Mathematical model of a two-stage process of laser fragmentation of nitrocompound molecules and subsequent laser-induced fluorescence of characteristic fragments

The paper presents a mathematical model describing the kinetics of the two-stage process of laser fragmentation of vapors of nitrocompounds and subsequent nitric oxide (NO-fragments) laser-induced fluorescence. The use of the developed model in the lidar equation for the case of fluorescent objects allows to calculate the expected value of the lidar signal for a particular nitrocompound on the basis of spectroscopic information about the object of detection, parameters of the radiation propagation medium, and transceiver equipment parameter

Enhancement of the Raman lidar sensitivity using overtones of vibrational-rotational Raman bands of oxygen or nitrogen as the reference signals

Influence of the vibrational-rotational Raman bands of molecules of the main components of the atmosphere (oxygen and nitrogen) on the sensitivity of Raman lidar is considered. A method is proposed of using the first overtones of the vibrational-rotational Raman bands of oxygen and nitrogen molecules as the reference signals for the measurement of low concentrations of chemicals in the atmosphere by the Raman method

The contradiction of the public education reform in the USSR at the end of the 1950s. - early 1960s.

Introduction. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the importance of the Soviet education system in the development of Russian society, despite political, economic and social changes in society. The article analyzes the reasons for the reform of public education in the USSR in the late 1950s – early 1960s, examines the concept of polytechnic training in Soviet secondary schools in the late 1950s, combining schooling with productive labor. The concept of polytechnic training in Soviet secondary schools stimulated the reform of public education. The restructuring of secondary and higher education was designed to play a major role in eliminating the essential difference between physical and mental labor, in creating the conditions necessary for the country's transition to communism.Materials and methods. This study is based on an analysis of documents related to party office work in the 1960s-80s: decrees, resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The methodological basis of the research is a complex of general scientific, special historical methods, as well as the theory of modernization. The retrospective method, evaluating events and phenomena in their historical development, played a big role. A comparative analysis made it possible to compare the documentation of different times in order to establish the qualitative level of the changes taking place in the USSR in the field of education.Results. The article analyzes the problems of the formation of the Soviet polytechnic school. In the conditions of a planned economy, technical schools and vocational schools of the USSR trained specialists primarily for the needs of Soviet industry. The role of public education, the increase in the number of extended-day schools and boarding schools is considered. The inconsistency of the reform of public education in the USSR, which did not bring the expected results, is analyzed. The emphasis on the polytechnic school did not allow the development of the scientific component, interfering with the intellectual development of school students, the education reform led to a deterioration in the quality of the study of basic sciences.Conclusion. The article uses special historical methods: comparative historical, retrospective, chronological. The study was carried out on the basis of a problem-historical analysis taking into account the social conditions of that time

Creating intense polarized electron beam via laser stripping and spin-orbit interaction

The recent advance in laser field make it possible to excite and strip electrons with definite spin from hydrogen atoms. The sources of hydrogen atoms with orders of magnitude higher currents (than that of the conventional polarized electron cathods) can be obtained from H{sup -} sources with good monochromatization. With one electron of H{sup -} stripped by a laser, the remained electron is excited to upper state (2P{sup 3/2} and 2P{sup 1/2}) by a circular polarization laser light from FEL. Then, it is excited to a high quantum number (n=7) with mostly one spin direction due to energy level split of the states with a definite direction of spin and angular momentum in an applied magnetic field and then it is stripped by a strong electric field of an RF cavity. This paper presents combination of lasers and fields to get high polarization and high current electron source

Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress an d Vessels Sclerotic Transformation Initiated by Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate

The microspherical carbonaceous adsorbents SCN and AST-120 for oral use prevent chronic disease progression, delay dialysis initiation, lessen atherosclerosis development in kidney and decreased of overall and cardiovascular mortality. This therapeutic effect is due to the binding of indole by sorbents in large intestine, which is a precursor of indoxyl sulfate (IS). It is considered that IS accelerates the progression of chronical kidney disease (CKD) by inducing a formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes aortic calcification (mineralization). Molecular mechanisms of IS action is unknown. Using density functional theory calculations in the frames of B3LYP exchange and correlation functional (basis set 6-311G) and solvation accounting on the base of polarizable continuum model (PCM) we have studied some chemical transformations of IS and have shown a possibility of indoxyl sulfate and hydroperoxyl radicals formation through the reaction of IS with endogenous singlet oxygen. Due to the high activity indoxyl sulfate radicals initiate uncontrollable processes of oxidative stress (OS) in kidney and vascular tissues that promote a development of CKD. We also proposed a hypothesis, which can explain the role of OS in the accelerated development of sclerosis (vessels mineralization) in patients with renal diseases. In particular it was hypothesized and then supported by B3LYP/6-311G(d) + PCM calculations that sulfonic groups (products of deep oxidation of thiol groups in tissue proteins under OS, induced by IS) can selectively bind of Ca2+ ions and, consequently, forming RSO3Ca+ groups which can fix НРО42ˉ and CO32ˉ anions. The products of anions fixation can then bind of Ca2+ ions, etc. Notably, these processes are, probably, primary starting point in case of sclerotic vessel changes. The beginning of this starting mineralization process most likely is possible with proteins carboxyl groups forming under OS that also can bind Ca2+

Remote detection of traces of high energetic materials

The possibility of remote detection of traces of high energetic materials using laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method is studied. Experimental data on the remote visualization of traces of trinitrotoluene, hexogen, composition B, octogen, and tetryl obtained at a distance of 5 m with a scanning lidar detector of traces of high energetic materials are presented

IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article considers the importance of an effective risk management system in the conditions of uncertainty and instability for Russian companies. It concludeis that it is necessary to implement such a system to improve the management efficiency of a modern organization, using the example of PJSC “Geotek Seismo Razvedka”. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing risk management policy are identified. The authors suggest measures to improve the risk management system for this company. The article proposes to develope (define) the key risk indicators, offers to intensify risk management activities in the field of risk monitoring. To do this, the authors recommend to implement the Omnitracker Risk  Management software product as a system for automating the company’s risk management processes. The advantages of this product are considered, and a schedule for the implementation of Omnitracker Risk Management in PJSC “Geotek Seismo Razvedka”is developed

Some Realization Problems of Rights of Persons with Disabilities to Access to Social Infrastructure Facilities Access

In the article there is analyzed the norm of the Federal Law "On Social protection of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation", devoted to priority of providing disabled persons with spot for building a garage or parking space for vehicles. Here is revealed its declarative nature and problems of implementation as well as a new version of this norm is proposed

Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen (SNH) as a Synthetic Approach Towards Pentafluorophenyl SubstituteD 2himidazoles, 1,2,3-triazoles and its N-oxides

The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation as part of a research project 18-73-00088

Инновационный подход к реконструкции земляного полотна

The article introduces the research in the field of reconstruction and strengthening of the roadbed of railways, the method of calculation and design of dowel-lath structures, reinforcing the surface sloping parts of the subgrade, created with the author’s participation. The rational dowel sizes are defined, innovative technical solutions for the roadbed for construction of the second tracks are offered, using mathematical and physical centrifugal modeling. The laboratory installation and technique of bench tests of reinforcing elements for different types of dowel structures are developed.Статья знакомит с исследованиями в области реконструкции и усиления земляного полотна железных дорог, созданной с участием автора методикой расчётов и проектирования нагельно-сетчатых конструкций, укрепляющих поверхностные откосные части насыпи. Определены рациональные размеры нагелей, предложены инновационные технические решения для земляного полотна под строительство вторых путей, с использованием математического и физического центробежного моделирования. Разработаны лабораторная установка и методика стендовых испытаний армирующих элементов для разных типов нагельных конструкций