Thermoplastic elastomers via controlled radical graft polymerization

Rubbery behavior with a consistent modulus over a wide temperature range is a challenge in the search for ultimate structure-property relations of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). This feature is closely related to the phase separation behavior of the constitutional segments and the Tg of the phases. Vulcanized rubbers, elastomer/thermoplastic blends, and tri-/multi-block copolymers are industrial products that were developed to get desired mechanical properties and processability. TPEs show a transition between elastic and viscous behavior with respect to the applied temperature. They are acknowledged to be an alternative to vulcanized rubbers, since TPEs can be melt-processed thanks to their physically crosslinked structure as opposed to the chemically crosslinked structure of conventional rubbers/elastomers. Current methods applied in industry to produce tri-/multi-block copolymers are polycondensation and anionic polymerization, which both have disadvantages in terms of either robustness, variety of suitable monomers or consistency of mass distribution. Living radical polymerization (LRP) methods, which are Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP) and Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization are relatively more robust and elegant techniques that provide well-defined functional polymers with low dispersity. These well-defined functional polymers can be further used as building blocks to design copolymers with various topologies. In this PhD study, TPEs with graft topology are synthesized and structure-property relations are investigated. Various living radical graft polymerization techniques are used for the synthesis of high Tg thermoplastics. These high Tg polymers are grafted on a functional elastomeric backbone via two different approaches, which are ‘grafting onto’ and ‘grafting from’. In the ‘grafting onto’ approach, ATRP and RAFT polymerization techniques are used to synthesize high Tg thermoplastics that are subsequently grafted onto the elastomeric backbone by polymer-polymer conjugation reactions, namely anhydride-amine coupling and thiol-ene coupling, respectively. NMP is used in the ‘grafting from’ approach in which high Tg polymer is grown from the initiating sites of the modified elastomeric backbone. Maleated EPM rubber is used for amine-anhydride coupling reactions in the ‘grafting onto’ approach, and it is modified into a macroinitiator for the ‘grafting from’ approach. Polybutadiene (PB) with high external vinyl content is used for thiol-ene coupling reactions in the ‘grafting onto’ approach. Structure-property relations were investigated in terms of molecular architecture, morphology and thermal/mechanical properties. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) techniques are used to characterize the compositional and constitutional structure of synthesized TPEs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is performed for the morphological characterization and phase separation behavior of the samples. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests are performed for analyzing the thermal and mechanical properties. Relation between the molecular architecture, microphase separation behavior and thermal/mechanical properties are discussed in terms of a variety of structural features of the TPEs

METİNLERARASI MİZAHIN BİR TÜRÜ OLARAK ANTİ-ATASÖZLERİ

Intertextuality is one of the most complicated disciplines of literary studies, which a large number of theorists have attempted to define; still, the definitions greatly differ from each other in terms of their focal points. Whilst some scholars such as Rifaterre (1994) and Barthes (2001) emphasize the role of readers and reading process in the discipline, others like Bakhtin (1981) and Kristeva (1980) are mainly concerned with the relationship among texts. Studies have investigated intertextuality in different fields such as advertising (Oppenheim, 2014), sitcom series (Kinnonen, 2012), music (Barron, 2015), and so on; our study attempts to examine intertextual references on the basis of creating humor, specifically, through the popular phenomenon of antiproverbs. In other words, anti-proverbs have been analyzed from the point of the view of humor theories –superiority, incongruity, and relief theories, attempting to discover how the intertextual references function in creating a humorous content in the new text- anti-proverbs.Metinlerarasılık, çok sayıda kuramcının tanımlamaya çalıştığı, edebi çalışmaların en karmaşık alanlarından biridir. Dolayısıyla bu alanda yapılan tanımlamalar, odak noktaları açısından birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. Rifaterre (1994) ve Barthes (2001) gibi bazı düşünürler okurların ve okuma sürecinin bu disiplindeki rolünü vurgularken; Bakhtin (1981) ve Kristeva (1980) gibi diğer düşünürler daha çok bu disiplinin diğer metinlerle ilişkisi üzerinde durmuşlardır. Metinlerarasılığı reklam (Oppenheim, 2014), durum komedisi (Kinnonen, 2012), müzik (Barron, 2015) gibi farklı alanlarda inceleyen çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu makale ise, özellikle popüler bir olgu olan anti-atasözleri aracılığıyla mizah ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan metinlerararası referansları incelemeye çalışmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, metinlerararası referansların yeni bir metin olan anti-atasözlerinde mizahi bir içerik oluşturmada nasıl bir işlev gördüğü ortaya koymaya çalışılmış ve anti-atasözleri Üstünlük, Uyuşmazlık ve Rahatlama Teorileri olan mizah teorileri açısından analiz edilmiştir

case report: Werner’s Syndrome

Werner’s syndrome (WS) is an extremely rare and autosomalrecessive premature aging syndrome characterizedby scleroderma-like skin changes, alopecia, legulcers, short stature, cataract, early atherosclerosis, osteoporosis,hypogonadism and increased susceptibilityto malignancies and diabetes mellitus. It can be typicallyrecognized at the third or fourth decades of life. Patientswith WS usually die at the age of 40-50 years due to malignanttumors or atherosclerotic complications. Therefore,early recognition of WS is of great importance forgenetic counseling and for the identification of malignanttumors, atherosclerosis, diabetes, or osteoporosis at anearly stage, since they are the most important factorscausing morbidity and mortality. In this article, growth retardation,premature aging, early cataract, the findings ofhypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome was hospitalizedand diagnosed with wermer 19-year-old male patientis presented.Key words: Werner’s syndrome, premature aging, hypogonadis

The Appearance of Rajaz ın Arabıc Poetry

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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} “Rajaz” is the name used for the short poems with a few couplets recited improsively on battlefields, in poetic repartees and daily life in Pre-Islamic Period. Rajaz, which means tremor and spasm, was used like meter of prosody in Islamic periods. The origin of rajaz is “saj” (rhymes without meter) and it is considered as initial stage of Arabic Poetry. As time passed, saj developed and turned into rajaz in simple meters. Mostly, it was not regarded as a poem because of some religious risks and its relationship with saj. Since it was considered as a type of folk poem, the poets of Pre-Islamic and Islamic periods did not give importance to rajaz.  </p

Flight Dynamics of Flexible Aircraft with Aeroelastic and Inertial Force Interactions

This paper presents an integrated flight dynamic modeling method for flexible aircraft that captures coupled physics effects due to inertial forces, aeroelasticity, and propulsive forces that are normally present in flight. The present approach formulates the coupled flight dynamics using a structural dynamic modeling method that describes the elasticity of a flexible, twisted, swept wing using an equivalent beam-rod model. The structural dynamic model allows for three types of wing elastic motion: flapwise bending, chordwise bending, and torsion. Inertial force coupling with the wing elasticity is formulated to account for aircraft acceleration. The structural deflections create an effective aeroelastic angle of attack that affects the rigid-body motion of flexible aircraft. The aeroelastic effect contributes to aerodynamic damping forces that can influence aerodynamic stability. For wing-mounted engines, wing flexibility can cause the propulsive forces and moments to couple with the wing elastic motion. The integrated flight dynamics for a flexible aircraft are formulated by including generalized coordinate variables associated with the aeroelastic-propulsive forces and moments in the standard state-space form for six degree-of-freedom flight dynamics. A computational structural model for a generic transport aircraft has been created. The eigenvalue analysis is performed to compute aeroelastic frequencies and aerodynamic damping. The results will be used to construct an integrated flight dynamic model of a flexible generic transport aircraft

ÖSYS başarısını etki̇leyen faktörleri̇n anali̇zi̇

Eğitim, ekonomik faktörlerin analiz edilmesinde önemli role sahiptir. Özellikle 1980’li yıllardan itibaren “içsel büyüme teorisi” ile eğitim, ekonomik etkinliklerin açıklanmasında en önemli değişkenlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu modellerle yapılan birçok çalışmada, eğitim değişkeninin açıklayıcı değişken olarak kullanılmasına karşın, bu çalışmada eğitimi etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada 2006 yılı için NUTS 3 düzeyinde eğitimin belirleyicileri çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar,okulda öğretmen/öğrenci oranı vb olanakların artmasının başarıyı olumlu etkilediğini ve mekansal etkilerin olmadığını göstermektedir