IT Ethics: Undergraduates’ PerceptionBased on their Awareness

Vide acceptance and use of computer and information technology in universities demanded the researchers and teachers to train their students to use these resources ethically. In the universities of Pakistan, computer and IT related courses have recently been included as compulsory subjects. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the perceptions about ethical use of information technology (IT) by the undergraduate students from four different public and private sector universities. A questionnaire was designed in which different computer and internet related activities were given and students were required to respond in terms of Right, Wrong and Neither Right Nor Wrong. Total 542 students participated in the study and the results were interpreted on the bases of their demographic information. It was concluded that majority of the students were not previously trained and have no knowledge about computer or IT ethics. It was found that female students, students from public sector universities, from different departments of computing and IT and from the disciplines of pure sciences were perceptually more positive regarding the ethical use of IT resources. Minimal differences were found across the responses of students who have IT training certificates and prior knowledge of IT ethics. This suggests that computer ethics awareness training is needed for university students. Keywords: Computer ethics, IT ethics, Undergraduate Students, Education, Sciences vs Social Sciences, Male vs Female, Public-sector vs Private-sector universities.

Assessment of Clinicopathological Status and Outcome of Children with Tuberculous Meningitis at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: The aim of this study is to report the clinic-pathological profile of children with TBM and their treatment outcome. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Pediatrics Department over 6 months period. Medical records of children admitted with TBM from November 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed for data collection. Data regarding clinical presentation, laboratory investigations were recorded. Patients were treated with a standard ATT regimen, and their outcome was noted. The study was approved by hospital ethics committee. Data was entered in SPSS for statistical analysis. Results: Females were predominant 39 (55.7%) and age ranged from 4 months to 13 years in this study. Only 28 (42.0%) children were fully vaccinated and had BCG scar presence. Most TBM cases were of stage II 24 (42.8%) or stage III 29 (42.8%). The frequent symptoms were fever 61 (87.1%), rigidity/irritability 35 (50.0%), and seizures 26 (37.1%). WBCs count in CSF was found below 500 in 64 (91.4%) children. There were 55 (78.5%) children with lymphocytosis and 14 (20.0%) with polymorph nuclear cells. A CT scan was suggestive of TBM in 51 (72.8%) children. Only 21 (30.0%) cases had a complete recovery whereas 17 (24.2%) recovered with sequelae and 10 (14.2%) deaths were noted. Conclusion: TBM presents with a poor clinical and pathological state in the advanced stage of the disease, and the therapy outcome is also non-satisfactory with high mortality and sequelae posing constant challenges

Soil Carbon Sequestration through Agronomic Management Practices

Improper soil and crop management practices have resulted in loss of soil carbon. Worldwide, about 1417 Pg of soil carbon is stored in first meter soil depth, while 456-Pg soil carbon is stored in above–below ground vegetation and dead organic matter. Healthy soils can be helpful in combating the climate change because soils having high organic matter can have higher CO2 sequestration potential. Main agronomic practices responsible for soil carbon loss include improper tillage operations, crop rotations, residue management, fertilization, and similarly no or less use of organic fertilizers that have resulted in the loss of soil organic matter in the form of CO2. The share of agriculture sector in the entire emissions of global GHGs in the form of CO2, N2O, and CH4 is about 25–30%. Studies have shown that by adapting proper tillage operations, the use of such kind of crop rotations that can improve soil organic matter and similarly the application of organic fertilizers, i.e., FYM, compost, and other organic amendments such as humic acid, vermicompost, etc., can be useful in soil carbon sequestration

IMPACTS OF ATTABAD LAKE (PAKISTAN) AND ITS FUTURE OUTLOOK

Due to geological, hydrological and anthropogenic variations in Northern Areas of Pakistan, the possibility of hazards like earthquake, flash floods, landslide and Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) have increased manifolds. The incident of Attabad landslide on 4th January 2010 blocking the Hunza River and resulting in the formation of huge lake as a sequel to Astore earthquake in 2002 and Kashmir earthquake in 2005 is a testimony to the fact hazards turn into disasters causing loss and damage to lives, properties, assets and environment. There are multiple reasons ranging from global warming, deforestation, unplanned settlements, population growth, aggressive farming and host of other man induced activities which have made the Northern Areas of Pakistan hazards prone and are likely to pose continuous threat if requisite preparation and response options are not considered well in advance. In case of Attabad landslide, viewing from the prism of disaster risk management the response of Gilgit-Baltistan and Federal Governments has though not been up to the mark yet mobilization of resources and opinion to manage the disaster leaves a promising environment of hope and capacity which can be further developed to more resilient respondent provided little extra deliberations are done and attention is paid. The solution to Attabad landslide dam crisis lies in reducing the risk by either draining out the lake completely or making a reliable structure with proper design for flow of the water from the lake

Quantum Field Theory in de Sitter spacetime

In this paper we will analyse quantum field theory on de Sitter spacetime. We will analyse a general scalar and vector field theory on de Sitter spacetime. This is done by first calculating these propagators on four-Sphere and then analytically continuing it to de Sitter spacetime

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT THICKNESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS CESAREAN SECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Nowadays it’s a big problem of lower uterine thickness in pregnant women that causes a lot of problems. Lower uterine segment thickness is a strong predictor for uterine scar defect in women with prior caesarian section. Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) rates are raising throughout the world. Women with previous one cesarean can undergo either the trial of vaginal birth or elective repeat cesarean section in their next pregnancy. The study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic measurement of lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women So there we are going to evaluate lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women sonographically by using transabdominal and transvaginal approaches as well. Objective: To evaluate lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women with previous caesarian section by sonography. Materials and Methods: An electronic data base search was performed through the searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, international Journal of Gynecology & obstetrics and some other online journals and medical websites with the range from 2000-2021. All studies included in the research was in English language. Articles which had descriptive studies related to sonographic features of lower uterine segment thickness of pregnant women with C-section. Results: Research data of 200 patients in all studies showed that Transvaginal ultrasound provided greater reliability in LUS measurements than did transabdominal ultrasound. The use of three-dimensional ultrasound improved significantly the reliability of the LUS muscular thickness measurement obtained transvaginal Conclusion: We identified certain sonographic patterns that can accurately shows the lower uterine segment thickness in pregnant women with previous caesarian section. Keywords: LUS lower uterine segment thickness, Transabdominal and Transvaginal ultrasonography, Pregnancy, Caesarian Section DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-07 Publication date:September 30th 202

Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment in Lahore population: A cross-sectional survey in a low-income country

ABSTRACT Introduction: Poor esthetics, dysfunction and discomfort are the key reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment across the world as reported by many researchers. This paper presents the causative factor for seeking orthodontic treatment in the patients who are visiting Punjab Dental Hospital of a populous city Lahore (de\u27 Montmorency College of Dentistry) in local settings and associating these reasons with demographic characteristics. Objective: Aim of this cross-sectional survey was to explore the reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment among individuals who are visiting PDH. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Punjab Dental Hospital (PDH) after the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) on a sample of 98 individuals having malocclusion assessed with Angle\u27s classification of the malocclusion. We chose simple random sampling. A self-structure questionnaire was designed to get data by the principal investigator after taking verbal and written consent. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 21. Chi-square test of association was applied to associate reasons with different demographic variables. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Female respondents were more in number than males. Around one-third of respondents (30.6 %) had a monthly income of less than 25000 PKR ($ 170). Esthetics was the primary reason for seeking orthodontic treatment. The most common type of malocclusion was the Class II malocclusion. Statistically significant factors that emerged in this study that turned into reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment were hurdles in marriage, referral by a general dentist, motivation by parents, self-esteem and speech problems. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients seek orthodontic treatment mainly to enhance facial esthetics and self-confidence, motivation by the parents, and social acceptability

A Case Report on Pancoast Tumor

AbstractTo present and discuss a case of Pancoast Tumor: an apical lung neoplasm, and subsequentlyhighlight the clinical importance of chronic and progressive complaints, pertaining to this pathology,in helping to detect it and form an early diagnosis.Case: A 55-year-old non-smoker male patient, with a known case of gout and uncontrolled diabetesmellitus, presented to emergency with complaints of severe right-sided pain in the chest, subscapularand axillary regions. His electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzyme came out to be normal. ChestX-ray showed an opacity in the apex of the right lung. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT), there were enhancing multi-focal lesions in the apical segment of the right lung making adiagnosis of Pancoast tumor.Even though, it may be missed in the early stages as the tumor cannot be seen on imaging investigationsand biopsy is more specific at this time, imaging studies do play a substantial role in diagnosing thistumor. Due to the challenges in diagnosing this rare type of lung neoplasm, it is usually diagnosedwhen it has locally invaded.Conclusion: Awareness regarding clinically important warning signs of Pancoast tumors such aschronic and progressive neck and shoulder pain can help healthcare professionals, most notably butnot exclusively, chiropractors, in prompt identification of these signs and symptoms, thus facilitatinga timely medical and/or surgical referral and an early diagnosis of this pathology. A thoroughexamination can assist in early diagnosis and lead to a subsequent decrease in mortality and animprovement in quality of life.Keywords: Pancoast syndrome, Neck pain, Lung neoplasms

Salvia reflexa (Lamiaceae): a new record for Pakistan

Salvia reflexa Hornem., a member of the New World subgenus Calosphace, ranges from North America to southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Afghanistan in Asia, and still continues to expand its range. Here we report further range expansion for S. reflexa into the tribal areas of Pakistan and hypothesize that it has been introduced from Afghanistan. This represents a new record for the flora of Pakistan