoring. Each participant completed a task of port placement and a task of abdominal incision under telementoring using either the STAR or the conventional system. The metrics used to test performance when using the system were placement error, number of focus shifts, and time to task completion.
Results
When compared with the conventional system, participants using STAR completed the 2 tasks with less placement error (45% and 68%) and with fewer focus shifts (86% and 44%), but more slowly (19% for each task).
Conclusions
Using STAR resulted in decreased annotation placement error, fewer focus shifts, but greater times to task completion. STAR placed virtual annotations directly onto the trainee surgeon's field of view of the operating field by conveying location with great accuracy; this technology helped to avoid shifts in focus, decreased depth perception, and enabled fine-tuning execution of the task to match telementored instruction, but led to greater times to task completion
Augmented Reality Future Step Visualization for Robust Surgical Telementoring
Introduction
Surgical telementoring connects expert mentors with trainees performing urgent care in austere environments. However, such environments impose unreliable network quality, with significant latency and low bandwidth. We have developed an augmented reality telementoring system that includes future step visualization of the medical procedure. Pregenerated video instructions of the procedure are dynamically overlaid onto the trainee's view of the operating field when the network connection with a mentor is unreliable.
Methods
Our future step visualization uses a tablet suspended above the patient's body, through which the trainee views the operating field. Before trainee use, an expert records a “future library” of step-by-step video footage of the operation. Videos are displayed to the trainee as semitransparent graphical overlays. We conducted a study where participants completed a cricothyroidotomy under telementored guidance. Participants used one of two telementoring conditions: conventional telestrator or our system with future step visualization. During the operation, the connection between trainee and mentor was bandwidth throttled. Recorded metrics were idle time ratio, recall error, and task performance.
Results
Participants in the future step visualization condition had 48% smaller idle time ratio (14.5% vs. 27.9%, P < 0.001), 26% less recall error (119 vs. 161, P = 0.042), and 10% higher task performance scores (rater 1 = 90.83 vs. 81.88, P = 0.008; rater 2 = 88.54 vs. 79.17, P = 0.042) than participants in the telestrator condition.
Conclusions
Future step visualization in surgical telementoring is an important fallback mechanism when trainee/mentor network connection is poor, and it is a key step towards semiautonomous and then completely mentor-free medical assistance systems
Robust High-Level Video Stabilization for Effective AR Telementoring
This poster presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a method for robust high-level stabilization of mentees first-person video in augmented reality (AR) telementoring. This video is captured by the front-facing built-in camera of an AR headset and stabilized by rendering from a stationary view a planar proxy of the workspace projectively texture mapped with the video feed. The result is stable, complete, up to date, continuous, distortion free, and rendered from the mentee's default viewpoint. The stabilization method was evaluated in two user studies, in the context of number matching and for cricothyroidotomy training, respectively. Both showed a significant advantage of our method compared with unstabilized visualization
Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: the case of Romania
This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to find out the predictors of fertility intentions in Romania, a low-fertility country. We analyse how attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control relate to the intention to have a child among childless individuals and one-child parents. Principal axis factor analysis confirms which items proposed by the Generation and Gender Survey (GGS 2005) act as valid and reliable measures of the suggested theoretical socio-psychological factors. Four parity-specific logistic regression models are applied to evaluate the relationship between the socio-psychological factors and childbearing intentions. Social pressure emerges as the most important aspect in fertility decision-making among childless individuals and one-child parents, and positive attitudes towards childbearing are a strong component in planning for a child. This paper also underlines the importance of the region-specific factors when studying childbearing intentions: planning for the second child significantly differs among the development regions, representing the cultural and socio-economic divisions of the Romanian territory
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