Current trends in global demographic processes

Current local and national demographic trends have deepened the existing and formed new global demographic processes that have received a new historical reasoning that requires deep scientific research taking into account the influence of the multifactorial global dimension of the modern society development. The purpose of the article is to study the development of global demographic processes and to define the causes of their occurrence, manifestations, implications and prospects for implementation in the first half of the 21st century. The authors have identified and characterized four global demographic processes, namely population growth, migration, increase of tourism, and change in population structure. It is projected that in the 30’s of the 21st century, the number and growth rates of the world population will reach the objective growth and these dynamics over the next two decades will begin to change in the direction of reducing the growth rates, which will lead to gradual stabilization, and eventually reduce the size of the world population. By the middle of the 21st century, one can observe the preservation of the growth rates of international and domestic migration, the growth of international migration flows from the South to the North and from the East to the West, the strengthening of new economically developed centers of gravity (Canada, Australia and New Zealand), the increase in migration of rural population to cities, as well as urbanization and activation of the metropolises development. The share of international tourists in comparison with the world population will be constantly increasing, and the annual growth rate of the number of international tourists will significantly depend on the world economy and may vary at the several percent level. Permanent change will occur in the age, religious-cultural and socio-economic structure of the population

Morphology of tense in english: view from cognitive linguistics

This paper is an attempt to address morphological category of tense in english in the cognitive perspective by means of showing mechanisms of interaction between the conceptual and linguistic units. The authors demonstrate how semantic changes originate in the conceptual processes exploiting the morphological tense forms to objectivize and represent a broad spectrum of lexico-grammatical categorical senses in the process of communicatio

Morphology of number in English: a cognitive perspective

In this paper the authors address morphology of English number in the cognitive perspective by showing how semantic changes originate in conceptual processes that exploit morphological forms of number to express a vast range of lexico-grammatical senses in the process of communicatio

Directions of Preparation of Future Teachers to the Use of Distance Learning Technologies in Professional Activity (Praxiological Aspect of the Activity Approach)

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the need of preparing future teachers to use distance learning technologies in the professional activities. Introduction in educational process of distance learning technologies contributes to improving the quality of education. Methods. The authors’ technique of preparation of students of pedagogical specialities to work in the information-educational environment is designed on the basis of the analysis and generalisation of numerous scientific publications. Results. The system of training to implementation of the distance learning technologies in the teaching activity is developed and described, consisting of the following directions: realisation within the program of the principal educational program of specialised training courses in variable-based curriculum parts; the organisation of educational and research activity of students with the use of distance learning technologies; classroom-based and extracurricular independent work of students directed to designing of teaching and learning aids and materials on the basis of distance learning technologies; application of elements of distance learning technologies for students’ teaching; attraction of students to formation of corpus of multimedia educational resources of university. The purposes, the content and expected results of each direction are specified. Scientific novelty. The authors point out that concrete scientifically wellfounded methodical recommendations for the future teachers on implementation of distance learning technologies haven’t been presented in the Russian literature till now; despite an abundance of scientifically-information sources of distance learning technologies and sufficiently high-leveled degree knowledge of the issues of its efficiency in educational activity, conditions of introduction of such technologies in high school, construction of models of distance training. Authors of article have tried to close this gap. Practical significance. The authors of the presented study propose and describe task-oriented, stage-by-stage, consistent preparation of the future teachers for an effective usage of distance learning technologies. Such preparation allows teachers to rationalize teaching and training processes, to improve means of monitoring, diagnostics of educational activity; it considerably expands didactic, information, methodical and technological possibilities of pedagogical activity В статье обосновывается необходимость подготовки будущих учителей к использованию в предстоящей профессиональной деятельности дистанционных образовательных технологий (ДОТ), внедрение которых в учебный процесс способствует повышению качества образования. Методы и методики. На основе анализа и обобщения многочисленных научных публикаций создана авторская методика подготовки студентов педагогических специальностей к работе в информационно-образовательной среде. Результаты. Разработана иописана система обучения применению ДОТ в преподавательской деятельности, состоящая из следующих направлений: реализация в рамках основной образовательной программы специализированных учебных курсов в вариативной части учебного плана; организация учебной и научно-исследовательской деятельности студентов с использованием ДОТ; аудиторная и внеаудиторная самостоятельная работа студентов по проектированию учебно-методических материалов на основе ДОТ; применение элементов ДОТ в период педагогической практики; привлечение студентов к формированию фонда мультимедийных образовательных ресурсов университета. Указаны цели, содержание и ожидаемые результаты каждого направления. Научная новизна. Несмотря на обилие научно-информационных источников о ДОТ и достаточно высокую степень изученности вопросов их эффективности в учебной деятельности, условий внедрения этих технологий в вузе, построения моделей дистанционного обучения, конкретных научно обоснованных методических рекомендаций для будущих педагогов по применению ДОТ в отечественной литературе до сих пор нет. Авторы статьи попытались восполнить этот пробел. Практическая значимость. Изложенная в статье целенаправленная, поэтапная, последовательная подготовка будущих педагогов к эффективному использованию ДОТ позволяет рационализировать процессы преподавания и обучения, усовершенствовать средства мониторинга, диагностики образовательной деятельности, значительно расширяет дидактические, информационные, методические и технологические возможности учебного процесса

Quantity interpretation in the english language

The present paper deals with the issues pertaining to the role of language in the quantity inter-pretation process in modern Englis

PRAXIOCENTRALISM IN THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF THE TEACHER (Continuation of the article)

Introduction. The main objective of the professional standard, systematizing the work function of a teacher, is to describe not personal qualities of teachers but the process and outcome of their activities. The logic of the development of the professional standard involves the analysis of teaching activities and evaluation of its results, which should possess the properties of measurability and diagnosability.The aim of the present publication is to identify praxiological foundations of the professional standard of the teacher via a comparative analysis of the requirementsand fundamental concepts of praxeology – a General theory of successful activities developed by domestic and foreign authors and reflected in monographic and dissertation researches.Methodology and methods of research. Methodological basis of research is the ideas of system, activity and praxiological approaches. Results. The authors prove that pedagogical praxeology as the science and practice of effective organization of pedagogical activity is a new mechanism to describe the characteristics of pedagogical activity and formation of complex of professional portrait of the teacher. Pedagogical praxeology as the mechanism: establishes the framework of competences of the teacher; defines the requirements for structured content, conditions and quality of work of the teacher, their qualifications and competences in the field of professional activity; provides the necessary compliance awareness of teacher’s requirements; describes methods of assessing the development of competencies of teachers; promotes the involvement of the teacher in the task of improving the quality of education; serves as the basis for constructing a continuous trajectory of increasing level of professional training of each teacher.Scientific novelty. The content of professional standards from the standpoint of the praxiological approach is investigated; conceptual ideas of praxeology, defining role and position of praxiocentralism in the professional standard are highlighted; criteria and indicators of an estimation of labour activity of the teacher from the point of view of its efficiency and effectiveness are given.Practical significance. This study contributes to the solution of theoretical and practical problems of correlation existing Federal educational state standards (FESS) and professional standards. This is especially important due to the possibility of subsequent approval and implementation into the pedagogical practices of the next generation of FESS developed on the basis of professional standards

Prerequisites for the digital transformation of the Russian education system

Abstract: The authors note the tendency of digital transformation of different spheres of human activity. Many scientific studies describe the results of the digital transformation of education, characterize ways of adapting teachers and students to the conditions of the new digital environment and consider the formation of digital competencies of teachers and digital literacy of students. At the same time, scientists do not consider the reasons that actualize digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to identify external and internal factors that determine the digital transformation of the Russian education system at the present stage of development of society. The authors are building a causal relationship model of the digital transformation of the education system. The authors choose the principles of a systematic approach as the methodological basis of the study. They consider the digital transformation of education as a system of transformations that have a complex transformative effect. This impact is based on taking into account the diversity of interconnections between the components of the education system. The authors substantiate the nature of digital transformation as a large-scale transformation, as a process of implementing digital technologies, as an improvement in the quality of the results of the educational process. The authors consider the factors and results of digital transformation in various projections. In accordance with the ideas of a systematic approach, the authors describe the essence of digital transformation in the form of a causal relationship model of the digital transformation of the education system. The causal relationship model of the digital transformation of education allows us to systematically see the development trends of Russian education and in the future to develop the right strategies to improve its quality and competitiveness. The use of digital technologies in the educational process provides a rational assessment of their need for solving specific educational problems. The main role of digital technologies consists in technological improvement of the educational process, expansion of the didactic capabilities of the teacher, activation and motivation of personal interaction between the teacher and students

Adolescent in social networks: on the issue of social psychological well-being

Background. Digital technologies have long become an integral part of everyday life. Internet and Social Networking Sites (SNS) are considered to be one of the socialization institutions along with traditional school and family. Objective. The research is concerned with studying the peculiarities of teenagers’ social psychological well-being when using SNS. The analysis aims at revealing the impact of demographic, social stratifying and social psychological factors on the type of adolescent self-performance at SNS, their attitude towards regulations of interaction at SNS, their concern about potential risks and also opinions about the effects of SNS socialization on their personality. Design. The paper is based on the results of 2074 school-aged adolescent survey conducted in 2016 in Moscow region, Russia. Results. According to the survey, the adolescent well-being when using SNS depends on the type of their self-presentation. The data showed that affective significance of social networking for adolescents who seek the attention of the strangers produces a negative impact on their emotional well-being: those who refer to their SNS profile as “provocative” are more likely to feel the “addiction to virtual interaction and other’s opinions” – 17.4% (mean 7.1%; p≤ .0004), being disturbed by “more popular profiles” – 21,7% (mean 4.2%; p≤ .00001). Conclusion. The survey showed that nowadays adolescents deem the SNS as the most important communicative field where the fundamental age-related changes take plaare foundce. The tendency to expand social contacts by means of virtual communication was found to produce negative impact on adolescent personal development and social interaction in real life

PRAXIOCENTRALISM IN THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF THE TEACHER

Introduction. The main objective of the professional standard, systematizing the work function of a teacher, is to describe not personal qualities of teachers but the process and outcome of their activities. The logic of the development of the professional standard involves the analysis of teaching activities and evaluation of its results, which should possess the properties of measurability and diagnosability. The aim of the present publication is to identify praxiological foundations of the professional standard of the teacher via a comparative analysis of the requirements and fundamental concepts of praxeology – a General theory of successful activities developed by domestic and foreign authors and reflected in monographic and dissertation researches.Methodology and methods of research. Methodological basis of research is the ideas of system, activity and praxiological approaches. Results. The authors prove that pedagogical praxeology as the science and practice of effective organization of pedagogical activity is a new mechanism to describe the characteristics of pedagogical activity and formation of complex of professional portrait of the teacher. Pedagogical praxeology as the mechanism: establishes the framework of competences of the teacher; defines the requirements for structured content, conditions and quality of work of the teacher, their qualifications and competences in the field of professional activity; provides the necessary compliance awareness of teacher’s requirements; describes methods of assessing the development of competencies of teachers; promotes the involvement of the teacher in the task of improving the quality of education; serves as the basis for constructing a continuous trajectory of increasing level of professional training of each teacher.Scientific novelty. The content of professional standards from the standpoint of the praxiological approach is investigated; conceptual ideas of praxeology, defining role and position of praxiocentralism in the professional standard are highlighted; criteria and indicators of an estimation of labour activity of the teacher from the point of view of its efficiency and effectiveness are given. Practical significance. This study contributes to the solution of theoretical and practical problems of correlation existing Federal educational state standards (FESS) and professional standards. This is especially important due to the possibility of subsequent approval and implementation into the pedagogical practices of the next generation of FESS developed on the basis of professional standards. Введение. Основная задача профессионального стандарта, систематизирующего трудовые функции педагога, состоит в описании не личностных качеств педагога, а процесса и результата его деятельности. Логика разработки профессионального стандарта предполагает анализ педагогической деятельности и оценивание ее результатов, которые должны обладать свойствами измеряемости и диагностируемости.Цель изложенного в статье исследования заключается в выявлении праксиологических основ профессионального стандарта педагога посредством сопоставительного анализа его требований и фундаментальных идей праксиологии – общей теории успешной деятельности, разрабатываемой отечественными и зарубежными авторами и отраженной в монографических и диссертационных исследованиях.Методология. Методологическую основу исследования составляют идеи системного, деятельностного и праксиологического подходов. Результаты. Доказано, что педагогическая праксиология как наука и практика эффективной организации педагогической деятельности является новым действенным механизмом описания характеристик педагогической деятельности, формирования комплексного профессионального портрета педагога. Праксиология устанавливает рамки его компетенций, определяет структурированные требования к содержанию, условиям и качеству труда, квалификации и компетенциям в области профессиональной деятельности, обеспечивает необходимое соответствие осведомленности педагога предъявляемым к нему требованиям, характеризует способы оценки освоения компетенций учителей, способствует вовлечению педагога в решение задачи повышения качества образования, служит основой для выстраивания непрерывной траектории повышения уровня профессиональной подготовки каждого педагога. Научная новизна. Исследовано содержание профессионального стандарта с позиций праксиологического подхода, выделены концептуальные идеи праксиологии, определяющие место и роль праксиоцентризма в профессиональном стандарте, предложены критерии и показатели оценки трудовой деятельности педагога с точки зрения ее эффективности и результативности. Практическая значимость. Проведенное исследование вносит вклад в решение теоретических и практических проблем соотнесения существующих федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов (ФГОС) и профессиональных стандартов. Это особенно важно для утверждения и внедрения в педагогическую практику следующего поколения ФГОС, разрабатываемых на основе профессиональных стандартов.

Improvement of Methodical Maintenance of Professional Training of Masters in Direction “Land Management and Cadastres” in Field of Land Resources Management

Relevance of the work is caused by the need of professional training of masters of land management and cadastres for activity in management of land resources and real estate objects. The attention is focused on the obligation to comply with the requirements of the Federal state educational standard for the implementation of the content of educational programmes of master’s training in the electronic information and educational environment, including programmes with the use of distance learning technologies. The didactic possibilities of electronic educational resources of distance learning systems as modern multimedia and interactive means of teaching master students are characterized. The conclusion is made about possibility of improvement of methodical training of masters in “Land management and cadastres” in the field of land administration through the establishment and implementation into the pedagogical practice of an electronic educational resource of the same name. The main requirements imposed to electronic educational resources are marked: availability of methodical recommendations and thematic planning of a course; use of multimedia and interactive format of representation of electronic content of a training course; convenience of navigation on a resource; the organized feedback with the teacher; open system of estimation and control of educational activity of the trained. The results of the creation of an electronic educational resource for masters of the direction “Land management and cadastres” on the course “Management of land resources and real estate” are demonstrated. The conclusion about the prevailing positive characteristics of e-learning resources is made. The question of the need for special training and motivation of teachers to create electronic educational resources and their placing on the platform of distance learning is raised