Physiology and Anatomy of Hair in Drug Abusing Cases

To interpret the results of hair analysis tests accurately and to understand the appropriate role of hair analysis in drug abuse testing and solve instances of poisoning, drug and substance abuse, a basic knowledge of the biology of hair is essential. In case of poising by heavy metals, the hair retains traces of poison for a considerable period. Chemical examination of hair in such cases will reveal the presence of poison in the living as well as exhumed whose biology is only partially understood. Hair grows from small organs (follicles-a skin organ which produce hair) located within the complex microenvironment of the skin which has multiple layers of tissue, three glands whose secretions bathe hair, and multiple vascular systems which are capable of transferring drugs to hair at many levels along the path of the hair shaft. The advantages and disadvantages of using pubic, scalp and beard hair as specimens for hair analysis are also considered. A more precise understanding of the mechanisms involved in the incorporation of drugs into hair is critical for forensic scientist in order to interpret the results of hair analysis properly

Supplier-Switching Inertia and Competitive Asymmetry: A Demand-Side Perspective

Building on strategic management, operations strategy, and supplier management literatures, this article presents a framework for supplier selection from the demand-side perspective. We highlight the role of a purchasing firm’s switching inertia in the supplier selection process and demonstrate the usefulness of our framework for the industrial automation industry. Empirical data for this study was collected from 171 corporate and plant-level executives in pharmaceutical, chemical, and paper-and-pulp manufacturing industries in the United States. A series of Web-based individually customized discrete choice experiments asked the respondents to either switch to the new supplier or stay with the existing supplier. Based on the results of these experiments, we demonstrate the existence of switching inertia in the supplier-selection process and discuss the managerial implications for incumbent and challenger supplier firms

Trends in rates and methods of suicide in India

AbstractSuicide has been around for as long as human society, ranking among the top 13 causes of death in all ages worldwide and continues to challenge our collective wisdom. The present study is a retrospective study evaluating suicide cases in Lucknow, capital of Uttar Pradesh and one of the largest cities in India, between Jan 2008 and Oct 2012. There were 5204 cases with 2946 male (56.61%) and 2258 female (43.38%) victims, between ages 20 and 60years; suicide rates ranged from 21.55 to 24.23 per 100,000 population. The method of suicide was different between male and female victims, as male victims tried to use more violent methods than females. The present study showed that suicide rates have increased since 1994, indicating a grave problem that needs to be solved

ENHANCEMENT OF VOLTAGE PROFILE IN TRANSMISSION LINE USING DSTATCOM AND DVR

In this paper, a STATCOM and DVR  are used to mitigate power quality issues in power system (Transmission Line), STATCOM and DVR  both are used in transmission line simultaneously for enhancement of  Voltage quality in Transmission Line Voltage related issues sags and swells are the by-products of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical faults of the electrical power system(Transmission Line ). The excessive reactive power demand in the line degrades the voltage magnitude from its specified limit.  Power quality has become a crucial factor today due to the wide application of power electronics-based equipment. Day by day, power electronics-based devices are widely used in industries and distribution areas and create more power quality problems. The quality of the power is defective for certain reasons. This power quality improvement is seen, e.g., as sag, swell, overvoltages, Undervoltage, and harmonics. Conventional equipment for enhancement of power quality is becoming inadequate

Prostate cancer: emerging pharmacotherapeutic modalities

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the world due to factors like old age, family history, ethnicity, diet and some elements exposure, with lot of controversies regarding prevention of prostate cancer. Though the exact pathogenesis is not clear, epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between prostate cancer and hormone levels. In this review article we are focusing on the advances in different pharmacotherapeutic modalities i.e. Chemoprevention, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Hormone Therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, SERM, Vaccines, Cryotherapy, Watchful Waiting, Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy etc. and new possibilities with strategies to provide maximal benefits while effectively balancing risks for the prostate cancer treatment

The Genetic and environmental risk Factors of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease generally found in the form of dementia in old age population. Advanced age is still considered as most influencing risk factors for this disease. WHO reported that dementia is the seventh leading cause of death in 2018 and affecting about fifty million people worldwide. Aging led to impair protein metabolism in the Alzheimer’s disease. A number of molecular events has been implicated behind this disease. As AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and etiology is still unclear, familial AD accounts only 5% of the disease. Then it is important to know about some other hidden risk factors that may play crucial role in the onset of the disease. Thus, this paper focused on the role of genetics, different environmental, oxidative stress factors and its association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Study on role of fibular graft in non-union and complex fractures of long bone

Background: Road traffic injuries are the seventh most common cause of long bone fractures. Following high velocity limb trauma, the defects in the long bone are usually associated with appreciable soft-tissue losses. These open long bone injuries always require multidisciplinary managements to reconstruct the composite defects of bone and soft tissue. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out radiological and clinical outcome, complications, and union time in complex and non-union fractures of long bone managed by fibular graft. Materials and Methods: Out of 50 cases, 40 cases were of complex fractures and ten cases were of non-union. We used Fibular strut grafts in reconstruction of bone defects and soft tissue injury. Results: Thirty (60.0%) had excellent functional outcome, 10 (20.0%) had good, 6 (12.0%) had satisfactory, and 4 (8.0%) patients had poor outcome. Main complications were non-union 2 cases and 3 cases of superficial wound infection, which subsided by wound dressing and intravenous antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: Free fibular grafting has been proven to be an ideal choice in the management of large segmental bone defects as well as in situations of biological failure of bone healing