De transitie van het initieel beroepsonderwijs naar de arbeidsmarkt met speciale aandacht voor de ongekwalificeerde onderwijsverlaters

Hoger instituut voor de Arbeid (HIVA) Afdeling Didactiek. Centrum voor Onderwijseffectiviteit en -evaluatie. Leuvens Instituut voor onderwijsonderzoek (LIVO)status: publishe

Participation of young children with developmental disabilities : parental needs and strategies, a qualitative thematic analysis

Objectives Participation refers to a person's involvement in activities and roles that provide interaction with others as well as engagement in family and community activities. Young children with developmental disabilities (DD) such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder are limited in their participation compared with their typically developing peers. This study aimed to obtain information regarding parental needs and strategies used to enable their child's participation. Design A thematic inductive approach with in-depth interviews was used to explore parental experiences. Eleven women and two men, between 30 and 40 years of age, who had a child (4-9 years old) with a DD diagnosis based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, participated in semistructured interviews. Results Two central themes emerged: parental needs and parental strategies used to enable their child's participation. Parental needs were the following: increasing awareness, ameliorating parental burden, providing tailored interventions and supporting parents in finding suitable leisure activities. Parental strategies aimed at increasing their child's resiliency, attaining maximal fit between activity requirements and child capacity, and creating inclusive opportunities and awareness. Conclusions Understanding what families' needs are and how families use and integrate strategies within the context of their daily lives provides practitioners with insights needed to support families' resiliency in promoting their children's participation. The results have implications for professionals as this information can be used to inform, refine, or tailor participation-based and family-centred services

A qualitative photo elicitation research study to elicit the perception of young children with developmental disabilities such as ADHD and/or DCD and/or ASD on their participation

Participation, defined as 'involvement in life situations' according to the World Health Organisation, is a well-recognized concept and critical indicator of quality of life. In addition it has become an important outcome measure in child rehabilitation. However, little is known about the level of participation of young children with Developmental Disabilities. The aim of this study was to capture their subjective experiences of participation. An adapted informed consent based on a comic strip was used to get the children's assent. A Photo Elicitation study was used, in which photographs were taken by the children when they were involved in meaningful activities. The photographs were then used to facilitate communication with the children and to initiate in depth-interviews. Forty-seven interviews with 16 children between five and nine years were conducted based on their photographs. This method generated rich data, confirming that young children with Developmental Disabilities were able to inform us accurately on their experiences of participation. Data was analysed by means of an inductive thematic analysis. Results showed that children perceived their participation as satisfying when they can play, learn and join in family gatherings resulting in feelings of inclusion, recognition and belonging. When there are-on occasions-moments that their participation was obstructed, the children used two strategies to resolve it. Or they walked away from it and choose not to participate, or when autonomously motivated for the activity, they relied primarily on their context (i.e. mothers) as enabling their participation. Related to the data, children discussed themes related to their person, activities, connections and mediators between those themes. These themes fit well within earlier and current research on the subject of participation

In-vitro growth characteristics of commercial probiotic strains and their potential for inhibition of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens

The effect of catheter material on intravenous catheterisation complications in horses are unknown. This study evaluated the presence of bacterial colonisation on Teflon® and polyurethane short term intravenous catheters in healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgery. Horses on admission for elective surgery were randomly allocated according to catheter type. Sixteen horses received Teflon® catheters and 19 received polyurethane. Aseptic catheter placement and removal was standardised, however systemic antibiotic treatment was case dependant and at the clinician’s discretion. To simulate routine clinical practice, face masks were not worn during placement nor were the catheters bandaged. Catheters were maintained for 74 hours and assessed for clinical evidence of catheter site reaction, phlebitis or thrombosis twice daily. Bacteria were cultured from 69% of Teflon® and 89% of polyurethane catheters. Multiple isolates were found in 31% of Teflon® and 42% of polyurethane catheters The Fisher exact test showed no difference between the proportion of catheters with colonisation (P=0.28) or multiple isolates (P=0.76). The microbes cultured were predominantly gram positive, similar to other equine and human studies. Multiple-drug resistance was seen regularly, regardless of antibiotic treatment. Despite this, no clinical evidence of phlebitis or thrombosis occurred in any horse. It was concluded, that was no clear association between bacterial colonisation of Teflon® or polyurethane catheters (0.9<RR<1.87). The unexpected large proportion of bacterial isolates in the absence of clinical signs was also evaluated and suggests that the equine immune system plays a role in the development of septic phlebitis or thrombosis

Deregulation of the endometrial stromal cell secretome precedes embryo implantation failure

STUDY QUESTION Is implantation failure following ART associated with a perturbed decidual response in endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER Dynamic changes in the secretome of decidualizing EnSCs underpin the transition of a hostile to a supportive endometrial microenvironment for embryo implantation; perturbation in this transitional pathway prior to ART is associated with implantation failure. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Implantation is the rate-limiting step in ART, although the contribution of an aberrant endometrial microenvironment in IVF failure remains ill defined. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In vitro characterization of the temporal changes in the decidual response of primary EnSCs isolated prior to a successful or failed ART cycle. An analysis of embryo responses to secreted cues from undifferentiated and decidualizing EnSCs was performed. The primary clinical outcome of the study was a positive urinary pregnancy test 14 days after embryo transfer. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Primary EnSCs were isolated from endometrial biopsies obtained prior to IVF treatment and cryopreserved. EnSCs from 10 pregnant and 10 non-pregnant patients were then thawed, expanded in culture, subjected to clonogenic assays, and decidualized for either 2 or 8 days. Transcript levels of decidual marker gene [prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B1)] were analysed using real-time quantitative PCR and temporal secretome changes of 45 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured by multiplex suspension bead immunoassay. The impact of the EnSC secretome on human blastocyst development was scored morphologically; and embryo secretions in response to EnSC cues analyzed by multiplex suspension bead immunoassay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Clonogenicity and induction of decidual marker genes were comparable between EnSC cultures from pregnant and non-pregnant group groups (P > 0.05). Analysis of 23 secreted factors revealed that successful implantation was associated with co-ordinated secretome changes in decidualizing EnSCs, which were most pronounced on Day 2 of differentiation: 17 differentially secreted proteins on Day 2 of decidualization relative to undifferentiated (Day 0) EnSCs (P 0.05)

Suspected haemorrhagic cystitis in a dog as delayed complication after contrast-enhanced computed tomography

A 10-month-old female intact Australian shepherd dog was diagnosed with an intrapelvic mass. Blood and urinanalyses were unremarkable. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed to define the extent of the mass. A large, expansile, heterogeneous mass, extending from the ventral aspect of the last lumbar vertebra until the second caudate vertebra and invading the vertebral canal at the lumbosacral junction with displacement of all organs in the caudal abdomen, was diagnosed. Two days after the CT scan, the dog was euthanased because of deterioration of clinical signs despite the start of multimodal analgesia. Necropsy and subsequent histology and immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a plasmacytoma and haemorrhagic cystitis. The haemorrhagic cystitis was most likely caused by the contrast agent used for the CT scan that remained in the bladder for a prolonged time, secondary to subobstruction of the urethra

De transitie van het initieel beroepsonderwijs naar de arbeidsmarkt met speciale aandacht voor de onderwijsverlaters

nrpages: 310status: publishe

HLA typing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Typing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on preimplantation embryos is legally allowed and ethically accepted in Belgium. The 'Vrije Universiteit Brussel' (VUB) has five years of experience with technical and clinical aspects of HLA typing on single cells. Setting up and running a programme for HLA typing is labour intensive, in particular when it has to be combined with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for distinct inherited genetic diseases, and time is always pressing because of the need for transplantation of the affected sibling. A general technique for HLA typing using short tandem repeats (STRs) linked to the HLA locus in multiplex PCR has been developed at our centre. At present, the overall clinical success rate is low: the ongoing pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval cycle is 9.8%. This is not due to the technique because a conclusive HLA diagnosis can be assured in 91.9% of the embryos. The low success rate is correlated with a low transfer rate per cycle (35.5%). This is due to the genetic constitution of the embryos (in theory 1/4 for HLA, 1/8 for HLA in combination with sexing for X-linked recessive diseases and 3/16 for HLA in combination with autosomal recessive disorders) and clinical restrictions (in particular the reproductive age of the mother). The current ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate per transfer are acceptable (27.2% and 20.8% respectively). The results may be improved by selecting younger patients and by optimizing hormonal stimulation protocols and/or embryo culture systems.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe