The GRANDMA network in preparation for the fourth gravitational-wave observing run

GRANDMA is a world-wide collaboration with the primary scientific goal ofstudying gravitational-wave sources, discovering their electromagneticcounterparts and characterizing their emission. GRANDMA involves astronomers,astrophysicists, gravitational-wave physicists, and theorists. GRANDMA is now atruly global network of telescopes, with (so far) 30 telescopes in bothhemispheres. It incorporates a citizen science programme (Kilonova-Catcher)which constitutes an opportunity to spread the interest in time-domainastronomy. The telescope network is an heterogeneous set of already-existingobserving facilities that operate coordinated as a single observatory. Withinthe network there are wide-field imagers that can observe large areas of thesky to search for optical counterparts, narrow-field instruments that dotargeted searches within a predefined list of host-galaxy candidates, andlarger telescopes that are devoted to characterization and follow-up of theidentified counterparts. Here we present an overview of GRANDMA after the thirdobserving run of the LIGO/VIRGO gravitational-wave observatories in $2019-2020$and its ongoing preparation for the forthcoming fourth observational campaign(O4). Additionally, we review the potential of GRANDMA for the discovery andfollow-up of other types of astronomical transients.<br

POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WHO UNDERWENT A SURGERY ON THE COLON AND ANORECTAL AREA

Aim. The research was carried out to create and evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation algorithm of children who underwent a surgery on the colon and anorectal area.Materials and methods. We have experience in rehabilitation of 245 patients aged from 8 months to 15 years with anorectal  agenesis and Hirschsprung's disease. To assess the effectiveness of  the proposed algorithm of rehabilitation measures we formed 2  identical groups according to age, sex and nosology indicators. The  main group consisted of 136 children with abovementioned  pathology. Rehabilitation measures were carried out according to the developed algorithm. It included early bougienage, general and local  physiotherapy, correction of intestinal dysbiosis by selective  decontamination, relief of water-electrolyte and metabolic disorders. The control group consisted of 109 patients. Rehabilitation was carried out according to the traditional methods. Results. When comparing the results of rehabilitation, the following data were obtained: therapeutic and preventive bougienage was  carried out for 18.34±1.29 months in patients of the control group  and for 9.56±0.94 months in children of the main group. The  duration of anal sphincter insufficiency treatment in the control  group was 23.48±1.95 months and only 11.29±1.07 months in the main group. The timing of the correction of dysbiosis in patients of the control group was 36.25±2.17 months and 14.36±1.14 months  in children of the main group. The duration of electrolyte disorders  and metabolic disorders correction in the control group was 14.16±0.57 months and 6.34±0.28 months in the main group.Conclusion. The application of the developed algorithm of rehabilitation measures made it possible to reduce their duration by  more than 2 times according to all the studied criteria. It allows us  to recommend the created rehabilitation algorithm for wide clinical application

GRANDMA Observations of ZTF/Fink Transients during Summer 2021

We present our follow-up observations with GRANDMA of transient sources revealed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Over a period of six months, all ZTF triggers were examined in real time by a dedicated science module implemented in the Fink broker, which will be used for the data processing of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. In this article, we present three selection methods to identify kilonova candidates. Out of more than 35 million candidates, a hundred sources have passed our selection criteria. Six were then followed-up by GRANDMA (by both professional and amateur astronomers). The majority were finally classified either as asteroids or as supernovae events. We mobilized 37 telescopes, bringing together a large sample of images, taken under various conditions and quality. To complement the orphan kilonova candidates (those without associated gamma-ray bursts, which were all), we included three additional supernovae alerts to conduct further observations of during summer 2021. We demonstrate the importance of the amateur astronomer community that contributed images for scientific analyzes of new sources discovered in a magnitude range r'=17-19 mag. We based our rapid kilonova classification on the decay rate of the optical source that should exceed 0.3 mag/day. GRANDMA's follow-up determined the fading rate within 1.5+/-1.2 days post-discovery, without waiting for further observations from ZTF. No confirmed kilonovae were discovered during our observing campaign. This work will be continued in the coming months in the view of preparing for kilonova searches in the next gravitational-wave observing run O4

GRANDMA Observations of ZTF/Fink Transients during Summer 2021

We present our follow-up observations with GRANDMA of transient sources revealed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Over a period of six months, all ZTF triggers were examined in real time by a dedicated science module implemented in the Fink broker, which will be used for the data processing of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. In this article, we present three selection methods to identify kilonova candidates. Out of more than 35 million candidates, a hundred sources have passed our selection criteria. Six were then followed-up by GRANDMA (by both professional and amateur astronomers). The majority were finally classified either as asteroids or as supernovae events. We mobilized 37 telescopes, bringing together a large sample of images, taken under various conditions and quality. To complement the orphan kilonova candidates (those without associated gamma-ray bursts, which were all), we included three additional supernovae alerts to conduct further observations of during summer 2021. We demonstrate the importance of the amateur astronomer community that contributed images for scientific analyzes of new sources discovered in a magnitude range r'=17-19 mag. We based our rapid kilonova classification on the decay rate of the optical source that should exceed 0.3 mag/day. GRANDMA's follow-up determined the fading rate within 1.5+/-1.2 days post-discovery, without waiting for further observations from ZTF. No confirmed kilonovae were discovered during our observing campaign. This work will be continued in the coming months in the view of preparing for kilonova searches in the next gravitational-wave observing run O4