A new DR7-DQ8 haplotype resulting from a recombination between the DQA1 and DQB1 loci in a leukemic patient of Caucasoid origin

Meiotic recombinations within the HLA-DR/DQ subregion are seldomly observed. However the high number of unusual DRB1-DQB1 allelic combinations underline the importance of crossover in shaping the classII haplotypic diversity. We present here the first report of a DQA1-DQB1 recombination event in a leukemic patient as detected by complete classII molecular typing of the family, including analysis of the DQCAR microsatellite. The recombination that occurred on the maternal chromosomes led to the unusual DR7-DQ8 haplotype characterized by the DRB1*0701-DRB4*01030102N-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0302 alleles. Because the patient had no HLA-identical sibling donor, a search for an unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor was initiated. Out of three potential donors, only one HLA-A/-B/-C/DRB1-compatible but DQB1-mismatched donor could be identifie

How to cross immunogenetic hurdles to human embryonic stem cell transplantation

Implantation of human embryonic stem cells (hES), derived progenitors or mature cells derived from hES has great therapeutic potential for many diseases. If hES would come from genetically unrelated individuals, it would be probably rejected by the immune system of the recipient. Blood groups, MHC and minor antigens are the immunogenetic hurdles that have to be crossed for successful transplantation. Autologous transplantation with adult stem cells would be the best approach but several elements argue against this option. Classical immunosuppression, depleting antibody, induction of tolerance and stem cell banking are alternative methods that could be proposed to limit the risk of rejectio

Les traces écrites en sciences à l'école maternelle et au cours préparatoire de l'école primaire en France: intérêts et limites pour la didactique des sciences

http://www.inrp.fr/biennale/8biennale/contrib/longue/185.pdfSusciter la production d'écrits en sciences à l'école maternelle et au cours préparatoire de l'école primaire renvoie à deux séries d'objectifs : permettre aux élèves de découvrir le monde et se familiariser avec les langages écrits. Cette production s'inscrit dans une approche pédagogique respectueuse de la progressivité du développement pour des sujets non encore lisant ou écrivant de façon autonome. Le support technique sur lequel sont recueillies les traces est le cahier de sciences.L'étude de notre objet est référée à un double cadre théorique : Didactique des sciences et didactique du français (INRP PROG Brigaudiot et al., 2000). Le passage d'une lecture ingénue à une lecture critique du monde passe par une démarche structurée en trois étapes : questionnement, investigation et institutionnalisation des savoirs. L'élève conceptualise le monde en produisant des représentations à l'aide de divers registres sémiotiques et symboles, en dessinant, en dictant des textes de plus en plus longs à l'adulte. Permettre aux jeunes enfants d'accéder progressivement à la compréhension et à la production d'écrits suppose de donner au cahier de sciences, le statut d'instrument de traitement de l'information et de communication. L'utilisation de formes d'écrit privilégiées s'impose.La structuration des savoirs, leur mémorisation et leur évocation par les élèves dépendent d'un ensemble de choix didactiques et pédagogiques mis en lumière par nos recherches parmi lesquelles figurent les degrés d'iconicité et de personnalisation, l'utilisation conjointe des langages analogiques, mathématiques et textuels, la structuration globale du cahier personnel.L'hypothèse qui guide nos travaux est que la production écrite avec des élèves de 3 à 6 ans, apprentis lecteurs et scripteurs, induit une conceptualisation en sciences en dépassant l'activité manipulatoire pour elle-même. Les traces constituent un objet pertinent de la didactique des sciences. De ce cadre théorique, leur analyse vise à faire ressortir leurs intérêts didactiques à côté de leurs limites

Long-Term Follow-Up of Cadaveric Breast Augmentation: What Can We Learn?

Breast augmentation with cadaveric fat graft has long been available to patients in Eastern European countries, primarily in the Soviet Union and Eastern Germany. Most such procedures were performed from the 1970s to the 1990s. Although only a few case reports have been published, all of which involved complications that appeared several years after the procedure, it appears that, surprisingly, this nonvascularized and incompatible immunologic tissue is relatively well tolerated. We present the case of a 45-year-old Russian woman who underwent breast explantation, due to breast hardness and pain, 15 years after breast augmentation with cadaveric fat grafting. Through genetic studies, we confirmed that the host and the graft were HLA incompatible. Moreover, results of analyses excluded the possibility of an acute or chronic immunologic rejection by the host. We suppose that the early complications that often occur in such cases might result from a nonspecific, inflammatory reaction induced by acute tissue ischemia and necrosis, and the late local complications that occur years later may relate more to chronic inflammation, due to nonvascularized tissue, than to immunologic rejection. Therefore, we propose that different mechanisms may explain how this allogenic fat tissue could have been tolerated by the patient's immune system. We particularly underline the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells, which are abundant in adipose tissues. This characteristic of fat tissue should be investigated further to assess its potential in treating autoimmune diseases or reducing the likelihood of allograft rejections. Level of Evidence 5 Ris

PRELIMINARY DISCRETE MODELLING OF LANDFILLS CLAY BARRIER

International audienceSUMMARY: The Discrete Element Method is used to investigate the tensile behaviour and cracks mechanisms of a clay material submitted to bending loading. It is the case of compacted clay liners in landfill cap cover application. Such as the soil tested in this study is plastic clay, the distinct elements model was calibrated with previous data results by taking into account cohesive properties. Various contact and cohesion laws are tested to show that the numerical model is able to reproduce the failure mechanism. Numerical results are extending to simulate a landfill cap cover

The Three Bells

Title onlyhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/10535/thumbnail.jp

While The Angelus Was Ringing

Picture of Perry Comohttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/10988/thumbnail.jp

Pseudovasculitis and corticosteroid therapy

Pseudovasculitis, vasculitis-like syndromes, vasculitis look-alikes, or mimics of vasculitis represent a heterogeneous collection of disorders that are capable of simulating vasculitis. Inappropriate diagnosis leads to delay or absence of proper management and exposure to potentially deleterious treatment modalities such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. We report the case of fibromuscular dysplasia suspected to be a polyarteritis nodosa. The progression of the lesions visualized by the ultrasonographic study and computed tomography (CT) scan after 10days of treatment led to an emergency laparotomy. The possible deleterious role of steroids given to treat the suspected vasculitis is discusse