Radiokemian relevanssi : Tulevien radiokemistien käsityksiä

Radiokemi står inför en väldokumenterad utbildning och rekryteringskris. Äldre radiokemister går i pension och färre unga studerar radiokemi. I sin tur leder detta till brist på nyutbildade radiokemister, såväl som förlust av historisk kunskap (eftersom kunskap ofta inte förmedlas). Här analyserade vi relevansen av studien av radiokemi i högre utbildning genom framtida radiokemists uppfattningar. Vårt mål var att ge inblick i framtida radiokemisternas tänkande och ge några tydliga exempel på hur man stöder relevans. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes genom en forskningsfråga: Vilka uppfattningar om relevans upplever framtida radiokemister om radiokemistudier och radiokemi som fält? Vi använde relevansmodellen av Stuckey et al. (2013) som ram för relevans. Detta valdes eftersom det erbjuder en omfattande definition av relevans inklusive individuella, samhälleliga och yrkesmässiga dimensioner. Uppgifterna samlades in från forskarstudenter i radiokemi (magister- och doktorsexamen) genom användning av ett kvalitativt frågeformulär som utformades med den valda relevansramen. Totalt deltog 15 framtida radiokemister i studien. Uppgifterna analyserades genom teoribaserad innehållsanalys med användning av det valda relevansramverket. Enligt våra uppgifter upplever framtida radiokemister att deras universitetsstudier och kemifältet är mycket relevanta. De upplevde att ämnen för radiokemi är intressanta (individuell relevans), fältet har stor samhällseffekt genom radiofarmaceutika, energilösningar och miljöproblemlösning (samhällsrelevans) och att deras professionella framtid var tydlig, till exempel ett jobb inom kärnkraftsområdet industri (yrkesrelevans). Dessa resultat kan användas för studentrekrytering och för att utveckla radiokemiundervisning mot en mer relevant inriktning.Radiokemialla on koulutus- ja rekrytointikriisi. Vanhemmat radiokemistit siirtyvät eläkkeelle, ja yhä vähemmän nuoria valitsee radiokemiaa opiskelualakseen. Asetelman vuoksi on pulaa pätevistä radiokemisteistä, ja hiljaista tietoa häviää. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään tulevien radiokemistien kokemuksia radiokemian relevanssista. Tavoitteena on selvittää, miksi radiokemiaa valinneet opiskelijat ovat alan valinneet. Tutkimus oli luonteeltaan laadullinen tutkimus. Aineisto kerättiin sähköpostikyselyillä sisältäen kaksi aineistonkeruusykliä. Ainesot analysoitiin teoriapohjaisella sisällnöanalyysillä tunnetun Stuckeyn et al. (2013) relevanssia hyödyntäen. Tutkimuksen mukaan tulevat radiokemistit kokivat alan erittäin relevanssiksi. He kokivat, että radiokemian olevan mielenkiintoista (henkilökohtainen relevanssi), radiokemian yhteiskunnallisen merkityksen olevan suuri esim. lääke- ja energiateollisuuden kautta (yhteiskunnallinen relevanssi) ja heillä oli selkeä kuva tulevaisuuden työllistymisestä (ammatillinen relevanssi). Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan käyttää opiskelijoiden rekrytointiin ja radiokemian opetuksen relevanssin vahvistamiseen.Radiochemistry faces a well-documented training and recruitment crisis. Older radiochemists are retiring, and fewer young people are studying radiochemistry. In turn, this is leading to a shortage in newly qualified radiochemists, as well as a loss of historical knowledge (as know-how is often not passed-on). Here, we analyzed the relevance of the study of radiochemistry in higher education through future radiochemists’ perceptions. Our objective was to provide insights into future radiochemists’ thinking and provide some clear examples on how to support relevance. A qualitative study was conducted through a research question: What perceptions of relevance do future radiochemists experience about radiochemistry studies and radiochemistry as a field? We used the relevance model of Stuckey et al. (2013) as the relevance framework. This was selected because it offers a comprehensive definition of relevance including individual, societal, and vocational dimensions. The data were gathered from postgraduate radiochemistry students (masters and Ph.D. level) through use of a qualitative questionnaire that was designed using the selected relevance framework. In total, 15 future radiochemists participated in the study. The data were analyzed through theory-based content analysis using the selected relevance framework. According to our data, future radiochemists experience their university study and the chemistry field as being highly relevant. They experienced that radiochemistry topics are interesting (individual relevance), the field has great societal impact through radiopharmaceuticals, energy solutions, and environmental problem-solving (societal relevance), and that their professional future was clear, for example, a job in the nuclear industry (vocational relevance). These results can be used in student recruitment and in developing radiochemistry teaching toward a more relevance-oriented direction.Peer reviewe

Global Health Education: a cross-sectional study among German medical students to identify needs, deficits and potential benefits (Part 1 of 2: Mobility patterns & educational needs and demands)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In recent years, education and training in global health has been the subject of recurring debate in many countries. However, in Germany, there has been no analysis of the educational needs or demands of medical students, or the educational deficits or potential benefits involved in global health education. Our purpose is to analyse international health elective patterns of medical students enrolled at German universities and assess whether or how they prepare for their electives abroad. We examine the exposure of medical students enrolled at German universities to training courses in tropical medicine or global health and assess students' perceived needs and demands for education in global health.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional study among medical students in Germany including all 36 medical schools during the second half of the year 2007. All registered medical students were eligible to participate in the study. Recruitment occurred via electronic mailing-lists of students' unions. We developed a web-based, semi-structured questionnaire to capture students' international mobility patterns, preparation before electives, destination countries, exposure to and demand for global health learning opportunities.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>1126 online-replies were received and analysed from all registered medical students in Germany (N = 78.067). 33.0% of all respondents (370/1126) declared at least one international health elective and of these, 36.0% (133/370) completed their electives in developing countries. 36.0% (131/363) did not prepare specifically at all, 59.0% (214/363) prepared either by self-study or declared a participation in specific preparation programmes. 87.8% of 5^thand 6^thyear students had never participated in a global health course and 72.6% (209/288) had not completed a course in tropical medicine. 94.0% (861/916) endorsed the idea of introducing global health into medical education.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Students in our sample are highly mobile during their studies. International health electives are common, also in developing countries. Formal preparation beyond self-study is virtually non-existent amongst our sample and the participation rate in courses of tropical medicine or global health is appallingly low. We have identified unmet perceived needs and the demand for more learning opportunities in global health in our sample, urging for reforms to adjust curricula to a globalising world.</p

Approaches in biotechnological applications of natural polymers

Natural polymers, such as gums and mucilage, are biocompatible, cheap, easily available and non-toxic materials of native origin. These polymers are increasingly preferred over synthetic materials for industrial applications due to their intrinsic properties, as well as they are considered alternative sources of raw materials since they present characteristics of sustainability, biodegradability and biosafety. As definition, gums and mucilages are polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates consisting of one or more monosaccharides or their derivatives linked in bewildering variety of linkages and structures. Natural gums are considered polysaccharides naturally occurring in varieties of plant seeds and exudates, tree or shrub exudates, seaweed extracts, fungi, bacteria, and animal sources. Water-soluble gums, also known as hydrocolloids, are considered exudates and are pathological products; therefore, they do not form a part of cell wall. On the other hand, mucilages are part of cell and physiological products. It is important to highlight that gums represent the largest amounts of polymer materials derived from plants. Gums have enormously large and broad applications in both food and non-food industries, being commonly used as thickening, binding, emulsifying, suspending, stabilizing agents and matrices for drug release in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In the food industry, their gelling properties and the ability to mold edible films and coatings are extensively studied. The use of gums depends on the intrinsic properties that they provide, often at costs below those of synthetic polymers. For upgrading the value of gums, they are being processed into various forms, including the most recent nanomaterials, for various biotechnological applications. Thus, the main natural polymers including galactomannans, cellulose, chitin, agar, carrageenan, alginate, cashew gum, pectin and starch, in addition to the current researches about them are reviewed in this article.. }To the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfíico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for fellowships (LCBBC and MGCC) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nvíel Superior (CAPES) (PBSA). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) (JAT)

Urteile von Schuelern ueber Verhaltensmerkmale Jugendlicher anderer Nationalitaeten

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