Quantum algorithm for collisionless Boltzmann simulation of self-gravitating systems

The collisionless Boltzmann equation (CBE) is a fundamental equation that governs the dynamics of a broad range of astrophysical systems from space plasma to star clusters and galaxies. It is computationally expensive to integrate the CBE directly in a phase space, and thus the applications to realistic astrophysical problems have been limited so far. Recently, Todorova \& Steijl (2020) proposed an efficient quantum algorithm for solving the CBE with a significantly reduced computational complexity. We extend the method to perform quantum simulations that follow the evolution of self-gravitating systems. We first run a 1+1 dimensional test calculation of free streaming motion on 64$\times$64 grids using 13 simulated qubits and validate our method. We then perform simulations of Jeans collapse, and compare the result with analytic and linear theory calculations. We propose a direct method to generate initial conditions as well as a method to retrieve necessary information from a register of multiple qubits. Our simulation scheme achieves $\mathcal{O}(N_v^3)$ less computational complexity than the classical method, where $N_v$ is the number of discrete velocity grids per dimension. It will thus allow us to perform large-scale CBE simulations on future quantum computers.Comment: 10 pages, 9figure

Quantum algorithm for the Vlasov simulation of the large-scale structure formation with massive neutrinos

Miyamoto K., Yamazaki S., Uchida F., et al. Quantum algorithm for the Vlasov simulation of the large-scale structure formation with massive neutrinos. Physical Review Research 6, 013200 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013200.Investigating the cosmological implication of the fact that neutrino has finite mass is of importance for fundamental physics. In particular, massive neutrino affects the formation of the large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe, and, conversely, observations of the LSS can give constraints on the neutrino mass. Numerical simulations of the LSS formation including massive neutrino along with conventional cold dark matter is thus an important task. For this, calculating the neutrino distribution in the phase space by solving the Vlasov equation is a suitable approach, but it requires solving the PDE in the (6+1)-dimensional space and is thus computationally demanding: Configuring ngr grid points in each coordinate and nt time grid points leads to O(ngr6) memory space and O(ntngr6) queries to the coefficients in the discretized PDE. We propose a quantum algorithm for this task. Linearizing the Vlasov equation by neglecting the relatively weak self-gravity of the neutrino, we perform the Hamiltonian simulation to produce quantum states that encode the phase-space distribution of neutrino. We also propose a way to extract the power spectrum of the neutrino density perturbations as classical data from the quantum state by quantum amplitude estimation with accuracy ϵ and query complexity of order Õ[(ngr+nt)/ϵ]. Our method also reduces the space complexity to O[polylog(ngr/ϵ)] in terms of the qubit number, while using quantum random access memories with O(ngr3) entries. As far as we know, this is the first quantum algorithm for the LSS simulation that outputs the quantity of practical interest with guaranteed accuracy

Efficacy and Safety of Esaxerenone in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study

Introduction Clinical data of esaxerenone in hypertensive patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are lacking. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in patients with DKD and an inadequate response to blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment. Methods In this multicenter, open-label, prospective study, patients were divided into urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio subcohorts (UACR  Results In total, 113 patients were enrolled. Morning home SBP/DBP significantly decreased from baseline to EOT in the total population (− 11.6/− 5.2 mmHg, both p  Conclusion Esaxerenone demonstrated a BP-lowering effect and improved albuminuria. The effects were consistent regardless of the severity of albuminuria without clinically relevant serum potassium elevation and eGFR reduction

Epidemiological Survey of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Nagasaki, Japan

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease endemic in East Asia. Transmitted to other organisms by infected ticks, the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and is endemic to Nagasaki in western Japan. However, epidemiological information regarding SFTSV in Nagasaki ticks has not been available to date. In this study, we began by examining the sensitivities of SFTSV gene detection by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation in cultured cells and mice. These methods could detect SFTSV in the samples containing more than 4 × 10° ffu. Next, we attempted to isolate SFTSV and to detect viral gene in 2,222 nymph and adult ticks collected from May to August 2013 among seven regions of Nagasaki. However, neither virus isolation nor viral gene detection were confirmed in the tick pools. SFTSV positivity rates are considered to be very low in ticks, and viral loads are also very limited. Further investigations increasing the number of ticks and including larval samples as well as improved detection methods, may be required to find SFTSV-positive ticks in this region

Suicidal ideation and burnout among psychiatric trainees in Japan

AIM: Burnout is a psychological condition that may occur in all workers after being exposed to excessive work-related stresses. We investigated suicidal ideation and burnout among Japanese psychiatric trainees as a part of the Burnout Syndrome Study (BoSS) International.  METHODS: In the Japanese branch, 91 trainees fully completed suicide ideation and behaviour questionnaire (SIBQ) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS).  RESULTS: Passive suicidal ideation was reported by 38.5% of Japanese trainees and 22.0% of them had experienced active suicidal ideation. The burnout rate among Japanese subjects was 40.0%. These results were worse compared to the all 1980 trainees who fully completed the main outcome measure in BoSS International, 25.9%, 20.4% and 36.7%, respectively.  CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a higher risk of suicide among Japanese residents. Japan has a higher suicide rate than other countries. Early detection of, and appropriate intervention for, suicidal ideation is important in preventing suicide in psychiatry residents

Single-cell transcriptomics of human cholesteatoma identifies an activin A-producing osteoclastogenic fibroblast subset inducing bone destruction

Cholesteatoma, which potentially results from tympanic membrane retraction, is characterized by intractable local bone erosion and subsequent hearing loss and brain abscess formation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone destruction remain elusive. Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on human cholesteatoma samples and identify a pathogenic fibroblast subset characterized by abundant expression of inhibin βA. We demonstrate that activin A, a homodimer of inhibin βA, promotes osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, the deletion of inhibin βA /activin A in these fibroblasts results in decreased osteoclast differentiation in a murine model of cholesteatoma. Moreover, follistatin, an antagonist of activin A, reduces osteoclastogenesis and resultant bone erosion in cholesteatoma. Collectively, these findings indicate that unique activin A-producing fibroblasts present in human cholesteatoma tissues are accountable for bone destruction via the induction of local osteoclastogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.Shimizu K., Kikuta J., Ohta Y., et al. Single-cell transcriptomics of human cholesteatoma identifies an activin A-producing osteoclastogenic fibroblast subset inducing bone destruction. Nature Communications 14, 4417 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40094-3

Beam and SKS spectrometers at the K1.8 beam line

High-resolution spectrometers for both incident beams and scattered particles have been constructed at the K1.8 beam line of the Hadron Experimental Facility at J-PARC. A point-to-point optics is realized between the entrance and exit of QQDQQ magnets for the beam spectrometer. Fine-pitch wire chamber trackers and hodoscope counters are installed in the beam spectrometer to accept a high rate beam up to 107 Hz. The superconducting kaon spectrometer for scattered particles was transferred from KEK with modifications to the cryogenic system and detectors. A missing-mass resolution of 1.9 ± 0.1 MeV/c2 (FWHM) was achieved for the ∑ peaks of (π±, K+) reactions on a proton target in the first physics run of E19 in 2010

血中腫瘍細胞についての臨床的実験的研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士医学博士論医博第130号新制||医||58(附属図書館)744(主査)教授 荒木 千里, 教授 木村 忠司, 教授 伊藤 鉄夫学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

血中腫瘍細胞についての臨床的実験的研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士医学博士論医博第130号新制||医||58(附属図書館)744(主査)教授 荒木 千里, 教授 木村 忠司, 教授 伊藤 鉄夫学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA