Enhanced fracture strength in the working layer of rolls manufactured in Ni-hard cast iron alloyed with Mo, Nb and Mg

One of the main in-service failure mechanisms of the work-rolls used in hot strip mill finishing stands is surface spalling. The indefinite chill double-poured rolls usually comprise of a peripheral working layer made of crushed Ni-hard cast iron and a grey cast iron core, mostly pearlitic matrix with spheroidal graphite. To enhance its wear resistance, the working layer can be alloyed with Mo and Nb. The possible cracking and spalling of the surfaces of these work-rolls is strongly influenced by the presence of carbides and the continuity of their network. The flexural and impact toughness tests are reliable testing methods to assess these properties. The aim of this paper is to identify those manufacturing factors that have a significant effect on the flexural strength and toughness of this material, correlating the results with the volume fraction of precipitated carbides. It is worth highlighting, among the analysed factors are the liquidus temperature, the %Si, the use of an inoculant with traces of Lanthanum, and inoculation with different amounts of FeB, SiCa and Mg. Inoculation with SiCa is found to have a positive effect on the toughness of the material, breaking up the continuity of the carbide network, while FeB is found to act as a heterogeneous nucleant for NbC precipitation. However, high FeB contents reduce flexural strength and do not have a significant effect on the hardness of the material. To enhance the fracture toughness of the working layer, a liquidus temperature in the 1270–1275 °C range is recommended, as well as inoculating the ladle with Mg, 3 kg/T FeB and 0.6 kg/T SiCa

Deep-learning based reconstruction of the shower maximum Xmax using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support. Argentina - Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia -the Australian Research Council; Brazil - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Czech Republic Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France -Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France; Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal - Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI (PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN-19060102) and project PNIII-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia - Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain - Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and PID2019-104676GB-C32, Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-4314) Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); USA -Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; and UNESCO.The atmospheric depth of the air shower maximum X-max is an observable commonly used for the determination of the nuclear mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Direct measurements of X-max are performed using observations of the longitudinal shower development with fluorescence telescopes. At the same time, several methods have been proposed for an indirect estimation of X-max from the characteristics of the shower particles registered with surface detector arrays. In this paper, we present a deep neural network (DNN) for the estimation of X-max The reconstruction relies on the signals induced by shower particles in the ground based water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The network architecture features recurrent long short-term memory layers to process the temporal structure of signals and hexagonal convolutions to exploit the symmetry of the surface detector array. We evaluate the performance of the network using air showers simulated with three different hadronic interaction models. Thereafter, we account for long-term detector effects and calibrate the reconstructed X-max using fluorescence measurements. Finally, we show that the event-by-event resolution in the reconstruction of the shower maximum improves with increasing shower energy and reaches less than 25 g/cm(2) at energies above 2x10(19) eV.United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 - DE-FR02-04ER41300 - DE- FG02-99ER41107 - DE-SC0011689Argentina - Comision Nacional de Energia AtomicaArgentina - Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT)Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de MendozaArgentina - Municipalidad de MalargueAustralian Research CouncilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF)Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2-2010/07359-6-1999/05404-3Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC)Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 - LM2015038 - LM2018102 - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-FranceFrance - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 - ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)German Research Foundation (DFG)Germany-Finanzministerium Baden-WurttembergGermany-Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)Germany-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)Germany-Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-WestfalenGermany-Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-WurttembergItaly - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)Italy - CETEMPS Center of ExcellenceItaly - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733Mexico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)Mexico-PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAMThe Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and ScienceNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)The Netherlands - SURF CooperativePoland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 - 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 -HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 - UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198Portugal - Portuguese national fundsPortugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and ResearchRomania-Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 - PN-19060102Romania-PNCDI III PNIII-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 - P1-0385 - I0-0033 - N1-0111Spain - Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P - PID2019-104676GB-C32Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR - P18-FR-4314Spain - RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDTSpain - Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696USA - Grainger FoundationUSA - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANETUSA - European Particle Physics Latin American NetworkUSA - UNESCOArgentina - NDM Holdings and Valle Las LenasThe Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructureSpain - Feder Fund

Design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system for data acquisition

The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and admin-istrative staff in Malargtie. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energla Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientffica y Tec-nologica (ANPCyT) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientfficas y Tecnicas (CONICET) , Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargtie, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leilas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientffico e Tecnologico (CNPq) , Fi-nanciadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) , FundagAo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) , SAo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT) , Brazil; Grant No.MSMT CR LG15014, LO1305 and LM2015038 and the Czech Science Foundation Grant No. 14-17501S, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS) , Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS) , Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Al-liance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP) , Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) , Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wis-senschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nu-cleare (INFN) ,Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) , Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) , Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA) , CETEMPS Cen-ter of Excellence, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE) , Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) No. 167733, Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) , PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) , Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) , Netherlands; National Centre for Research and Development, Grants No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Cen-tre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and No. HARMONIA 5 - 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundagdo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COM-PETE) , Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partner-ship projects Grants No. 20/2012 and No.194/2012 and PN 16 42 01 02; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, European Community 7th Frame-work Program, Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain; Science and Technology Fa-cilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, U.S.A. ; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.The Auger Muon Infill Ground Array (AMIGA) is part of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory. It consists of particle counters buried 2.3m underground next to the water-Cherenkov stations that form the 23.5 km2 large infilled array. The reduced distance between detectors in this denser area allows the lowering of the energy threshold for primary cosmic ray reconstruction down to about 1017 eV. At the depth of 2.3m the electromagnetic component of cosmic ray showers is almost entirely absorbed so that the buried scintillators provide an independent and direct measurement of the air showers muon content. This work describes the design and implementation of the AMIGA embedded system, which provides centralized control, data acquisition and environment monitoring to its detectors. The presented system was firstly tested in the engineering array phase ended in 2017, and lately selected as the final design to be installed in all new detectors of the production phase. The system was proven to be robust and reliable and has worked in a stable manner since its first deployment.Comision Nacional de Energla AtomicaANPCyTConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Gobierno de la Provincia de MendozaMunicipalidad de MalargtieNDM HoldingsAustralian Research CouncilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ)Financiadora de Inovacao e Pesquisa (Finep)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT) , BrazilGrant Agency of the Czech Republic Czech Republic Government 14-17501SCentre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Region Ile-de-France Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS) French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)German Research Foundation (DFG) Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Al-liance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP) Helmholtz Association Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen Ministerium fur Wis-senschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, GermanyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF)Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA)CETEMPS Cen-ter of ExcellenceMinistry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italy)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT)Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMinisterie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands GovernmentNational Centre for Research & Development, Poland ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11National Science Centre, Poland 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 HARMONIA 5 - 2013/10/M/ST9/00062Portuguese national fundsFEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundagdo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COM-PETE) , PortugalRomanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCSConsiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) 20/2012 194/2012 PN 16 42 01 02Slovenian Research Agency - SloveniaComunidad de MadridFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad,Xunta de Galicia ,European Community 7th Frame-work Program FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-FG02-99ER41107 DE-SC0011689National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696Grainger Foundation, U.S.ANational Foundation for Science & Technology Development (NAFOSTED)Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANETEuropean Particle Physics Latin American Network European Commission PIRSES-2009-GA-246806UNESCOMSMT CR LG15014 LO1305 LM201503

Design, upgrade and characterization of the silicon photomultiplier front-end for the AMIGA detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina -Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia -the Australian Research Council; Brazil -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Czech Republic Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France -Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France; Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands -Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal -Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI(PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102) and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia -Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and FPA2017-85197-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR), Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); U.S.A. -Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; and UNESCO.AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory to complement the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) by measuring the muon content of extensive air showers (EAS). It consists of an array of 61 water Cherenkov detectors on a denser spacing in combination with underground scintillation detectors used for muon density measurement. Each detector is composed of three scintillation modules, with 10 m(2) detection area per module, buried at 2.3 m depth, resulting in a total detection area of 30 m(2). Silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPM) measure the amount of scintillation light generated by charged particles traversing the modules. In this paper, the design of the front-end electronics to process the signals of those SiPMs and test results from the laboratory and from the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. Compared to our previous prototype, the new electronics shows a higher performance, higher efficiency and lower power consumption, and it has a new acquisition system with increased dynamic range that allows measurements closer to the shower core. The new acquisition system is based on the measurement of the total charge signal that the muonic component of the cosmic ray shower generates in the detector.Argentina - Comision Nacional de Energia AtomicaArgentina - Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT)Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de MendozaArgentina - Municipalidad de MalargueArgentina - NDM HoldingsArgentina - Valle Las LenasAustralian Research CouncilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC)Brazil - Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-FranceFrance - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)German Research Foundation (DFG)Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-WurttembergGermany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)Germany - Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-WestfalenGermany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-WurttembergItaly - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)Italy - CETEMPS Center of ExcellenceConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733Mexico - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)Mexico - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAMNetherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and ScienceNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)The Netherlands - SURF CooperativePoland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11 Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198Portugal - Portuguese national funds Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research Romania - Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102 Romania - PNCDI III PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111Spain - Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-PSpain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGRSpain - Feder FundsSpain - RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDTSpain - Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network U.S.A. - UNESCOItaly - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructur

PGAS Model for the Implementation of Scalable Cluster Systems

This paper introduces an extended version of the traditional Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model, for the implementation of scalable cluster systems, that the HyperTransport Consortium Advanced Technology Group (ATG) is working on. Using the Simics and GEMS simulators, we developed a software module that approximates the behavior of a PGAS cluster. This approach mainly provides the simplest mechanism to evaluate how much the PGAS infrastructure will affect overall the application performance. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of the ATG’s PGAS model for running applications with high memory requirements. Such a model, will let manufacturers build clusters that enable the execution of these applications, in such a way that it will be impossible to run them in a single processor, or in a multi–processor

First-In-Human Phase I Study of a Next-Generation, Oral, TGFβ Receptor 1 Inhibitor, LY3200882, in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Càncer avançat; Factor de creixement transformador betaAdvanced Cancer; Transforming Growth Factor betaCáncer avanzado; Factor de crecimiento transformador betaPurpose: A novel, selective, next-generation transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor type-1 small molecule inhibitor, LY3200882, demonstrated promising preclinical data. This first-in-human trial evaluated safety, tolerability, recommended phase II dose (RP2D), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of LY3200882 as monotherapy or with other anticancer agents in patients with advanced cancer. Patients and Methods: This phase I multicenter study of oral LY3200882 (NCT02937272) comprised dose escalation, monotherapy expansion in grade 4 glioma, and combination therapy in solid tumors (LY3200882 and PD-L1 inhibitor LY3300054), pancreatic cancer (LY3200882, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel), and head and neck squamous cell cancer (LY3200882, cisplatin, and radiation). Results: Overall, 139 patients with advanced cancer were treated. The majority (93.5%) of patients experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE), with 39.6% LY3200882-related. Grade 3 LY3200882-related toxicities were only observed in combination therapy arms. One patient in the pancreatic cancer arm experienced cardiovascular toxicity. The LY3200882 monotherapy RP2Ds were established in two schedules: 50 mg twice a day 2-weeks-on/2-weeks-off and 35 mg twice a day 3-weeks-on/1-week-off. Four patients with grade 4 glioma had durable Revised Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) partial responses (PR) with LY3200882 monotherapy (n = 3) or LY3200882-LY3300054 combination therapy (n = 1). In treatment-naïve patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, 6 of 12 patients achieved Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 PR and 3 of 12 patients demonstrated stable disease, for an overall 75% disease-control rate with the combination of LY3200882, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. Conclusions: LY3200882 as monotherapy and combination therapy was safe and well tolerated with preliminary antitumor activity observed in pancreatic cancer. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy of LY3200882 with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer are warranted

From graphene oxide to pristine graphene: revealing the inner workings of the full structural restoration

Producción CientíficaHigh temperature annealing is the only method known to date that allows the complete repair of a defective lattice of graphenes derived from graphite oxide, but most of the relevant aspects of such restoration processes are poorly understood. Here, we investigate both experimentally (scanning probe microscopy) and theoretically (molecular dynamics simulations) the thermal evolution of individual graphene oxide sheets, which is rationalized on the basis of the generation and the dynamics of atomic vacancies in the carbon lattice. For unreduced and mildly reduced graphene oxide sheets, the amount of generated vacancies was so large that they disintegrated at 1773–2073 K. By contrast, highly reduced sheets survived annealing and their structure could be completely restored at 2073 K. For the latter, a minor atomic-sized defect with six-fold symmetry was observed and ascribed to a stable cluster of nitrogen dopants. The thermal behavior of the sheets was significantly altered when they were supported on a vacancy-decorated graphite substrate, as well as for the overlapped/stacked sheets. In these cases, a net transfer of carbon atoms between neighboring sheets via atomic vacancies takes place, affording an additional healing process. Direct evidence of sheet coalescence with the step edge of the graphite substrate was also gathered from experiments and theory.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project AT2011-26399 and MAT2011-22781)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA158A11-2

Sputter optimization of AlN on diamond substrates for high frequency SAW resonators

The AlN/diamond structure is an attractive combination for SAW devices and its application at high frequencies. In this work, the synthesis of AlN thin films by reactive sputtering has been optimized on diamond substrates in order to process high frequency devices. Polished microcrystalline and as-grown nanocrystalline diamond substrates have been used to deposit AlN of different thickness under equal sputtering conditions. For the smoother substrates, the FWHM of the rocking curve of the (002) AlN peak varies from 3.8° to 2.7° with increasing power. SAW one port resonators have been fabricated on these films, whose electrical characterization (in terms of S11 parameters) is reported

Laser transmission welding as an assembling process for high temperature electronic packaging.

Higher efficiency, power density, reliability and longer lifetime of power electronic devices would stem from progresses in material science. In this work, we propose to use a high performance thermoplastic polymer PAEK as packaging box to extend the operating temperature above 200°C. More, the laser transmission welding process has been applied to PAEK to join the two-part module. In order to validate this assembling process, the temperature distribution inside the specimens was measured during laser transmission welding. The assembly consists of a quasi-amorphous sample as the upper part and a semi-crystalline sample as the lower part. The temperature fields were measured by infrared thermography with the camera sensor perpendicular to the welded interface. With an energy beam of 28 J.mm-2 and irradiation time of 15 s, we have noticed that the maximum temperature inside the sample is kept far from the PAEK degradation one. Moreover, the temperature at the interface reaches the melting temperature thus assuring enough mobility for polymeric chains to get adhesion at the interface. The location and size of the heat-affected zone has been determined. Finally, some frames were machined and successfully welded