43 research outputs found
Large Eddy Simulations of complex turbulent flows
In this dissertation a solution methodology for complex turbulent flows of industrial interests is developed using a combination of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) concepts. LES is an intermediate approach to turbulence simulation in which the onus of modeling of “universal” small scales is appropriately transferred to the resolution of “problem-dependent” large scales or eddies. IBM combines the efficiency inherent in using a fixed Cartesian grid to compute the fluid motion, along with the ease of tracking the immersed boundary at a set of moving Lagrangian points. Numerical code developed for this dissertation solves unsteady, filtered Navier-Stokes equations using high-order accurate (fourth order in space) finite difference schemes on a staggered grid with a fractional step approach. Pressure Poisson equation is solved using a direct solver based on a matrix diagonalization technique. Second order accurate Adams-Bashforth scheme is used for temporal integration of equations. Dynamic mixed model (DMM) is used to model subgrid scale (SGS) terms. It can represent large scale anisotropy and back-scatter of energy from small-to-large scale through scale-similar term and maintain the energy drain through eddy viscosity term whose coefficient is allowed to change with in the computational domain. This code is validated for several bench-mark problems and is demonstrated to solve complex moving geometry problem such as stator-rotor interaction. A number of parametric studies on jets-in-crossflow are performed to understand complex fluid dynamics issues pertaining to film-cooling. These studies included effects of variation of hole-aspect ratio, jet injection angle, free-stream turbulence intensity and free-stream turbulence length scales on the coherent structure dynamics for jets-in-crossflow. Fundamental flow physics and heat transfer issues are addressed by extracting coherent structures from time-dependent three dimensional flow fields of film-cooling by inclined jet and studying their influence on the film-cooled surface heat transfer. A direct method to perform heat transfer calculations in periodic geometries is proposed and applied to internal cooling in rotating ribbed duct. Immersed boundary method is used to render complex geometry of trapped vortex combustor on Cartesian grid and fluid mixing inside trapped vortex cavity is studied in detail
Design and Analysis of Electric Power Production Unit for Low Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoir Applications
The subject of this paper is the design analysis of a single well power production unit from low enthalpy geothermal resources. A complexity of the project is defined by a low temperature heat source that usually makes such projects economically disadvantageous using the conventional binary power plant approach. A proposed new compact design is numerically analyzed. This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis, a working fluid choice, downhole heat exchanger (DHE) and turbine calculation results. The unit is able to produce 321 kW of electric power from a low enthalpy underground heat source utilizing n-Pentane as a working fluid. A geo-pressured reservoir located in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, USA is selected as a prototype for the field application. With a brine temperature of 126℃, the optimal length of DHE is determined as 304.8 m (1000ft). All units (pipes, turbine, and pumps) are chosen from commercially available parts to bring this project closer to the industry requirements. Numerical calculations are based on petroleum industry standards. The project is sponsored by the Department of Energy of the US
Design and Analysis of Electric Power Production Unit for Low Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoir Applications
The subject of this paper is the design analysis of a single well power production unit from low enthalpy geothermal resources. A complexity of the project is defined by a low temperature heat source that usually makes such projects economically disadvantageous using the conventional binary power plant approach. A proposed new compact design is numerically analyzed. This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis, a working fluid choice, downhole heat exchanger (DHE) and turbine calculation results. The unit is able to produce 321 kW of electric power from a low enthalpy underground heat source utilizing n-Pentane as a working fluid. A geo-pressured reservoir located in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, USA is selected as a prototype for the field application. With a brine temperature of 126℃, the optimal length of DHE is determined as 304.8 m (1000ft). All units (pipes, turbine, and pumps) are chosen from commercially available parts to bring this project closer to the industry requirements. Numerical calculations are based on petroleum industry standards. The project is sponsored by the Department of Energy of the US
A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics
Computational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, the Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities, with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized. © 2022, The Author(s)
A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics
Computational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, the Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities, with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized
In silico characterisation of novel rice transcripts differentially expressed in phosphorus dificient conditions suggests a role of these transcripts in multiple abiotic stresses
Phosphorus deficiency adversely affects crop productivity. The mechanism of tolerance in plants is not well understood. The current study successfully annotated a set of highly significant (Log2 RPKM ≥3) nine novel sequences up-regulated in P deficient condition identified from a low P tolerant rice genotype. Sequence annotation identified two transcripts (Os01g37260 and Os02g11060) carrying known domains, F-box and WD, respectively. Multiple Expectation maximization for Motif Elicitation (MEME) revealed presence of conserved domains like D[LP][HY][CL]D[CM][DT]C[AP][DQ][IQ]C, [EH][DN]HN[HS] [ER][FY][EP]I[HN]H which might play a role in phosphorus deficiency tolerance. Analysis of the upstream regions indicated presence of stress responsive elements like E Box, ABRE, and MYBCORE suggesting regulation of the novel transcripts by DNA binding. Protein localization prediction tool suggests that these novel proteins might be targeted to nucleus, chloroplast and cell wall. Transcripts Os02g03640 and Os02g10250 revealed potential target sites for microRNA binding suggesting role of novel miRNAs in low phosphorus response. Our analysis suggests that an F-box protein, Os01g37260 (OSFBx14) might be a promising candidate gene playing a role in multiple abiotic stresses including P deficiency
Optical spectroscopy of Gaia detected protostars with DOT: can we probe protostellar photospheres?
Optical spectroscopy offers the most direct view of the stellar properties
and the accretion indicators. Standard accretion tracers, such as ,
, and, Ca II triplet lines, and most photospheric features, fall in
the optical wavelengths. However, these tracers are not readily observable from
deeply embedded protostars because of the large line of sight extinction (Av
50-100 mag) toward them. In some cases, however, it is possible to
observe protostars at optical wavelengths if the outflow cavity is aligned
along the line-of-sight that allows observations of the photosphere, or the
envelope is very tenuous and thin such that the extinction is low. In such
cases, we can not only detect these protostars at optical wavelengths but also
follow up spectroscopically. We have used the HOPS catalog (Furlan et al. 2016)
of protostars in Orion to search for optical counterparts for protostars in the
Gaia DR3 survey. Out of the 330 protostars in the HOPS sample, an optical
counterpart within 2" is detected for 62 of the protostars. For 17 out of 62
optically detected protostars, we obtained optical spectra { (between 5500 to
8900 ) using the Aries-Devasthal Faint Object Spectrograph \& Camera
(ADFOSC) on the 3.6-m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) and Hanle Faint Object
Spectrograph Camera (HFOSC) on 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT)}. We
detect strong photospheric features, such as the TiO bands in the spectra {(of
4 protostars)}, hinting that photospheres can form early on in the star
formation process. We further determined the spectral types of protostars,
which show photospheres similar to a late M-type. Mass accretion rates derived
for the protostars are similar to those found for T-Tauri stars, in the range
of 10 to 10 /yr.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures accepted in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
as part of the "Star formation studies in the context of NIR instruments on
3.6m DOT" special issu
uGMRT observations of the hot-Saturn WASP 69b: Radio-Loud Exoplanet-Exomoon Survey II (RLEES II)
Exomoons have so far eluded ongoing searches. Several studies have exploited
transit and transit timing variations and high-resolution spectroscopy to
identify potential exomoon candidates. One method of detecting and confirming
these exomoons is to search for signals of planet-moon interactions. In this
work, we present the first radio observations of the exomoon candidate system
WASP 69b. Based on the detection of alkali metals in the transmission spectra
of WASP-69b, it was deduced that the system might be hosting an exomoon. WASP
69b is also one of the exoplanet systems that will be observed as part of JWST
cycle-1 GTO. This makes the system an excellent target to observe and follow
up. We observed the system for 32 hrs at 150 MHz and 218 MHz using the upgraded
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). Though we do not detect radio emission
from the systems, we place strong upper limits of 3.3 mJy at 150 MHz
and 0.9 mJy at 218 MHz. We then use these upper limits to estimate the maximum
mass loss from the exomoon candidate.Comment: Accepted in MNRAS, 8 pages, 4 Figure
Identifying the population of T-Tauri stars in Taurus: UV-optical synergy
With the third data release of the Gaia mission DR3 with its precise
photometry and astrometry, it is now possible to study the behaviour of stars
at a scale never seen before. In this paper, we developed new criteria to
identify T-Tauri stars (TTS) candidates using UV and optical CMDs by combining
the GALEX and Gaia surveys. We found 19 TTS candidates and 5 of them are newly
identified TTS in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC), not catalogued before as
TMC members. For some of the TTS candidates, we also obtained optical spectra
from several Indian telescopes. We also present the analysis of the distance
and proper motion of young stars in the Taurus using data from DR3. We
found that the stars in Taurus show a bimodal distribution with distance,
having peaks at pc and pc. The
reason for this bimodality, we think, is due to the fact that different clouds
in the TMC region are at different distances. We further show that the two
populations have similar ages and proper motion distribution. Using the
DR3 colour-magnitude diagram, we show that the age of Taurus is consistent with
1 Myr.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
Investigating Protostellar Accretion-Driven Outflows Across the Mass Spectrum: JWST NIRSpec IFU 3-5~m Spectral Mapping of Five Young Protostars
Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) is a Cycle 1 JWST program using
the NIRSpec+MIRI IFUs to obtain 2.9--28 m spectral cubes of five young
protostars with luminosities of 0.2 to 10,000 L in their primary
accretion phase. This paper introduces the NIRSpec 2.9--5.3 m data of the
inner 840-9000 au with spatial resolutions from 28-300 au. The spectra show
rising continuum emission, deep ice absorption, emission from H, H~I, and
[Fe~II], and the CO fundamental series in emission and absorption. Maps of the
continuum emission show scattered light cavities for all five protostars. In
the cavities, collimated jets are detected in [Fe~II] for the four ~L protostars, two of which are additionally traced in
Br-. Knots of [Fe~II] emission are detected toward the most luminous
protostar, and knots of [FeII] emission with dynamical times of ~yrs are
found in the jets of the others. While only one jet is traced in H, knots
of H and CO are detected in the jets of four protostars. H is seen
extending through the cavities showing they are filled by warm molecular gas.
Bright H emission is seen along the walls of a single cavity, while in
three cavities, narrow shells of H emission are found, one of which has an
[Fe~II] knot at its apex. These data show cavities containing collimated jets
traced in atomic/ionic gas surrounded by warm molecular gas in a wide-angle
wind and/or gas accelerated by bow shocks in the jets.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure