Skizofrén narratívák = Shizophrenic narratives

Kutatásunkban a pszichitáriai betegségekkel kapcsolatos diskurzust, a pszichiátriai betegségeknek és betegeknek társadalomban való megjelenési lehetőségeit tanulmányoztuk. A pszichiátrián kezelt (dominánsan skizofrénnek diagnosztizált) egyénekkel, gyógyítóikkal, a környezetükben élőkkel készített élettörténeti, a betegségtöténetre koncentráló narratív interjúkat, híres pszichiátriai betegek önéletrajzi ihletésű műveit és a pszichiátriai betegségek kategórizálási rendszerének dokumentumait elemeztük, s vizsgáltuk a betegek munkaerőpiaci helyzetét is. Fernezelyi Bori és Légmán Anna írásukban arra keresték a választ, hogy hogyan él(het) az egyén egy olyan társadalomban, ahol őt skizofrénnek tartják. Dénes Judit esettanulmányának legfontosabb kérdésfeltevése a betegkarrier mibenléte, kialakulása, az, ahogy ez a különböző narratívákban - a páciensében és környezetéében - megfogalmazódik. Fernezelyi Bori egy pszichiátriai osztályról írt antropológiai jellegű esettanulmányt. Füleki Kati a betegségek osztályozási rendszerén, az orvosi szakma egyik legalapvetőbb dokumentumán keresztül elemezte a ma uralkodó orvosi szemléletet. Légmán Annának és Bányai Borbálának a pszichiátriai betegek munkaerő-piaci helyzetéről íródott tanulmánya szintén a társadalomnak a betegekhez fűződő viszonyát boncolgatta. Légmán Anna Plathról szóló tanulmányában a beteg egyén és társadalom kapcsolatát vizsgálta Sylvia Plath élettörténetén, művein keresztül. | Our research focused on the discourse on psychiatric illnesses, the appereance of psychiatric disorder and patients in society. We analysed narrative interviews of psychiatric patients (mostly schizophrenic), their doctors and nurses and people living in their surrounding. The focus of the interviews were the story of the illness. The project included also the analysis of life-narratives and other texts concentrating their own story of famous psychiatric patients, documents of the categorizing system of psychiatric disorders, the place of these people on the labour market. In their paper Fernezelyi Bori and Légmán Anna try to answer the question, how a patient diagnosed schisophrenic can live in the society. The most important question of Dénes Judit's case-study is the patient-carrier is, how it comes to being and how it is formulated in the different narratives of patient and sorrounding. The subject of Fernezelyi Bori's antropological case-study is a psychiatric unit. Füleki Kati analysed one of the most important documents of the categorisation of illnesses, which shows the professional approach to these problems. The focus of the case-study of Légmán Anna and Bányai Borbála is also the relation to psychiatric disorder and patients of society through the analysis of their position on the labour market.The paper of Légmán Anna on Sylvia Plath analysis the relation of the psychicly ill individual and society throught the life history and novels of the writer

H2TI2O5 H2O nanowire as an intermediary phase of TIO2 anode for dye sensitized solar cell

In the last years, nanostructures have been widely used in energy harvesting devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), nanogenerators, and fuel cells, due to their high efficiency and light weight [1-4]. Therefore, nanostructure based DSSCs are likely to be lowcost, high efficiency, and simple in preparation, which is promising as a renewable energy resource for sustainable development of the future. Besides DSSC applications, nanostructures have been used in energy storage fields, such as lithium ion batteries (LIBs), due to their highenergy density and long cycle life [5, 6]. A great challenge is to combine solar energy conversion and storage into one device. Using (Ti) sheet as substrate for TiO2 nanorods grown as intermediary, the integrated power pack can be flexible and directly harvest and store energy by the electron conduction of the substrate. Thereby, using double-sided TiO2 nanorods not only provide larger electrode area for DSSCs and LIBs but also can improve the electron transport properties of DSSCs and avoid irregular expansion when the insertion/removal of lithium along a specific orientation in anode material [7]. Compared with other integrated solar power supplies, double-sided TiO2 nanorods with large area can be prepared by a simple, cost-effective, and controllable electrochemical process. Moreover, such H2Ti2O5 ·H2O material are good precursor of titania and metal titanate, and have well-controlled shapes such as nanotubes and nanosheets [8,9]. H2Ti2O5 are usually synthesized by solvothermal treatment of titania or by ion-exchange of alkaline metal titanates. Until now, the synthesis of H2Ti2O5 have been less frequently reported than those of other hydrogen titanates, such as H2Ti3O7 and H2T4O9, and it is formed as sheet-like particles[10,11]. The structure of H2Ti2O5 has not been well established, it is reported to be a layered compound which is an isostructure to K2Ti2O5 [12]. In this paper, we report the successful hydrothermal synthesis of H2Ti2O5 ·H2O nanowire as an intermediary phase of TiO2 anode for dye sensitized solar cell. The structure of products was determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) PW 3040/60 X’Pert PRO using Cu-Kα radiation with (λ=1.5418Å), in the range 2θ = 10-80°, at room temperature. A Scanning Electron Microscope InspectS (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of synthesized nanocrystals. . The diffuse reflectance spectra (DSR) was obtained using a Lambda 950 UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer with 150 mm integrating sphere in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm

Preparation of mesoporous TiO2 by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods

Over the last years, there has been increasing interest in the application of TiO2 with nanosized powders or mesoporous structure for gas sensing, photocatalysts, photoelectrodes, and solar energy conversion. In these applications, the control of morphology, particle size, distribution, phase composition, and porosity of TiO2 is a primary factor in determining the properties of the final materials. Mesoporous TiO2 has a large surface area because of its confined porous structure and high surface to volume ratio, and also it should have a higher photocatalytic activity, because of the improved access to the active sites of TiO2 [1]. To prepare TiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles, is not such a simple work, because the raw materials, obtaining materials conditions such as the temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength, acidity, reactant ratios, and the temperature calcination influence their formation. Mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles can be prepared through a few methods, like hydrothermal synthesis, evaporation-induced self assembly, precipitation reaction, or the sol–gel process [2]. In this study, we report the preparation and characterization mesoporous TiO2 by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods using hexadecylamine and Pluronic 127 like surfactant-template. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET

Investigation of Cu2O as photocathode for P-type dye-sensitized solar cells

In p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs), NiO is the most commonly used p-type semiconductor [1]. Considering the drawbacks of NiO, alternative p-type semiconductors with better optical transparency, lower VB edge position and higher hole mobility are desired for p-DSSCs [2]. The cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a natively p-type semiconductor with a direct band gap of about 1.9–2.2 eV [3]. Non-toxic nature, the stability, natural abundance, low cost production, good electrical properties and a good absorption coefficient for visible light prompted to investigate the cuprous oxide as a material suitable for the realization of low cost and large scale p-DSSCs [4]. the nanoparticles have been intensively studied as photocathodes materials for DSSCs because of their larger specific surface areas to absorb more dye molecules. At the same time, the small-sized particles have shown that the inefficient ability to scatter the solar radiation which reduces the light-harvesting efficiency. Based on these premises, we propose to investigate the effect of micrometer-size structures on the photovoltaic performance of p-DSSCs based on cuprous oxide. In this work, 3D hierarchical structure built of the micrometer dendritic rods and the porous truncated octahedrons have been successfully synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal methods using copper (II) acetate and ethyl cellulose as reactants. The DSSC based on the porous structure exhibits approximately 15% increase in JSC and VOC than 3D hierarchical structure. XRD patterns of the Cu2O_1 and Cu2O_2 compound, obtained from hydrothermal method are shown in figure 1. All the diffraction peaks could be indexed as Cu2O (cuprite) with cubic structure (space group: Pn-3m; JCPDS Nr. 01-074-1230), only a small amount of CuO is detected as impurity in Cu2O_2 sample. The formation of CuO phase is determined by the time reaction which in the case of Cu2O_2 is still small to establish completely Cu+1 oxidation state