9,848 research outputs found
Uncertainties in the Magnetic Field of the Milky Way
We improve on the model of the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF) from Jansson \&
Farrar (2012), which was constrained using all-sky rotation measures of
extragalactic sources and polarized and unpolarized synchrotron emission data
from WMAP. We have developed several alternative functional forms for the
coherent and random components, used newer synchrotron products from Planck and
WMAP and testes new models of the densities of thermal electrons and cosmic-ray
electrons. The differences in the resultant GMF models, depending on which
parameterization of the field, synchrotron product and electron densities are
used, provides a measure of the uncertainty in our inference of the GMF. We
discuss the impact of these uncertainties on charged-particle astronomy at
ultra-high energies.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 35th
International Cosmic Ray Conference 10-20 July, 2017 Bexco, Busan, Kore
Legitimating inaction : differing identity constructions of the Scots language.
The Scots language plays a key role in the political and cultural landscape of contemporary Scotland. From a discourse-historical perspective, this article explores how language ideologies about the Scots language are realized linguistically in a so-called âlanguages strategyâ drafted by the Scottish Executive, and in focus groups consisting of Scottish people. This article shows that although the decline of Scots is said to be a âtragedyâ, focus group participants seem to reject the notion of Scots as a viable, contemporary language that can be used across a wide range of registers. The policy document also seems to construct Scots in very positive terms, but is shown to be unhelpful or potentially even damaging in the process of changing public attitudes to Scots
Refraction of shear zones in granular materials
We study strain localization in slow shear flow focusing on layered granular
materials. A heretofore unknown effect is presented here. We show that shear
zones are refracted at material interfaces in analogy with refraction of light
beams in optics. This phenomenon can be obtained as a consequence of a recent
variational model of shear zones. The predictions of the model are tested and
confirmed by 3D discrete element simulations. We found that shear zones follow
Snell's law of light refraction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, jounal ref. adde
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