Solvent and Temperature Effects in π-Route Cyclization

endo-Bicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-3-carboxylic acid (1) was prepared and the solvent and temperature effects on the n-route cyclization were studied. The stereochemistry of the products strongly depends on the reaction temperature and the solvent used. The interpretation of the mechanism and product distribution based on experimental data is supported by theoretical investigation

Synthesis of Selected Naturally Occurring Glucosides of Volatile Compounds. Their Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Properties

Naturally occurring glucosides of benzyl alcohol, (±)-menthol, (+)-borneol, thymol, carvacrol and eugenol were synthesized by the Koenigs-Knorr-Zemplén method (yields 19.5–52.2 %). Their β-D-glucopyranosidic structures were determined by one- and two-dimensional homoand heteronuclear 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The β-configuration was additionally confirmed by the hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. Tetraacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosides, as intermediates, were GC-MS analyzed. Diastereomeric β-glucoside tetraacetates of (±)-menthol were well separated on the HP-101 column. The mass spectra of glucopyranoside tetraacetates were mutually compared, as well as with the spectra of their aglycones

Synthesis of selected naturally occurring glucosides of volatile compounds. Their chromatographic and spectroscopic properties

Naturally occurring glucosides of benzyl alcohol, (+/-)-menthol, (+)-borneol, thymol, carvacrol and eugenol were synthesized by the Koenigs-Knorr-Zemplen method (yields 19.5-52.2%). Their beta-D-glucopyranosidic structures were determined by one- and two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The beta-configuration was additionally confirmed by the hydrolysis with P-glucosidase. Tetraacetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides, as intermediates, were GC-MS analyzed. Diastereomeric beta-glucoside tetraacetates of (+/-)-menthol were well separated on the HP-101 column. The mass spectra of glucopyranoside tetraacetates were mutually compared, as well as with the spectra of their aglycones

Alfa-hormon koji stimulira melanocite smanjuje oštećenje sluznice debeloga crijeva u štakorskome modelu upalne bolesti crijeva

The aim of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent in vivo effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α- MSH) in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS). Laboratory animals (male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g) were given 3 doses of α- MSH (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to inducing colitis with a TNBS enema. Control animals received saline solution i.p. Rats were sacrificed after 72 hours and the area of mucosal lesions, involving the distal 10 cm of colon, was determined in mm2 by means of image analysis software. α- MSH structure was analyzed by means of NMR spectroscopy. The area of colonic damage was significantly reduced following pretreatment with a single dose of 1 mg/kg α- MSH, as compared to control animals (p = 0.0147). Higher and lower doses had no significant effects. A single dose of 1 mg/kg α- MSH provided strong, statistically significant and pharmacologically relevant cytoprotection. The results point to α- MSH effectiveness in controlling inflammation and imply that further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be carried out to judge the importance and relevance of α- MSH in the control of inflammatory bowel disease. NMR data support a hairpin loop conformation of α- MSH in water solution, which includes conserved message sequence.Svrha istraživanja bila je kvantifikacija in vivo učinaka alfa-hormona koji stimulira melanocite (α- MSH) na štakorskome modelu upalne bolesti crijeva inducirane s 2,4,6-trinitrosulfonbenzenskom kiselinom (TNBS). Laboratorijskim životinjama (mužjaci Wistar soja štakora tjelesne mase 200–250 g) dane su tri doze α- MSH (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg i 2 mg/kg) intraperitonealno 1 sat prije indukcije kolitisa s TNBS klizmom. Kontrolne su životinje primile fiziološku otopinu intraperitonealno. Nakon 72 sata štakori su žrtvovani, te je pomoću programa za analizu slike procjenjena površina mukoznih lezija (mm2) unutar 10 distalnih centimetara kolona. Struktura α- MSH je analizirana uporabom NMR spektroskopije. Površina oštećenoga debeloga crijeva statisti- čki je značajno smanjena kod pretretmana s jednom dozom 1 mg/kg α- MSH, u odnosu na kontrolne životinje (p = 0.0147). Više i niže doze nisu imale značajne učinke. Pojedinačna doza od 1 mg/kg α- MSH uzrokovala je statistički značajnu i farmakološki relevantnu citoprotekciju. Rezultati ukazuju na učinkovitost _-MSH peptida u kontroliranju upale i upućuju na uporabu daljnjih in vitro i in vivo istraživanja kako bi se procijenio značaj i učinkovitost α- MSH u kontroli upalne bolesti crijeva. NMR mjerenja u vodenoj otopini podupiru pretpostavku o konformaciji _-MSH i njegove konzervirane sekvencije u obliku ukosnice

Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal Characterization of Bis(pyridine-3- carboxy-2-thiolato-S)mercury(II). Crystal Structure of Dibromobis(3- metoxycarbonylpyridine-2-thiolato-S)mercury(II)

2-mercaptonicotinic acid (H2mna = 2-HS(C5H3N)COOH) gave a thiolato compound of the formula Hg(Hmna)2 by a reaction with various mercury(II) salts, HgX2 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN−) in an ethanol or methanol solution irrespectively of the molar ratio of the reactants (1:1 or 1:2). The same compound was obtained from the reaction of mercury(II) acetate in an aqueous-ethanol solution. Hg(Hmna)2 was characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and thermal analysis. 1H and 13C NMR measurements provided additional information on the thiol-thione tautomerism in H2mna and Hg(Hmna)2 and also on the binding mode to mercury in the DMSO-d6 solution. HgBr2(CH3-Hmna)2 was obtained from the reaction of H2mna with HgBr2 in methanol after filtering off the main product Hg(Hmna)2 (CH3-Hmna = 2- HS(C5H3N)COOCH3). The crystal structures of H2mna and HgBr2(CH3-Hmna)2 were determined by the X-ray structure analysis. 2-mercaptonicotinic acid exists in the crystalline state in the thione tautomeric form. Two bromine atoms and two S-bound CH3-Hmna ligands form a tetrahedral coordination sphere around the mercury atom in HgBr2(CH3-Hmna)2.(doi: 10.5562/cca2169

Density functional theory: 1H and 13C-NMR spectra of some coumarin derivatives

For some synthesized coumarin derivatives, 1H and 13C NMR isotropic chemical shifts and some other molecular properties were calculated using density functional theory. The calculations yield reliable results, that are in good correlation with experimental data

Materijalne i nematerijalne kompenzacije zaposlenika u poduzeću Hrvatske šume d.o.o.

Upravljanje ljudskim potencijalima danas je najvažnija djelatnost unutar svakog poduzeća. Razlog tome je što znanje, vještine i iskustva zaposlenika povećavaju vrijednost poduzeća te ga vode ka ostvarenju organizacijskih ciljeva. Upravo zbog toga poduzeća kreiraju sustav motiviranja zaposlenika koji se sastoji od materijalnih i nematerijalnih kompenzacija. Ukoliko poduzeće daje više materijalnih i nematerijalnih kompenzacija zaposlenicima tada su zaposlenici zadovoljniji te bolje obavljaju svoj posao. Materijalne i nematerijalne kompenzacije kao i neke druge stavke, poduzeća u pregovoru sa sindikatima definiraju u kolektivnom ugovoru. Unutar diplomskog rada detaljno se analizirao kolektivni ugovor poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o. te su se izdvojile sve materijalne i nematerijalne kompenzacije koje ovo poduzeće daje svojim zaposlenicima.Today, the human resources management is the most important activity within each company. The reason for that is that the knowledge, skills and experience of employees increases the company's value and it leads to the achievement of the organizational goals. This is why the each company creates a system to motivate employees, which consists of material and immaterial compensations. If the company gives more material and immaterial compensations to the employees, then employees are more satisfied and they do a better work. Material and immaterial compensations and other items, the company in negotiation with the employees, defines in the collective agreement. Within this thesis, author analyzed the collective agreement and the material and immaterial compensations of the company Hrvatske šume Ltd