Laparoscopic ovum pick-up in spotted paca ( Cuniculus pacas )

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is study the laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LapOPU) technique in spotted paca, describing surgery details, complications and oocyte recovery rate. Nine healthy adult non-pregnant captive females were used, in a total of 39 procedures. When the surgical plane of anaesthesia was achieved, the females were positioned at 20º Trendelenburg. Three 6mm trocars were placed on right and left inguinal and hypogastric regions. Abdomen was inflated with CO2 and the intra-abdominal pressure was stablished in 10mmHg. Follicular punctures were performed moving the ovaries with atraumatic forceps. For punctures, an 18-gauge 3.5 inch long needle attached to a vacuum system with pressure not exceeding 65mmHg was used. Oocytes were recovered into 50mL centrifuge tubes with media composed of PBS supplemented with 10 IU/mL of heparin and kept at 36°C. R Software was used for statistical analysis. Data normality distribution (Shapiro test) and variances homoscedasticity (Bartlett test) were tested and descriptive statistics (mean±SD) was used to present the results. It was only possible to perform LapOPU in 30 of 39 laparoscopies (76.92%). The surgical total time was 37.34 ± 18.53 minutes. The total number of visualized follicles, aspirated follicles, and retrieved oocytes were 502, 415, and 155, respectively. And the same parameters per animal were: 14.34 ± 12.23, 11.86 ± 10.03, and 4.43 ± 4.69 respectively. Oocyte recovery rate was 32.56 ± 27.32%. In conclusion, caudal positioning of portals with slight triangulation allows good viewing of the abdominal cavity and eases the manipulation of the ovaries. Thus this described LapOPU technique is feasible in spotted paca and easy to perform

Distribution of cortical granules and meiotic maturation of canine oocytes in bi-phasic systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different bi-phasic systems with gonadotrophins and steroids on in vitro maturation rates of oocytes obtained from bitches at different reproductive stages (follicular, luteal, anoestrous). In System A (control) oocytes were matured for 72h in base medium (BM) with 10IUmL-1 human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), 1?gmL-1 progesterone (P4) and 1?gmL-1 oestradiol (E2); in bi-phasic System B oocytes were matured for 48h in BM with hCG and for 24h in BM with P4; in bi-phasic System C oocytes were matured for 48h in BM with hCG, P4 and E2, and for 24h in BM with P4; in System D, oocytes were cultured in BM without hormonal supplementation. Data were analysed by ANOVA. There was a positive effect of the bi-phasic systems on germinal vesicle breakdown, metaphase I and metaphase II rates, irrespective of reproductive status (PP<0.001). The stage of the oestrous cycle did not influence maturation rates

Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches

Summary Background: mastectomy in bitches is a critical surgery and pain control can be challenging. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia with methadone (MET) or tramadol (TRA) in postoperative pain management, cardiorespiratory effects, and anaesthetic/analgesic consumption in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and mastectomy. Methods: a prospective randomized blind clinical trial was used to evaluate 48 bitches of various breeds, aged 10±3.7 years, weighing 16±12 kg, and with multiple mammary tumours. The animals were distributed in two groups: TRA group received 5 mg/kg tramadol and MET group 0.5 mg/kg methadone intramuscularly, 10 minutes prior to anaesthesia induction with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates, mean arterial pressure (MAP), propofol induction dose (PID), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration (EtISO), and carbon dioxide pressure (EtCO2) were measured during the intra-operative period. Post-operative pain was evaluated for 12 hours and rated according to the Melbourne pain scale. Rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg methadone, 2 mg/kg lidocaine, or 0.01 mg/kg/min ketamine IV) was given when necessary and post-operative analgesic consumption recorded. Statistical tests were used to compare treatments. Results: rescue analgesia requirements, pain score, PID and analgesic consumption were significantly lower (p<0.05) in MET group. The HR was higher in TRA group, while EtCO2 and MAP were higher in MET group (p<0.05). Conclusions: methadone was more effective than tramadol in pre-emptive analgesia but not completely adequate on controlling pain in bitches subjected to unilateral mastectomy and OVH. MET led to lower cardiovascular depression and lower propofol dose required for anesthesia induction. However, methadone increased EtCO2 and thus special care with patient ventilation is advised.Resumo Introdução: a mastectomia em cadelas é um procedimento severamente álgido e o controle da dor é um desafio. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preventiva com metadona ou tramadol sob dor pós-operatória, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e consumo anestésico em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia e mastectomia. Métodos: ensaio clínico prospectivo cego randomizado em 48 cadelas, de diferentes raças, idade 10 ± 3,7 anos, peso 16 ± 12 kg com tumores mamários múltiplos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo TRA, tramadol 5 mg/kg e grupo MET, metadona 0,5 mg/kg por via intramuscular, administrados 10 minutos antes da indução anestésica com propofol e manutenção com isofluorano. As variáveis mensuradas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (fR), pressão arterial média (PAM), dose de indução propofol (PID), saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentração de isofluorano (EtISO) e pressão de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) ao final da expiração. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada durante 12 horas (Escala Melbourne). A necessidade de resgate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, ou cetamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) analgésico e o consumo pós-operatório de analgésicos foram registrados. Testes estatísticos foram utilizados para comparar os tratamentos. Resultados: a necessidade de resgate analgésico, escore de dor, PID e o consumo de analgésicos foram menores (p<0,05) no grupo MET. A FC maior no grupo TRA, enquanto EtCO2 e PAM maiores no grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusões: a administração preventiva de metadona foi mais eficaz, mas não totalmente adequada para o controle da dor pós-operatória do que o tramadol, promovendo redução na depressão cardiovascular e o requerimento de propofol para indução da anestesia. No entanto, a metadona aumentou a EtCO2, recomendando cuidado especial com a ventilação dos pacientes.Resumen Fundamento: la mastectomia en perras es un procedimiento severamente álgido y el control del dolor es un desafío. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento analgésico preventivo con metadona (MET) o tramadol (TRA) sobre el dolor postoperatorio, parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y consumo de anestésicos en perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía (OVH) y mastectomía. Métodos: ensayo clínico prospectivo aleatorizado ciego en 48 perras de diversas razas, edad 10±3,7, peso corporal 16±12 kg y con múltiples tumores mamarios. Los animales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: el grupo TRA recibió 5 mg/kg de tramadol y el grupo MET 0,5 mg/kg de metadona por vía intramuscular 10 minutos antes de inducir anestesia con propofol seguido de mantenimiento con isofluorano. Las variables evaluadas fueron: frecuencia cardíaca (HR), respiratoria (RR), presión arterial media (MAP), dosis de inducción con propofol (PID), saturación de oxihemoglobina (SpO2), concentración de isofluorano (EtISO) y presión de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) medidos durante el proceso intra-operativo. El dolor postoperatorio fue evaluado de acuerdo con la escala Melbourne durante 12 horas. Analgesia de rescate (metadona 0.5 mg/kg, lidocaína 2 mg/kg, o ketamina 0.01 mg/kg/min IV) se suministró cuando se consideró necesario, y se registró el consumo de analgésico posterior a la cirugia. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para comparar los tratamientos. Resultados: los requerimientos de rescate analgésico, intensidad del dolor, PID y consumo analgésico fueron significativamente menores (p<0,05) en el grupo MET. La HR fue mayor en el grupo TRA, mientras que EtCO2 y MAP fueron mayores en el grupo MET (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la administración preventiva de MET es más eficaz que el tramadol, pero no completamente adecuada para el control del dolor posoperatorio en perras sometidas a mastectomia unilateral y OVH. MET promueve menor depresión cardiovascular y requerimiento de propofol para inducción anestésica. Sin embargo, dado que MET incrementa la EtCO2, se recomienda cuidado especial con la ventilación de estos pacientes