An Analytical Study of Library & Information Sciences Journals Published in Pakistan

This descriptive study was conducted in Pakistan in February 2021. The main objective was to identify and discuss the various aspects of the research journals of Library & Information Sciences (LIS) published form Pakistan till date. Documentary analysis was made for acquiring the basic and desired information about these journals. The scrutiny of the available record revealed that seven LIS journals are being published in Pakistan. Out of seven, three were Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized. Two LIS journals are charging publication fee from authors. Five journals were started publishing in last decade by LIS schools or organizations working for LIS professionals in Pakistan. Amazing is to note that none of the Journals has Impact Factor and the oldest journal Pakistan Library Information Science Journal (PLISJ) has been de recognized after journey of 52 years. The LIS community of Pakistan needs to improve the quality of research journals to meet the international standards in the field of Library & Information Studies

Characteristic Assessment of Advancement in Duties of Librarians and Function of Libraries in Data Science Era

Data sciences usually involve data management, its utilization, distribution as well as its re-utilization. All these components need to be focused while targeting data science. Thus data puts a significant burden on research institutes because it is the authority that decides the responsible for the whole course of the procedure. It is of prime importance for data science librarians serving in data-centric age to know regarding LIS principles, theories, and other related skills that are mandatory for management and support of data science. This paper sums up the reviews of researchers regarding the data science era. Moreover, this paper includes diagnostic assessment of data science environment concerning recent advancements in data science and progress in duties of librarians, presentation of detailed data, the function of data science libraries as well as librarians concerning data users. It is supposed to be an exciting era to work in a library as its role is expanding with specific new challenges. It is the need of the current period to educate librarians, library science researchers, and students regarding understanding, utility, and management of data to meet the requirements of data science librarians

IMPACT OF WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT ON PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Goals of this study were to know the effect of library’s work environment for job performance of librarians and existence of any relationship between work environment and job performance of librarians. A quantitative study design was carried out to explore phenomenon through the librarian’s perceptions, delights and choices about their administrative center surroundings. Survey method was used in this study. The target population of this study was Librarians of HEC recognized Public and Private Universities of Lahore City. The structured questionnaire was used for data collection from respondents. There had been a hundred and twenty questionnaires dispensed among librarians, the researcher became succeeded in receiving ninety-six questionnaires from members. The reaction rate was 80 percent. Descriptive statistics were utilized for description of information such as frequencies, mean scores and standard deviation. Regression analysis has been performed to measure the impact of workplace environment on the job performance. Findings of the study show that there is the shortage of calm environment to the employees. Job descriptions are not clearly designed. No proper training opportunities are provided to the workers. Employees are not properly motivated. Findings of the study may prove useful in providing a congenial environment to the employees so that performance may be improved

ACCESSIBILITY AND USABILITY OF INTERNET AMONG POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINEES OF POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE (PGMI) PESHAWAR

This study is quantitative in nature. It is conducted to determine the approach of Postgraduate Medical Trainees towards internet use. This study is carried out at Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The main theme of this piece of document was to examine the purpose, location of internet usage by Postgraduate Medical Trainees along with the Problems being faced during the browsing of internet. This study will also try to know the satisfaction level of these medical trainees. Data was collected through questionnaires. A total of 235 copies of questionnaires were distributed, out of which 231 copies were received with response rate of 98.29%. The findings of the study revealed that most of the trainees use the internet for entertainment purposes followed by enhancement of knowledge. Slow internet speed and lack of access to certain websites are the major obstacles to the use of internet. Training and orientation sessions, hands-on practice on online searching techniques, use of HEC digital library and provision of high bandwidth fiber optics internet are the tools with the help of which potential internet usage can be promoted and developed

Library and Information Services Move Quickly Online in the COVID-19 Pandemics: A Mixed-Method Approach

Information professionals such as librarians are rapidly moving to streamline the resources and services related to Covid-19 for healthcare professionals and the general public through online and virtual services. The study attempts to assess library and information services delivery status and the role of librarians in service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopted an embedded approach of mixed-method design to conduct the study. We assessed the academic libraries\u27 websites of the top five affected countries by a coronavirus to determine the ways of service delivery and evaluate the role of LIS professionals towards library & information service delivery in the COVID-19 scenario. Libraries may assume a significant job responsibility in giving trustworthy services in the Covid-19 pandemics. The results concluded that due to lock-down, librarians are following work from home policy and providing their services through online and virtual ways

High Performance Antenna System in MIMO Configuration for 5G Wireless Communications Over Sub-6 GHz Spectrum

This paper presents a high-performance multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna comprising 2 x 2 configuration of radiating elements that is designed for sub-6 GHz applications. The proposed MIMO antenna employs four identical radiating elements. High isolation between the radiating elements and therefore reduced mutual coupling is achieved by spatially arranging the radiating elements in an orthogonal configuration. Also, a novel frequency selective surface (FSS) was employed to increase the gain of the MIMO antenna over a wide bandwidth from 3 to 6 GHz. This was achieved by locating the FSS above the antenna at a certain height. The FSS essentially enhanced the antenna's directivity, reduced back lobe radiation and mutual coupling. The antenna was fabricated on a standard Rogers RT Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with a 0.8 mm thickness. The overall dimension of the MIMO antenna is 50 x 50 x 12.5 mm(3) and it operates from 3.8 to 6 GHz, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 41%. The proposed MIMO antenna has a measured peak gain of 4.8 dBi and inter radiation element isolation >20 dB. Its envelope correlation coefficient is <0.1 and diversity gain >9.9 (dB). These characteristics make the proposed MIMO antenna system suitable for 5G communication systems

Derogation of Human Rights under the Covenant and their Suspension during Emergency and Civil Martial Law, in India and Pakistan

Human rights are so fundamental and inalienable that they can-not be denied to any human being on any ground. Moreover, they are always available to everyone at all times. Few are available to citizens only, and few are subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law. In addition, they are not available when life of a nation is jeopardized, particularly, in exceptional circumstances of an emergency or Civil Martial Law. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 as well provides human rights both in normal and abnormal situations of a State. It permits to derogate their availability. Not only the Covenant permitted derogation of human rights, in exceptional cases but the Constitutions of India and Pakistan also authorized the governments to suspend them, during the promulgation of emergencies. However, right to life was saved from the clutches of a Government, during a constitutional emergency, after 44th Amendment in the Indian Constitution. Similarly, its protection, under Article 4 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, compelled the Government to keep its hands off to suspend it during the promulgation of an emergency. Now, both in the Constitutions of India and Pakistan, it is immunized from suspension, during an emergency or Civil Martial Law, nevertheless, the protection is by two different legal schemes.&nbsp

Heavy metals and inorganic constituents in medicinal plants of selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

Heavy metals such as Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu and Cd, and inorganic ions like HCO3-, CO32-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, Na+, SO42-, NO3-, Fe2+ and F- were investigated in medicinally important plants: Taraxacam officinale, Cichorium intybus and Figonia critica, applying atomic absorption spectrophotometer techniques. In the studied herbs, there were variable amounts of heavy metals and inorganic ions. The purpose of this study was to standardize heavy metals contamination in various indigenous medicinal plants and to create awareness among the public regarding its safe use at collection areas (containing high level of heavy metals) and their adverse health effects.Key words: Medicinal plants, inorganic constituents, heavy metals, atomic absorption spectrophotometer

Attainment of Volume Conservative Ability in Primary School Children (A Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan)

The purpose of this stud was to investigate the volume conservation ability among children of different grades at primary level in Pakistan. The study focused on Piaget’s concept of Volume Conservation and investigated whether the children have the ability to understand the concept or not. Analysis of the responses to the tasks on conservation shows the description of cognitive functioning of children’s mind. If the child is the central character of educational process, this description plays important role in developing early education for the child in primary schools. There was also sufficient ground to conclude that present findings does not indicate that cognitive abilities of KPK (Khyber Pakhtun Khwa) children are in anyway inferior to children anywhere else. The only thing, which KPK (Khyber Pakhtun Khwa) children are lacking, is educational activities suitable to their level of cognitive development

Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

© Author(s) 2014. This study investigated differences in the magnitude and partitioning of the carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in an age sequence of four white pine (Pinus strobus L.) afforestation stands (7, 20, 35 and 70 years old as of 2009) in southern Ontario, Canada. The 4-year (2004-2008) mean annual carbon dioxide (CO2) exchanges, based on biometric and eddy covariance data, were combined with the 2-year means of static chamber measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes (2006-2007) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export below 1 m soil depth (2004-2005). The total ecosystem C pool increased with age from 46 to 197 t C ha-1 across the four stands. Rates of organic matter cycling (i.e. litterfall and decomposition) were similar among the three older stands. In contrast, considerable differences related to stand age and site quality were observed in the magnitude and partitioning of individual CO2 fluxes, showing a peak in production and respiration rates in the middle-age (20-year-old) stand growing on fertile post-agricultural soil. The DOC export accounted for 10% of net ecosystem production (NEP) at the 7-year-old stand but <2% at the three older stands. The GHG balance from the combined exchanges of CO2, CH4 and N2O was 2.6, 21.6, 13.5 and 4.8 t CO2 equivalent ha-1 yearg-1 for the 7-, 20-, 35- and 70-year-old stands, respectively. The maximum annual contribution from the combined exchanges of CH4 and N2O to the GHG balance was 13 and 8% in the 7- and 70-year-old stands, respectively, but <1% in the two highly productive middle-age (20- and 35-year-old) stands. Averaged over the entire age sequence, the CO2 exchange was the main driver of the GHG balance in these forests. The cumulative CO2 sequestration over the 70 years was estimated at 129 t C and 297 t C ha-1 yearg-1 for stands growing on low- and high-productivity sites, respectively. This study highlights the importance of accounting for age and site quality effects on forest C and GHG balances. It further demonstrates a large potential for net C sequestration and climate benefits gained through afforestation of marginal agricultural and fallow lands in temperate regions