Bacterial diversity in tropical glacier and glacier foreland in Uganda : Glacier ecosystem influence soil formation in glacier foreland

第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OB] 極域生物圏11月16日（月）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Novel yeast taxa from the cold: description of Cryolevonia giraudoae sp. nov. and Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov.

Twenty-one psychrophilic yeast isolates related to the Camptobasidiaceae family in the Microbotryomycetes class were obtained from ice collected from cold environments worldwide. A new psychrophilic species from the recently described genus Cryole-vonia, Cryolevania giraudoae is proposed to accommodate 18 isolates from Patagonia (Argentina) and Antarctica (holotype CRUB 2086T). In addition, a new psychrophilic species in the genus Camptobasidium is described as Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov. (holotype CBS 8941T), based on three isolates from glacial ice in the Russel glacier (Greenland ice sheet) and Antarctica. The strict psychrophilic profile is the salient feature of both novel species.Fil: de Garcia, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; ArgentinaFil: Trochine, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Uetake, Jun. National Institute of Polar Research; JapónFil: Bellora, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Libkind, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; Argentin

Diversity of cold-adapted ciliates from glacier snow and cryoconite in Arctic region

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第33回極域生物シンポジウム 11月18日（金） 統計数理研究所 3階セミナー室

Spatial distribution of cryoconite granules and microorganisms on Qaanaaq Glacier, Greenland

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IB2] 地球環境変動の解析と地球生命システム学の構築11月19日（木）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室1（D305

A report on ice core drilling on the western plateau of Mt. Belukha in the Russian Altai Mountains in 2003

A 171m deep ice core from the surface to the bottom has been successfully drilled on the West Belukha snow-firn Plateau in the Russian Altai Mountains in the summer of 2003. The drill system used in this project was an electro-mechanical drill with a barrel 135cm long and 9.5cm in inner diameter manufactured by Geo Tecs Co., Japan. The maximum core length for a drilling run is 55cm. It took 87.5 hours in actual working time of 7 working days to drill the core down to the bottom of the glacier. The total number of drilling runs was 325. The mean length of the drilled core was 48.6cm. Most of the cores were not brittle and had a good cylindrical shape. High air temperature above the melting point in the drilling shelter caused some trouble in drilling. One of the major troubles was slip of cutters due to adhesion of cutting tips to the cutters and shoes

Improvement of quantitative detection for microorganisms in polar ice core and snow pit

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前フロ

Diversity of phototrophic bacteria in Russell Glacier, Greenland

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第33回極域生物シンポジウム 11月18日（金） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロ

Microbial composition changes in cryoconite formation process in Northwestern Greenland

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/特別セッション「これからの北極研究」11月28日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議

アイスコアサンプル ヲ タイショウ トシタ ケイコウ ケンビキョウ ニヨル ビセイブツ テイリョウ ホウホウ ノ ケントウ

氷床アイスコア中には,鉱物粒子と共に輸送されてきた微生物が含まれる事が知られている.これら微生物の細胞数の計測には,蛍光顕微鏡による直接観察法が用いられるが,細胞数が少ないアイスコア試料では蛍光染色試薬の退色により数を過小評価しやすい一方で,含まれる鉱物などの非特異的な蛍光により過大評価しやすいため,定量的に細胞数を測定する事が困難である.本研究では5種の退色防止試薬から退色が最も少ないもの,19種の蛍光染色試薬から非特異的蛍光との選別が容易な試薬をそれぞれ選出し,細胞壁構造の異なる6種の微生物株を用いて染色選択性を確認し,鉱物の混入による染色への影響を調べた.その結果,退色防止試薬にはEverBrite Mounting Medium(Biotium製),蛍光染色試薬にはYOYO-1(Molecular Probes)が最も適していることがわかり,鉱物が混入する場合は濃度をやや高めに調整することで定量性が高くなる事が示された.Ice cores recovered from ice sheets contain microorganisms that were transported to the surface of the ice sheet along with airborne dust. The abundance of microorganisms in ice cores, as measured by direct cell count under a fluorescence microscope, is generally lower than that in other aquatic environments. It is possible that the abundance of microorganisms in ice cores is underestimated due to the degradation of fluorescent dye or because non-specific fluorescence from mineral particles inhibits the fluorescence signal from microorganisms. To investigate this possibility, we tested 4 types of antifade solution and 19 types of fluorescence dye, and selected the best combination in terms of prolonging the fluorescent signal from microorganisms and distinguishing biological signals from noise produced by non-specific particles. The results show that the optimal combination of solution and dye for cell counts of scarce microorganisms in ice cores is the nuclear acid dye ＂YOYO-1＂ (Molecular Probes) and the antifade solution ＂EverBrite Mounting Medium＂ (Biotium)