Procjena temeperamenta mliječnih krava odgovorom na novi objekt

The presented study aims to develop on farm test temperament in dairy cattle based on individual differences in behavior during approaching the novel object. The novel object was a red cycling light. Behavior traits (duration of walking and standing at stops) were recorded from the video records as well as numeric modifier (distance of stop). Individual differences in the behavior were evaluated by differences in duration of approaching the novel object. Due to differences in walking speed in the cows the corrected duration of approaching (CDA) was calculated from real duration of approaching the novel object, number of stops and 1st stop distance. A group of 53 tested cows was split into 4 distinctive clusters. Members of cluster 1 had calm type of temperament, cluster had 28 members, median CDA was 28 s (min 11 s, max 53 s). Members of cluster 2 had curious type of temperament, cluster had 14 members, median CDA was 87 s (min 58 s, max 121 s). Members of cluster 3 had vigilant type of temperament, cluster had 9 members, median CDA was 155 s (min 132 s, max 250 s). Members of cluster 4 had fearful type of temperament, and cluster had only 2 members, median CDA was 460 s (min 439 s, max 482 s). Results showed the possibility of on farm temperament type measure by simple test. Testing discovered inappropriate type of temperament in 2 of tested dairy cows with higher risks of problem with habituation to novel objects or during manipulation.Cilj ovog rada je razviti farmski test za procjenu temperamenta farmi u mliječnih goveda na temelju individualnih razlika u ponašanju tijekom pristupanja novom objektu. Novi objekt bilo je crveno biciklističko svjetlo. Iz video zapisa snimljene su osobine ponašanja (trajanje hodanja i stajanja na stajalištima) kao i numerički modifikator (udaljenost zaustavljanja). Individualne razlike u ponašanju procijenjene su razlikama u trajanju približavanja novom objektu. Zbog razlika u brzini hodanja kod krava, korigirano trajanje približavanja (CDA) izračunato je iz stvarnog trajanja približavanja novom objektu, broja zaustavljanja i udaljenosti prvog zaustavljanja. Skupina od 53 testirane krave podijeljena je u 4 različite grupe. Članovi klastera 1 bili su mirnog tipa temperamenta, klaster je imao 28 članova, medijan CDA bio je 28 s (min 11 s, max 53 s). Članovi klastera 2 imali su čudan tip temperamenta, klaster je imao 14 članova, medijan CDA bio je 87 s (min 58 s, max 121 s). Članovi klastera 3 imali su budni tip temperamenta, klaster je imao 9 članova, medijan CDA bio je 155 s (min 132 s, max 250 s). Članovi klastera 4 imali su strašljiv tip temperamenta, a klaster je imao samo 2 člana, medijan CDA bio je 460 s (min 439 s, max 482 s). Rezultati su pokazali mogućnost mjerenja tipa temperamenta na farmi jednostavnim testom. Testiranje je otkrilo neodgovarajući tip temperamenta kod 2 testirane mliječne krave s većim rizikom problema u navikavanju na nove objekte ili tijekom manipulacije

Hodnotenie zmien správania, tepová frekvencia a rektálna telesná teplota teliat počas prvých dvoch hodín po narodení

The present experiment focuses on the evaluation of the behavior of Holstein calves in the first two hours after birth. The research took place at the Slovak University of Agriculture Farm in Oponice. The calf sample consisted of 11 individuals. The lying, standing, moving were scored and number of attempts to lift head, latency to head lifting, number of attempts to stand up and latency to stand up, and the number of ears shaking. Behavior was evaluated by next traits: total duration of lying, standing and moving, average duration of one bout lying, standing and moving, percentage rate of lying, standing and moving, number of occurrence of bouts for all scored traits, mean duration inter-event interval for all scored traits. The basic physiological parameters (heart rate – HR and rectal temperature – RT) were measured in four 15 minute intervals during first hour after the birth (M15, M30, M45 and M60). Difference in behavior between first and second hour of observation was tested by non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Relation among measured and scored traits was analysed by Spearman rank correlation. The average duration of birth of the examined calf sample was 1 hour and 4 minutes (±0.33 seconds). Positive correlations (P<0.05) between the first and second hour were found in many signs measured after birth (total time of lying, standing and moving, attempts to stand up, latency of standing and ears shaking).The present experiment focuses on the evaluation of the behavior of Holstein calves in the first two hours after birth. The research took place at the Slovak University of Agriculture Farm in Oponice. The calf sample consisted of 11 individuals. The lying, standing, moving were scored and number of attempts to lift head, latency to head lifting, number of attempts to stand up and latency to stand up, and the number of ears shaking. Behavior was evaluated by next traits: total duration of lying, standing and moving, average duration of one bout lying, standing and moving, percentage rate of lying, standing and moving, number of occurrence of bouts for all scored traits, mean duration inter-event interval for all scored traits. The basic physiological parameters (heart rate – HR and rectal temperature – RT) were measured in four 15 minute intervals during first hour after the birth (M15, M30, M45 and M60). Difference in behavior between first and second hour of observation was tested by non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Relation among measured and scored traits was analysed by Spearman rank correlation. The average duration of birth of the examined calf sample was 1 hour and 4 minutes (±0.33 seconds). Positive correlations (P<0.05) between the first and second hour were found in many signs measured after birth (total time of lying, standing and moving, attempts to stand up, latency of standing and ears shaking)

Procjena temeperamenta mliječnih krava odgovorom na novi objekt

The presented study aims to develop on farm test temperament in dairy cattle based on individual differences in behavior during approaching the novel object. The novel object was a red cycling light. Behavior traits (duration of walking and standing at stops) were recorded from the video records as well as numeric modifier (distance of stop). Individual differences in the behavior were evaluated by differences in duration of approaching the novel object. Due to differences in walking speed in the cows the corrected duration of approaching (CDA) was calculated from real duration of approaching the novel object, number of stops and 1st stop distance. A group of 53 tested cows was split into 4 distinctive clusters. Members of cluster 1 had calm type of temperament, cluster had 28 members, median CDA was 28 s (min 11 s, max 53 s). Members of cluster 2 had curious type of temperament, cluster had 14 members, median CDA was 87 s (min 58 s, max 121 s). Members of cluster 3 had vigilant type of temperament, cluster had 9 members, median CDA was 155 s (min 132 s, max 250 s). Members of cluster 4 had fearful type of temperament, and cluster had only 2 members, median CDA was 460 s (min 439 s, max 482 s). Results showed the possibility of on farm temperament type measure by simple test. Testing discovered inappropriate type of temperament in 2 of tested dairy cows with higher risks of problem with habituation to novel objects or during manipulation.Cilj ovog rada je razviti farmski test za procjenu temperamenta farmi u mliječnih goveda na temelju individualnih razlika u ponašanju tijekom pristupanja novom objektu. Novi objekt bilo je crveno biciklističko svjetlo. Iz video zapisa snimljene su osobine ponašanja (trajanje hodanja i stajanja na stajalištima) kao i numerički modifikator (udaljenost zaustavljanja). Individualne razlike u ponašanju procijenjene su razlikama u trajanju približavanja novom objektu. Zbog razlika u brzini hodanja kod krava, korigirano trajanje približavanja (CDA) izračunato je iz stvarnog trajanja približavanja novom objektu, broja zaustavljanja i udaljenosti prvog zaustavljanja. Skupina od 53 testirane krave podijeljena je u 4 različite grupe. Članovi klastera 1 bili su mirnog tipa temperamenta, klaster je imao 28 članova, medijan CDA bio je 28 s (min 11 s, max 53 s). Članovi klastera 2 imali su čudan tip temperamenta, klaster je imao 14 članova, medijan CDA bio je 87 s (min 58 s, max 121 s). Članovi klastera 3 imali su budni tip temperamenta, klaster je imao 9 članova, medijan CDA bio je 155 s (min 132 s, max 250 s). Članovi klastera 4 imali su strašljiv tip temperamenta, a klaster je imao samo 2 člana, medijan CDA bio je 460 s (min 439 s, max 482 s). Rezultati su pokazali mogućnost mjerenja tipa temperamenta na farmi jednostavnim testom. Testiranje je otkrilo neodgovarajući tip temperamenta kod 2 testirane mliječne krave s većim rizikom problema u navikavanju na nove objekte ili tijekom manipulacije

Growth of beef cattle as prediction for meat production: A review

Article Details: Received: 2019-12-12 | Accepted: 2020-03-09 | Available online: 2020-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.58-69Increased interest in the breeding of beef cows results from the trends of society, especially in the consumption of quality raw materials of animal origin. Breeding of beef cattle is often encountered as part of a modern rural lifestyle. The good growth ability of calves is a decisive factor in the profitability of breeding of suckling cows and decides on the breeder‘s satisfaction in setting purchase prices. This quantity is expressed mainly by the average daily gains and the live weight of calves under one year of age. In addition to the achieved weight of beef, is very important shaping of individual body parts representing the most valuable meat parts of animal, to which the body measurements of sires must correspond. Weight gains point to the degree of adaptation of a specific breed to the farming conditions. Equally, the genetic basis of an individual influences the achieved weight of animal. Genetic improvement of meat performance depends on breeding programs that exploit genetic variability between breeds and within the breed. Moreover, the breeding conditions and animal handling could influence the increasing of live weight. Breeding efficiency will always be a summary of factors that determine the own cost and the purchase price of weaned calves. In view of the above, this review is focuses on the main intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the growth characteristics of different cattle breeds as well as its relationship with slaughter characteristics.Keywords: body measurements, body weight, breed, factor, growth characteristicsReferencesALBERTÍ, P. et al. (2005). Carcass characterization of seven Spanish beef breeds slaughtered at two commercial weights. Meat Science, 71(3), 514–521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.033ALBERTÍ, P. et al. (2008). 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Effect of production system on fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Ile de France lambs

Submitted 2020-07-03 | Accepted 2020-08-18 | Available 2020-12-01https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.174-179 A study was conducted on the effect of two different lamb production systems on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat of 40 purebred Ile de France lambs. In the first production system, ewes and lambs grazed on pasture without concentrate (GS), whereas in the second production system, ewes and lambs were housed indoor and fed silage/hay and concentrate (IS). Twenty lambs (7 females and 13 males) were included in each group. Lambs were slaughtered at 28.75 ± 2.76 kg. The FA were determined by gas chromatography and analysed through ANOVA by considering the following fixed effects: production system, sex and the interaction between production system and sex. Subcutaneous fat of GS lambs had greater proportion of C18:3n-3 (P <0.001), C22:5n-3 (P <0.05) and C22:6n-3 (P <0.05) than IS lambs, which resulted in a higher sum of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in GS compared to IS lambs (2.00 vs. 1.15 g/100 g FAME, P <0.001). Moreover, subcutaneous fat of GS lambs had greater proportion of c9,t11-C18:2 (P <0.001) and sum of detected conjugated linoleic acid isomers than IS lambs (2.21 vs. 0.67 g/100 g FAME, P <0.001). Females had significantly greater proportion of C18:2n-6 (P <0.05) and C18:3n-6 (P <0.001) than males. We can conclude that the GS system where lambs are raised under grazing conditions may provide carcasses with a more acceptable subcutaneous fat, as far as a human health and nutrition perspective is concerned.Keywords: lamb, production system, subcutaneous fat, fatty acid compositionReferencesAckman, R. G. (2002). The gas chromatograph in practical analyses of common and uncommon fatty acids for the 21st century. 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CALVING ANALYSIS IN COWS OF CHAROLAIS BREED AT SELECTED FARM

At our work we have analysed the organisation of calving in Charolais breed during the years from 1998 to 2001 at selected farm. Our monitoring of calving during winter season (from January to February) shows the percentage of calving was in particular years ranged from 43.2 to 71.1. The most calves were born in February. We found out (total all years) diffi cult calving (value 3) in 2 cases in April (1998 and 1999) and 1 case in February (1998) and 1 in March (1999). Calving marked with value 2 (total of all years) we found out in January (2 cases), February (3 cases), March (4 cases) and from September to December past one case. From 18 cases of diffi cult calving what we found out, 11 calves (61.11 %) come from CHV 529 bull. In calves born by normal calving was found out average weight 34.75 kg, in ones born by calving with level 2 of diffi culty 36.36 kg, and in calves born by calving with diffi culty 3 was recorded average weight 41.5 kg. Recorded weight at 210 days of age in mostly cases was similar like in published breed standard

Dependence of milk production of dairy sheep on climate conditions

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.85-88The aim of the study was to determine the influence of selected climatic characteristics on the milk production of ewes during lactation. Data of ewes from sheep farm Liptovská Teplička located in moderate climate zone (latitude 48°57'50.3"N, longitude 20°04'31.0"E) were analysed. In period from 2017 to 2019, the following milk traits: total morning milk production (TMPM), total evening milk production (TMPE), total morning+evening production (TMPM+E) and average daily milk production per ewe (ADMP) were measured on a daily basis. Traditional (Carpatian) production system was applied: ewes were on pasture and machine milked twice a day. Climate characteristics were monitored in 10-minute intervals by standard weather station (supplier: firm PHYSICUS), located near sheep farm. The influence of air temperature - T (°C), of relative humidity - RH (%), of wind speed (m.s-1) and of total precipitation (mm)recorded daily between 5 a.m. and 4 p.m. in period from April to September on milk traits was analysed. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated according to National Research formula. The influence of year, of month and of interaction year x month was also analysed. Covariance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients using statistical programme SASv9.2 (procedures GLM and CORR) were employed. The influence of month and of interaction year x month, respectively, on milk traits was found (P40.0 and THI <= 68.0). Preliminary results suggest that milk production traits of dairy sheep may be significantly influenced by climate also in moderate climatic zone.Keywords:  sheep, thermal stress, milk yield, temperate zoneReferencesAl Dawood, A. 2017. Towards heat stress management in small ruminants – a review. Ann. Anim. Sci., 17(1), 59-88. DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0068Finocchiaro, R., Van Kaam, J.B.C.H.M., Portolano, B., Misztal, I. 2005. Effect of heat stress on production of Mediterranean dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1855-1864.Gauly, M., Ammer, S. 2020. Review: Challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate changes. Animal,. 14:S1, s196-s203. doi:10.1017/S1751731119003239Gauly, M., Bollwein, H., Breves, G., Brugemann, K., Danicke, S., Das, G., Demeler, J., Hansen, H., Isselstein, J., Konig, S., Loholter, M., Martinshon, M., Meyer, U., Potthoff, M., Sanker, C., Schroder, B., Wrange, N., Meibaum, B., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Stinshof, Wrenzycki, C., 2013. Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review. Animal, 7, 843-859. doi:10.1017/S1751731112002352Ramón, M., Díaz, C., Pérez-Guzman, M.D., Carabaño, M.J. 2016. Effect of exposure to adverse climatic conditions on production in Manchega dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 99, 5764-5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10909Hamzaoui, S., Salama, A.A.K., Albanell, E., Such, X., Caja, G. 2013. Physiological responses and lactational performances of late-lactation dairy goats under heat stress conditions. J. Dairy Sci., 96, 6355-6365. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2013-6665National Research Council (NRC). 1971. A guide to envronmental research on animals. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science.Sánches-Molano, E., Kapsona, V.V., Ilska, J.J., Desire, S., Conington, J., Mucha, S., Banos., G. 2019. Genetic analysis of novel phenotypes for farm animal resilience to weather variability. BMC Genetics., 20-84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-019-0787-zSilanikove, N., N. Koluman (Darcan). 2015. Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Rumin Res., 123, 27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.00

The analysis of pork quality affected by diet containing organic chromium

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of organic chromium on the parameters of the chemical composition and physical quality of the pork. The control group was fed by standard feed mixture. The mineral-protein dough used in feed mixture for experimental group was enriched by chromium-nicotinate, which made 0.75 mg.kg-1 Cr3+ in the complete feed. In the values of pH1 and pH24 parameter, statistically significant differences between groups were not found. We also found statistically non-significant differences in the indicator of electrical conductivity measured 45 minutes p.m and 24 hours p.m. The value of the drip-loss in % in the control group was slightly higher compared with the experimental group, but the results were statistically insignificant. The value of the CIE L*  in the control group was 63.17 ± 4.26 compared with the experimental group where we measured the value 61.29 ± 4.11 which means that the control group had slightly lighter colour of meat. In CIE L * value, we found statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). The value of the Warner-Bratzler shear force in the control group was slightly higher compared with the experimental group, but the results were statistically insignificant. The indicators total water, total protein and intramuscular fat were not affected by organic chromium. We found statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in content of monounsaturated fatty acids in favour of the experimental group