Escola de fotografia de Curitiba

Orientador: José La Pastina FilhoMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Curso de Graduação em Arquitetura e UrbanismoBibliografia: f. 78-79Resumo : A pesquisa apresentada a seguir visa os embasamentos técnico, histórico e teórico para o desenvolvimento de um projeto arquitetônico de uma escola de fotografia em Curitiba, Paraná. Tal proposta alia- se à opção pela reciclagem de edifício, de modo a utilizar um espaço preexistente na cidade e contribuir para a revalorização da área onde se situa. Assim sendo, a pesquisa inicialmente contextualiza o tema "fotografia" no tempo e espaço em questão, juntamente com uma breve introdução sobre a importância da preservação do patrimônio histórico através da intervenção arquitetônica em edifícios antigos. Em seguida, os estudos de caso apresentados contribuem para a delimitação dos objetivos do projeto, agregando novas possibilidades e idéias para o desenvolvimento deste. Após a familiarização com o tema, a pesquisa é concluída com a definição dos objetivos e programa do projeto a ser realizado, bem como sua organização básica (organograma e setorização), escolha e análise do espaço a ser ocupadoAbstract : The presented research aims at the technical, historical and theoretical foundations for the development of an architectural project of a school of photography in Curitiba, Paraná. Such a proposal chooses the option for the recycling of building, as a way to use a preexistent space in the city and to contribute to the valorization of the area where it is situated. So being, the inquiry initially contextualize the subject "photography" in the time and space open to question, together with a short introduction on the importance of the preservation of the historical inheritance through the architectural intervention in ancient buildings. Next, the presented case studies contribute to the delimitation of the objectives of the project, collecting new means and ideas for the development of this.After the familiarization with the subject, the inquiry is ended by the definition of the objectiv es of the project to be carried out, as well as its basic organization (organization chart and flow chart), choice and analysis of the space to be occupie

Echovirus 7 Entry into Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells Requires Clathrin and Rab7

Enteroviruses invade the host by crossing the intestinal mucosa, which is lined by polarized epithelium. A number of enteroviruses, including echoviruses (EV) and group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), initiate infection by attaching to decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a molecule that is highly expressed on the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. We previously observed that entry of DAF-binding CVB3 into polarized intestinal epithelial cells occurs by an unusual endocytic mechanism that requires caveolin but does not involve clathrin or dynamin. Here we examined the entry of a DAF-binding echovirus, EV7. We found that drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and dominant negative mutants that target factors required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, including clathrin and dynamin, inhibited both EV7 infection and internalization of virions from the cell surface. Once virus had entered the cell, it colocalized with markers of early endosomes (EEA1) and then late endosomes (LAMP-2). Inhibition of endosomal maturation—with siRNAs or dominant negative mutants targeting Rab5 and Rab7—inhibited infection and prevented release of viral RNA into the cell. These results indicate that EV7 is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and then moves to early and late endosomes before releasing its RNA. Trafficking through endosomes is known to be important for viruses that depend on low pH or endosomal cathepsin proteases to complete the entry process. However, we found that EV7 infection required neither low pH nor cathepsins

Mycorrhizal generalist with wood-decay fungi

The climbing orchid Erythrorchis altissima is the largest mycoheterotroph in the world. Although previous in vitro work suggests that E. altissima has a unique symbiosis with wood-decaying fungi, little is known about how this giant orchid meets its carbon and nutrient demands exclusively via mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, the mycorrhizal fungi of E. altissima were molecularly identified using root samples from 26 individuals. Furthermore, in vitro symbiotic germination with five fungi and stable isotope compositions in five E. altissima at one site were examined. In total, 37 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to nine orders in Basidiomycota were identified from the orchid roots. Most of the fungal OTUs were wood-decaying fungi, but underground roots had ectomycorrhizal Russula. Two fungal isolates from mycorrhizal roots induced seed germination and subsequent seedling development in vitro. Measurement of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope abundances revealed that E. altissima is a full mycoheterotroph whose carbon originates mainly from wood-decaying fungi. All of the results show that E. altissima is associated with a wide range of wood- and soil-inhabiting fungi, the majority of which are wood-decaying taxa. This generalist association enables E. altissima to access a large carbon pool in woody debris and has been key to the evolution of such a large mycoheterotroph