Changes in the total protein, carbohydtate and lipid contents in selected tissues of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. under the influence of a juvenoid R394

Η νεανική ορμόνη R394 (ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-nonadienoate) εφαρμόστηκε τοπικά σε προνύμφες 5Π" σταδίου του μεταξοσκώληκα Bombyx mori L. (υβρίδιο: ΚΑ χ NB4D2) σε δόση 0,039η1/προνύμφη vta 24, 48, 72 και 96 ώρες, για την βελτίωση της παραγωγής μεταξιού. Επιλέχθηκαν τρεις κύριοι ιστοί, ο οπίσθιος μεταξογόνος αδένας (PSG). η αιμολέμφος και το λιπώδες σώμα, οι οποίοι συλλέχθηκαν από πλήρως αναπτυγμένες προ νύμφες και υπολογίστηκε η περιεκτικότητα τους σε ολικές πρωτεΐνες, ολίκούς υδατάνθρακες Kar ολικά λιπίδια. Το αποτέλεσμα έδειξε ότι η περιεκτικότητα των κύριων μεταβολιτών διέφερε σημαντικά στους παραπάνω ιστούς, ανάλογα με τον χρόνο εφαρμογής της νεανικής ορμόνης. Η υψηλότερη περιεκτικότητα σε πρωτεΐνες παρατηρήθηκε στην αιμολεμφο και το μεταξογόνο αδένα των προνυμφών που δέχτηκαν την επέμβαση για 72 ώρες, ενώ η περιεκτικότητα σε πρωτεΐνες του λιπώδους σώματος ήταν η μικρότερη στην ίδια μεταχείριση. Η χαμηλότερη ολική περιεκτικότητα σε υδατάνθρακες καταγράφηκε στις προνύμφες ποι> δέχτηκαν την επέμβαση για 72 ώρες, ενώ η υψηλότερη στον μάρτυρα τόσο στην αιμολεμφο όσο και στο λιπώδες σώμα, χωρίς να παρατηρείται σημαντική μεταβολή στον μεταξογόνο αδένα. Η ολική περιεκτικότητα σε λιπίδια δεν εμφάνισε αξιοσημείωτη παραλλακτικότητα κατά την εφαρμογή της νεανικής ορμόνης, με εξαίρεση τον μεταξογόνο αδένα σε προνύμφες που δέχτηκαν την επέμβαση για μέχρι 72 ώρες, όπου παρατηρήθηκε μείωση. Το αποτέλεσμα υποδηλώνει ότι η νεανική ορμόνη προκαλεί εξειδικευμένες για κάθε ιστό αντιδράσεις από άποψη μεταβολής της περιεκτικότητας σε κύριους μεταβολίτες, η οποία είναι ανάλογη με τις αντίστοιχες μεταβολές που παρατηρήθηκαν στο βάρος του βομβυκίου και το βάρος του κελύφους του βομβυκίου.A juvenoid. R394 (Ethyl 9-cyclohexyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4-nonadienoate) was applied topically to 5th instar silkworm, Bombyx mori L. larvae (Hybrid: KA x NB4D2) at a dose of 0.039 nl/larva at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, for silk yield improvement. Three major selected tissues viz., posterior silk gland (PSG), haemolymph and fat body were collected from fully-grown larvae and the total protein, total carbohydrate and total lipid contents were estimated following standard procedures. The result indicated that the content of these primary metabolites varied significantly in the selected tissues depending on the time of juvenoid application. The highest protein content was observed in the haemolymph and silk gland in the larvae treated at 72 h whereas the fat body protein content was lowest for the same treatment. The total carbohydrate was recorded lowest in the 72 h treated larvae as against the highest in the control both in haemolymph and fat body with no significant change in PSG. The total lipid content did not show any notable variation in the concentration on juvenoid administration except in the silk gland treated up to 72 h which showed a decline. The results indicate that the juvenoid induces tissue-specific responses in terms of turnover in primary metabolites which commensurates with the corresponding changes observed in the cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight

Influence of Bakuchiol, a JH analogue from Bemchi (Psoralea corylifolia) on Silk Production in Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera)

The influence of a juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), bakuchiol on the silk yield of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. was studied involving two popular commercial hybrids, KA x NB4D2 (bivoltine x bivoltine) and PM x NB4D2 (multivoltine x bivoltine). The compound was administered topically to 5th instars at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h as a single dose. Three-concentration viz., 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 ppm were tested. Economic characters of the larvae and the resultant cocoon traits were measured. The result showed that 1.25 ppm of bakuchiol applied to 48 h old 5th instars was the most favourable treatment for improvement of commercial traits. Cocoon and cocoon shell weight and filament length have increased significantly due to this treatment. The possible role of exogenous JH analogues in eliciting this response in silkworm is discussed. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 7(2) 2003: 31-3

Comparative susceptibility of two Japanese encephalitis vectors from Mysore to six insecticides.

Larval populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and C. fuscocephala from Mysore city were tested for their susceptibility against two pyrethroids viz., cypermethrin and deltamethrin and four organophosphorus (OP) compounds viz., fenthion, fenitrothion, temephos and malathion. The investigations revealed that, among the pesticides tested, efficacy of pyrethroids was very high as compared to OP compounds. C. tritaeniorhynchus was found to be highly tolerant to all the insecticides used. It registered 4.0, 6.5, 17.0, 6.5, 14.0 and 1.5 times more tolerance than C. fuscocephala to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenthion, fenitrothion, temephos and malathion respectively in terms of the LC50 value. Further studies are needed to determine the development of resistance if any, by C. tritaeniorhynchus, an important JE vector in Karnataka

Hormetic influence on silkworm, Bombyx mori L., of the Phytojuvenoid ω-Formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether

The hormetic influence on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) of the juvenile hormone mimic ω-formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether (NL13) was assayed. Emulsions containing 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm of the compound were administered topically as a single dose, to two popular commercial silkworm hybrids, viz. KA x NB 4 D 2 and PM x NB 4 D 2 , at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h into the 5th instar, and economic characters of the larvae and resultant cocoons measured. A medium and absolute control were maintained in parallel. It was found that administration of 5 ppm of NL13 to 48-h-old 5th instars resulted in the maximum improvement in commercial traits. The possible role of exogenous JH-like compounds in eliciting this response in silkworm is discussed. RÉSUMÉ L'influence hormonal du ω-formyl longifene oxime propargyl ether (NL13) imitant l'hormone juvénile a été testée sur le ver à soie, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Des émulsions contenant 2,5, 5,0 et 10,0 ppm du composé ont été administrées au 5ème stade larvaire, en une seule dose, à 24, 48, 72 et 96 h , à deux hybrides couramment commercialisés du ver à soie, viz KA x NB 4 D 2 et PM x NB 4 D 2 . Les caractéristiques économiques des larves et des cocons ont été mesurées. Un témoin moyen et absolu ont été maintenus en parallèle. On a constaté que l'administration de 5 ppm de NL13 à des larves de 5ème stade âgées de 48 h a permis une amélioration maximale des caractéristiques commerciales. Le rôle possible des composés exogènes, homologues de l'hormone juvénile, provoquant cette réponse chez le ver à soie est discuté

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Not AvailableBeing a natural biopolymer having excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, chitosan and its derivatives are extensively used for biomedical, agricultural and other healthcare applications. Chemical modifications made to chitosan can make it more or less toxic and can modulate biodegradation rate. In this study, composite polymeric films of chitosan were made by conventional solvent casting method followed by vacuum drying. In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation were evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of the developed polymeric films in experimental rats. Briefly, the animals were divided into five groups of two animals each, namely, chitosan, chitosan/chondroitin sulfate, CZC chitosan/ zinc acetate/chondroitin sulfate, chitosan/zinc acetate and polypropylene control. Subcutaneous incision of 1 cm2 was made on the dorsal side of rats and the developed films were inserted in respective groups under sterile conditions after giving proper anesthesia. The wounds were sutured and animals were carefully monitored for any adverse pathological changes. No visible signs of tissue damage or inflammation were observed during the evaluation period. Body weight was monitored on weekly basis, and the animals were sacrificed after two months. The implanted material along with the surrounding tissue was excised and evaluated. Gross observation and histopathological evaluation of the excised tissue along with the implanted film showed absence of inflammatory cells and non- toxic nature of the biomaterial in all experimental groups except in polypropylene control. Masson’s trichrome staining exhibited collagen deposition around the implanted material which indicates favorable tissue response and biocompatibility. Better tissue biocompatibility was observed for composite polymeric films compared to bare chitosan film. It was interesting to note that the architecture of implanted chitosan-zinc acetate-Chondroitin sulphate film showed enhanced biodegradation during the course of tissue regeneration.Not Availabl

Role of thyroid hormones in tilapia larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus): II. Changes in the hormones and 5′-monodeiodinase activity during development

10.1007/BF02274229Fish Physiology and Biochemistry95-6487-496FPBI

Hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase activity in teleosts in vitro: A survey of thirty-three species

10.1007/BF00004426Fish Physiology and Biochemistry811-10FPBI