Modeling the Effects of Passive Immunity in Birds for the Disease Dynamics of West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that circulates among birds but also affects humans. Migrating birds carry these viruses from one place to another each year. WNV has spread rapidly across the continental United States resulting in numerous human infections and deaths. Several studies suggest that larval mosquito control measures should be taken as early as possible in a season to control the mosquito population size. Also, adult mosquito control measures are necessary to prevent the transmission of WNV from mosquitoes to birds and humans. To better understand the effective strategy for controlling affected larvae mosquito population, we have developed a mathematical model using a system of first order differential equations to investigate the transmission dynamics of WNV in a mosquito-bird-human community. We also incorporated vertical transmission in mosquitoes and passive immunity in birds to more accurately simulate the spread of the disease

The Overview of Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet

This paper deals about basic preface about superior avionic system AFDX. Avionics Signalling and communication in avionics have been significant topics ever since electronic devices were first used in aerospace systems. To deal with the challenges introduced by the extensive use of general purpose computing in marketable avionics, standards like ARINC 419 and later on 429 were available and adopted by the trade. AFDX combines confirmed safety and accessibility functionality with recent Ethernet technology to be able to handle todayrsquo;s needs. These papers outlines two of the most fundamental avionics network architectures and aims at depicting the development of networking concepts and wants over the course of the past 30 years. It mainly focuses on ARINC 429 and AFDX, the most important current and past standards, but also covers two other attractive past protocols

Delineate Subsurface and Groundwater Investigation of Ongur Watershed, South India

The electrical resistivity technique is extremely supportive to investigate the nature of subsurface lithology by understand the variations in their electrical properties. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique by Schlumberger electrode array applied in 77 Locations at Ongur River Sub Basin in Tamil Nadu, India. The Signal stacking Resistivity Meter Model SSR-MP-ATS has been applied to gather the VES data by employed a Schlumberger array, one end current electrode (AB/2) ranging from 1 to 100 m, other side placing potential electrode (MN) from 0.5 to 10 m. The concept of the VES data interpreting is the foundation of IPI2Win. It means for a VES data are treated as a unity representing the geological structure of the Ongur River watershed. The output Geo-electrical layers, iso- resistivities and thickness of this area were prepared in spatial maps by using ARCGIS software. Consequently, the following zones with different resistivity values are detected consequent to different formations: (1) identification of lithology Ongur River Sub Basin, (2) layer saturated with fresh groundwater, (3) determine saltwater horizon

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a rare cause of breathlessness

A 24-year-old female presented with complaints of cough with scanty expectoration, breathlessness on exertion and chest pain for the last three years. These symptoms had appeared during the 12th week of her third pregnancy. She was given anti-tuberculosis treatment at another hospital for nine months without any improvement in symptoms. Four years ago she had been diagnosed to have leprosy of borderline variety for which she had received treatment. On examination, she was tachypnoeic with a respiratory rate of 33 breaths per minute. She had clubbing and small, discrete and firm lymph nodes in the anterior cervical region. Chest examination revealed wheezing with bibasilar end-inspiratory crepitations

Determination of Tolterodine tartrate in bulk and formulation by extractive colorimetric method using Tropaeolin OOO-1

Purpose: To develop a new simple, accurate, precise and fully validated extractive colorimetric method for the determination of tolterodine tartrate (TL) in bulk and in tablet dosage form,Method: A chloroform extractable orange red complex formed between the acid dye, tropaeolin OOO-1 and tolterodine in acid media is the basis for this method. The maximum wavelength of absorbance of the complex was 503 nm. The validation parameters such as stability, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness were evaluated according to International conference on harmonization (ICH) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) guidelines.Results: The absorbance of the complex obeyed Beer law over the range 1 - 30 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9945, with a molar absorptivity and Sandal’s sensitivity of 0.0398 and 1.1954 x 104, respectively. The lower limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.08 and 1 μg mL-1, respectively.Conclusion: The developed method is validated and has high recovery and precision, and thus is suitable for routine analysis of the drug in bulk and formulations.Keywords: Tolterodine, Tropaeolin, Extractive colorimetry, Validation, Solid dosag

Otpornost bakterija Escherichia coli i Pseudomonas aeruginosa na karbapenem u antilope (Antilope cervicapra) i leoparda (Panthera pardus) iz zatočeništva u Indiji

The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of carbapenem resistant E. coli and P. aeruginosa in apparently healthy, captive blackbucks and leopards of India. Faecal samples of blackbucks (n = 7) and leopards (n = 7) were processed to isolate carbapenem resistant E. coli (CRE) and P. aeruginosa (CRP). Forty (leopards n = 26; blackbuck n = 14) E. coli and two P. aeruginosa (blackbuck n = 2) samples were isolated from the faecal samples (n = 14). Eleven carbapenem resistant isolates were recovered, of which 10 were CRE and one was CRP. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for meropenem for carbapenem resistant isolates and was between 8 and 64 μg/mL. All the CRE and CRP were phenotypically multidrug resistant, and six CRE were extended-spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBL) producers. On genotypic screening, seven CRE and one CRP were positive for the blaNDM carbapenemase gene. Efflux pump-mediated carbapenem resistance was noticed in four CRE isolates (36.4%, 4/11). Of the six ESBL producing CRE, four isolates carried blaCTX-M-1 genes. The CRE isolates also harbored blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB and sul1 resistance genes. On Shiga toxin virulence screening, Stx1, Stx2 genes were detected in two and one isolates, respectively. Plasmid typing of CRE revealed that the blaNDM genes were carried on an Incl1 plasmid. The plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) of the isolates showed the Sequence Type (ST) 297. The occurrence of carbapenem resistance bacteria in captive wildlife should be a major public health priority.Cilj rada bio je istražiti slučajeve otpornosti bakterija E. coli i P. aeruginosa na karbapenem u zdravih antilopa i leoparda iz zatočeništva u Indiji. Uzorci izmeta antilopa (n = 7) i leoparda (n = 7) obrađeni su kako bi se izolirale bakterije E. coli (CRE) i P. aeruginosa (CRP) otporne na karbapenem. Iz uzoraka izmeta (n = 14) dobiveno je 40 izolata (leopard n = 26, antilopa n = 14) E. coli i 2 izolata P. aeruginosa (antilopa n = 2). Pronađeno je 11 izolata otpornih na karbapenem, od kojih je 10 E. coli i 1 P. aeruginosa. Određena je minimalna inhibicijska koncentracija (MIK) za meropenem za izolate otporne na karbapenem, od 8 za E. coli i 64 μg/mL za P. aeruginosa. Svi izolati E. coli i P. aeruginosa fenotipski su bili otporni na širok spektar lijekova, a 6 izolata E. coli proizvodilo je beta- laktamaze širokog spektra (ESBL). Genotipskim probirom 7 izolata E. coli i 1 izolat P. aeruginosa bili su pozitivni na karbapenemaza gen blaNDM. Otpornost na karbapenem putem efluks pumpe zabilježena je u 4 izolata E. coli (36,4 %, 4/11). Od 6 ESBL producirajućih CRE, 4 izolata nosila su gen blaCTX-M-1. Izolati E. coli također su sadržavali blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, tetA, tetB i sul1 gene otpornosti. Pretragom na šiga-toksin, Stx1 i Stx2 geni utvrđeni su u dva odnosno jednom izolatu. Tipiziranje plazmida CRE otkrilo je prisutnost blaNDM gena na Incl1 plazmidu. Multilokusno tipiziranje sekvencija plazmida (pMLST) izolata otkrilo je sekvenciju tipa (ST) 297. Pojava otpornosti bakterija na karbapenem u divljih životinja iz zatočeništva trebala bi biti javnozdravstveni prioritet

Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers are Associated with Epigenetic Aging Acceleration Estimates in the GOLDN Study

Background: Recently, epigenetic age acceleration-or older epigenetic age in comparison to chronological age-has been robustly associated with mortality and various morbidities. However, accelerated epigenetic aging has not been widely investigated in relation to inflammatory or metabolic markers, including postprandial lipids. Methods: We estimated measures of epigenetic age acceleration in 830 Caucasian participants from the Genetics Of Lipid Lowering Drugs and diet Network (GOLDN) considering two epigenetic age calculations based on differing sets of 5′-Cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ genomic site, derived from the Horvath and Hannum DNA methylation age calculators, respectively. GOLDN participants underwent a standardized high-fat meal challenge after fasting for at least 8 h followed by timed blood draws, the last being 6 h postmeal. We used adjusted linear mixed models to examine the association of the epigenetic age acceleration estimate with fasting and postprandial (0- and 6-h time points) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels as well as five fasting inflammatory markers plus adiponectin. Results: Both DNA methylation age estimates were highly correlated with chronological age (r \u3e 0.90). We found that the Horvath and Hannum measures of epigenetic age acceleration were moderately correlated (r = 0.50). The regression models revealed that the Horvath age acceleration measure exhibited marginal associations with increased postprandial HDL (p = 0.05), increased postprandial total cholesterol (p = 0.06), and decreased soluble interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2sRα, p = 0.02). The Hannum measure of epigenetic age acceleration was inversely associated with fasting HDL (p = 0.02) and positively associated with postprandial TG (p = 0.02), interleukin-6 (IL6, p = 0.007), C-reactive protein (C-reactive protein, p = 0.0001), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, p = 0.0001). Overall, the observed effect sizes were small and the association of the Hannum residual with inflammatory markers was attenuated by adjustment for estimated T cell type percentages. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that epigenetic age acceleration in blood relates to inflammatory biomarkers and certain lipid classes in Caucasian individuals of the GOLDN study. Future studies should consider epigenetic age acceleration in other tissues and extend the analysis to other ethnic groups

The pace of biological aging helps explain the association between insomnia and chronic low back pain

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is associated with insomnia and advanced age. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity of both sleep disorders (like insomnia) and chronic pain are associated with a faster pace of biological aging. We aimed to determine whether the pace of biological age mediates the relationship between insomnia and the impact of cLBP in a sample of community-dwelling adults ages 19 to 85 years. Participants (49 with no pain, 32 with low-impact pain, and 37 with high-impact pain) completed sociodemographic, pain, insomnia, and short physical performance battery assessments. We calculated the pace of biological aging using DunedinPACE from blood leukocyte DNA. On average, individuals with high-impact cLBP had significantly faster biological aging than those with low-impact and no chronic pain