International justice as a way to settle conflicts in the world arena : the idea and the implementation

The purpose of this article is to identify the processes regarding the emergence of international justice and the start of international courts functioning. Dialectical, phenomenological and historical methods of analysis is the methodological basis of the article to allow to identify the international justice essence and the specifics of this phenomenon implementation in the initial stages of its development. In the course of this analysis the authors came to the conclusion that the international justice concept formation occurred in the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries while the international justice formation took place in the first half of the XXth century.peer-reviewe

Integration of economic shifts in the european development in the second half of the XXth century

Purpose: The article analyzes those processes having initiated the development of the European and political integration. The article is focused on the genesis and the development of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the European Union, NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Design/Methodology/Approach: By applying the system analysis method as well as dialectical and historical methods, the authors have attempted to reveal the significance of those events resulted in modern international organizations establishment. Findings: Authors have analyzed the XX century trends in integration and highlighted Western Europe as the most productive in the process. Authors have provided the USSR and post-USSR integration overview to reveal the European development patterns. Practical Implications: The research results may be implemented into political and educational courses as well as to be used by official authorities. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the deep integration trends'analysis and the emphasis on the unipolar-bipolar-multipolar world's concept.peer-reviewe

Discovery of metastable tetragonal disordered phase upon phase transitions in the equiatomic nanostructured FePd alloy

Specific features of the phase transformation 1 → L10 (space groups Fm3m and P4/mmm, respectively) in single crystals of the equiatomic alloy FePd subjected to annealings both in the absence and in the presence of external uniaxial load, as well as in polycrystalline samples that had undergone severe plastic deformation via high-pressure torsion and subsequent annealing, have been studied. An investigation of the single crystals in a nanostructured state formed at different stages of ordering annealing was performed using optical polarization, thermomagnetic and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The nanostructured state of the polycrystalline samples FePd after deformation of both disordered and ordered FePd alloys and subsequent annealing was examined with the help of TEM and X-ray techniques. The results obtained were analyzed based on the known concepts of the symmetry theory of phase transitions. It was concluded that the atomic ordering in the FePd alloys is preceded by the formation of a ferroelastic disordered body-centered tetragonal phase with the structural type 6 and the space group I4/mmm. Experimental data that evidence the existence of a tetragonal disordered phase both in the single crystals and in the polycrystalline samples of FePd after severe plastic deformation and subsequent annealing are reported. Thus, the A1 ↔ A6 ↔ L10 phase transformation represents a combination of different types of phase transitions such as cooperative displacement A1 ↔ 6 and ordering A6 ↔ L10 of atoms

Humanitarization geographic education in universities

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. This article discusses the structure of science. Highlighted border integration and cross-cutting areas. Considered the most important priorities of the Russian geographical education; humanization, aimed at the development of common cultural components in the content of education in the formation of personality; humanization, expressed by an emphasis on personal factors, the social aspects of the development of society; sociologization, object of study is sociosphere - a set of geographic and socio-economic factors, with increased attention to the social aspects of development; greening, reflecting spatial processes and forms of organization of the productive forces, in order to optimize and improve production efficiency; regionalization, promoting deeper identifying the structure, function, increased understanding of the regions, the study and development of a geographical approach to the management of the region; greening, characteristic of the whole complex of geographical sciences dealing with the interaction of society and nature. Presents the contribution of prominent scientistsgeographers: V.M.Maksakovskogo - his recommendations for the Study of the greening of industry and spatial aspects; YD Demetrius, releasing a comprehensive study of the major issues of geo-ecological problems; A.M.Trofimova, MD Sharygina on the role of general geography - basic science, which considers all aspects of the development of an integrated system of "nature-economy-population" in the space-time aspect, as well as trends in long-term development of geographical education. The contribution of scientists CFI and the Institute of Ecology and Mineral Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan in the environmental mapping

Structural Investigations of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass-ceramics by Solid State NMR

NASICON-type conductors based on LiGe2(PO4)3 are very promising lithium-conducting electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion and lithium batteries. Al-doped LiGe2(PO4)3 solid electrolytes possessed higher conductivity (∼10-4 S/cm at room temperature) and stability versus metallic Li. In this paper, we present the structure study of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 compound. Fast lithium-ion conductor Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolyte have been obtained through glass crystallization at 820 °C during 8 h. Structural positions occupied by atoms have been examined by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. 6Li, 7Li, 27Al 31P NMR measurements have been performed at room temperature. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSFThe reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation according to the research project № 18-73-00099. The characterization of materials was carried out at the Shared Access Centre “Composition of Compounds” of the Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

A social portrait of the Russian trainer

The purposes of this paper are to survey Russian trainers to create a social portrait of the professional group and to identify features, which could be arranged as a foothold for transforming this group to a new level given the demands of the modern economy. This study integrates the use of quantitative and qualitative social research strategies to obtain, aggregate, and analyze data characterizing the professional group of trainers in the Russian vocational education and training (VET) system. The basic research was provided by questionnaires in all federal districts (as recognized by international law) of the Russian Federation. The quantitative poll of trainers was conducted by representative two-level sampling. A number of tables and charts provide a social portrait of the Russian trainer. The statistical data reveal the current level of trainers’ education as well as their length of service, distribution of vocations, and other significant features. The overall conclusion from these findings indicates that a typical representative of this professional group is a woman of average or slightly advanced age with a family, who has a VET or higher education, has served as a training officer for not less than 10 years, and who has either been recruited as a highly skilled worker or as a specialist. A typical representative feels the need to change something in the life and teaching of the young people that she knows. The research into trainers as a professional group was conducted first because of their uniformity, and secondly, their typicality as a pedagogical group. In many respects, the main characteristics of the social portrait are similar to characteristics of other professional groups in the Russian education system, such as secondary and post-secondary school teachers, and VET teachers. The study is based on one country. It is the first and only survey of its type in the Russian Federation. The paper provides a unique analysis of the situation with trainers in the VET system of the Russian Federation. © 2016 Kopnov et al

Methods of diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the person in the tibetan and european medicine: relative analysis

In article the basic principles of the Tibetan medicine, their communication with the Buddhism and essential differences from the European approach to doctoring are considered. In a basis of medical tradition of Tibet, the Buddhist doctrine which has created modern ideas of human nature, diseases and methods of treatment has laid down. Today's problems of diagnosis of diseases, prevention and treatment by classical medical science create need for the analysis and comparison of two essentially different medical directions.В статье рассматриваются основные принципы тибетской медицины, их связь с буддизмом и существенные отличия от европейского подхода к врачеванию. В основу медицинской традиции Тибета, легло буддистское учение, которое сформировало современные представления о природе человека, болезней и методов лечения. Сегодняшние проблемы диагностики болезней, профилактики и лечения классической медицинской наукой создают необходимость в анализе и сравнении двух принципиально разных лечебных направлений

The development of an inorganic composite consisting a series of AIG phosphors and a high-refracting glass matrix for white-emitting diodes

The synthesis of a luminescent composite was made by sintering a glass frit with powders of phosphors of aluminum-yttrium garnet. The modes of composite sintering are selected, the technology of composite production is developed. As a result, a powerful, energy-efficient and more compact source of quality white light is obtained.Производился синтез люминесцирующего композита путём спекания стекольной фритты с порошками люминофоров алюмоиттриевого граната. Подобраны режимы спекания композита, разработана технология получения композита. В результате получен мощный, энергоэффективный и более компактный источник качественного белого света

THE CHOICE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND RAW MATERIALS FOR PRODUCING BASALT WOOL WITH THE SPECIFIED CHARACTERISTICS

The paper discusses the chemical compositions of the raw materials and fibers with the use of slag for the production of basalt wool and the calculated characteristics: the modulus of acidity, viscosity and surface tension of the melt.В работе рассмотрены химический состав сырья и волокна с применением шлака для производства базальтовой ваты и рассчитаны характеристики: модуль кислотности, вязкость и поверхностное натяжение расплава

INORGANIC PHOSPHORS LEADED GLASS FOR WHITE LEDS

Synthesized luminescent composite of lead-containing glass with a high refractive index and the fine powder of YAG doped with cerium. Selected temperature sintering composite modes and worked out the composite fabrication technology. It sent a powerful energy-efficient white light source.Синтезирован люминесцирующий композит на основе свинецсодержащего стекла с высоким показателем преломления и мелкодисперсного порошка алюмо-иттриевого граната, легированного церием. Выбран химический состав стекла с высоким показателем преломления, отработаны технология изготовления композита, температурные режимы спекания стекла и люминофора. Получен мощный энергосберегающий источник белого света